Ostiole Black & White Stock Photos

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Ostiole Black & White Stock Photos

. Fungi, ascomycetes, ustilaginales, uredinales. Fungi. ^B Ervsiphales The Erysiphales are characterized by an abundant superficial mycelium, which may be white (colourless) or dark-coloured. The perithecia are spherical, ovoid or flattened, and are usually without an ostiole; the peridium is thin and membranous; the asci are arranged in a regular layer at the base of the perithecium. The group includes some 600 species, the majority of which are external parasites or epiphytes upon the leaves of higher plants. They are grouped into three families, of which the Microthyriaceae are but little k Stock Photo

RMRDTP6P–. Fungi, ascomycetes, ustilaginales, uredinales. Fungi. ^B Ervsiphales The Erysiphales are characterized by an abundant superficial mycelium, which may be white (colourless) or dark-coloured. The perithecia are spherical, ovoid or flattened, and are usually without an ostiole; the peridium is thin and membranous; the asci are arranged in a regular layer at the base of the perithecium. The group includes some 600 species, the majority of which are external parasites or epiphytes upon the leaves of higher plants. They are grouped into three families, of which the Microthyriaceae are but little k

. Comparative morphology and biology of the fungi, mycetozoa and bacteria . Plant morphology; Fungi; Myxomycetes; Bacteriology. CHAPTER V.—COMPARATIVE REVIEW.—ASCOMrCETES.—COLLEMACEAE. ail covered on the inside with periphyses which converge towards the median line. All the periphyses, those of the neck as well as those beneath it, converge till their extremities touch, but without becoming firmly united, so that asci or spores can pass between them to the outside when they are mature. In Melanospora parasitica the future canal of the ostiole is to some extent marked out from the first, for th Stock Photo

RMPG407C–. Comparative morphology and biology of the fungi, mycetozoa and bacteria . Plant morphology; Fungi; Myxomycetes; Bacteriology. CHAPTER V.—COMPARATIVE REVIEW.—ASCOMrCETES.—COLLEMACEAE. ail covered on the inside with periphyses which converge towards the median line. All the periphyses, those of the neck as well as those beneath it, converge till their extremities touch, but without becoming firmly united, so that asci or spores can pass between them to the outside when they are mature. In Melanospora parasitica the future canal of the ostiole is to some extent marked out from the first, for th

. Fungi, ascomycetes, ustilaginales, uredinales. Fungi. 78 PLECTOMYCETES [CH.. ^B Ervsiphales The Erysiphales are characterized by an abundant superficial mycelium, which may be white (colourless) or dark-coloured. The perithecia are spherical, ovoid or flattened, and are usually without an ostiole; the peridium is thin and membranous; the asci are arranged in a regular layer at the base of the perithecium. The group includes some 600 species, the majority of which are external parasites or epiphytes upon the leaves of higher plants. They are grouped into three families, of which the Microthyr Stock Photo

RMRDTP6Y–. Fungi, ascomycetes, ustilaginales, uredinales. Fungi. 78 PLECTOMYCETES [CH.. ^B Ervsiphales The Erysiphales are characterized by an abundant superficial mycelium, which may be white (colourless) or dark-coloured. The perithecia are spherical, ovoid or flattened, and are usually without an ostiole; the peridium is thin and membranous; the asci are arranged in a regular layer at the base of the perithecium. The group includes some 600 species, the majority of which are external parasites or epiphytes upon the leaves of higher plants. They are grouped into three families, of which the Microthyr

. Comparative morphology and biology of the fungi, mycetozoa and bacteria . Plant morphology; Fungi; Myxomycetes; Bacteriology. 2l6 DIVISION II.—COURSE OF DEVELOPMENT OF FUNGI. no longer be recognised, so that the perithecium in the mature state is broadly ovoido-conical with an indistinct ostiole. The wall is formed of three or four layers of not much thickened elongated cells. Phyllachora TJlmi appears to show similarity to the process here described. II. The club-shaped stroma of Xylariapolymorpha (Fig. 103) consists in the young state, according to my earlier observations, of a white medul Stock Photo

RMPG3YRC–. Comparative morphology and biology of the fungi, mycetozoa and bacteria . Plant morphology; Fungi; Myxomycetes; Bacteriology. 2l6 DIVISION II.—COURSE OF DEVELOPMENT OF FUNGI. no longer be recognised, so that the perithecium in the mature state is broadly ovoido-conical with an indistinct ostiole. The wall is formed of three or four layers of not much thickened elongated cells. Phyllachora TJlmi appears to show similarity to the process here described. II. The club-shaped stroma of Xylariapolymorpha (Fig. 103) consists in the young state, according to my earlier observations, of a white medul

. Fungi, ascomycetes, ustilaginales, uredinales. Fungi. I40 PYRENOMYCETES [CH. The Hypocreales, Dothideales and Sphaeriales, have in conjmon more or less pyriform or flask-shaped perithecia; these are sometimes isolated and free, sometimes sunk in the tissue of the host, and sometimes embedded in a stroma or cushion of fungal tissue. The perithecium is lined by delicate filaments, some of which, the periphyses, grow along and partially close the neck, and may protrude through the ostiole, while others (paraphyses) are mingled with the asci in the venter of the fruit. The neck of the peri- thec Stock Photo

RMRDTNFG–. Fungi, ascomycetes, ustilaginales, uredinales. Fungi. I40 PYRENOMYCETES [CH. The Hypocreales, Dothideales and Sphaeriales, have in conjmon more or less pyriform or flask-shaped perithecia; these are sometimes isolated and free, sometimes sunk in the tissue of the host, and sometimes embedded in a stroma or cushion of fungal tissue. The perithecium is lined by delicate filaments, some of which, the periphyses, grow along and partially close the neck, and may protrude through the ostiole, while others (paraphyses) are mingled with the asci in the venter of the fruit. The neck of the peri- thec

. The fungi which cause plant disease . Plant diseases; Fungi. THE FUNGI WHICH CAUSE PLANT DISEASE 519 In part=Mycosph£erella, Leptosphcpria. The genus is a very large one similar to Phoma and Phyllosticta except in its spore form and in the ostiole which is frequently very large. Septoria and Phleospora are distinguished only by the lesser development of the walls of the latter and many species which in early stages pass as Phleospora would in older stages be classed as Septoria. Septoria and Rhabdospora are distinguished only by the part of the host affected, stem or leaf, and many forms in Stock Photo

RMPG45PN–. The fungi which cause plant disease . Plant diseases; Fungi. THE FUNGI WHICH CAUSE PLANT DISEASE 519 In part=Mycosph£erella, Leptosphcpria. The genus is a very large one similar to Phoma and Phyllosticta except in its spore form and in the ostiole which is frequently very large. Septoria and Phleospora are distinguished only by the lesser development of the walls of the latter and many species which in early stages pass as Phleospora would in older stages be classed as Septoria. Septoria and Rhabdospora are distinguished only by the part of the host affected, stem or leaf, and many forms in

RMRDCT09–. Comparative morphology and biology of the fungi, mycetozoa and bacteria . Plant morphology; Fungi; Myxomycetes; Bacteriology. CHAPTER V.—COMPARATIVE REVIEW.—ASCOMrCETES.—COLLEMACEAE. ail covered on the inside with periphyses which converge towards the median line. All the periphyses, those of the neck as well as those beneath it, converge till their extremities touch, but without becoming firmly united, so that asci or spores can pass between them to the outside when they are mature. In Melanospora parasitica the future canal of the ostiole is to some extent marked out from the first, for th

. Chestnut blight. Chestnut blight; Chestnut. SS8 Bulletin 347. Fig. 84.â Cross section (diagrammatic) of a mature pycnidium under the cork layer; ostiole not shown. After Heald ,Â«Â«:â¢..â .â â ;:,.;.:.â ;â¢.â .â â¢â â â â. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. 1906-1960 Stock Photo

RMPG14MD–. Chestnut blight. Chestnut blight; Chestnut. SS8 Bulletin 347. Fig. 84.â Cross section (diagrammatic) of a mature pycnidium under the cork layer; ostiole not shown. After Heald ,Â«Â«:â¢..â .â â ;:,.;.:.â ;â¢.â .â â¢â â â â. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. 1906-1960

. A handbook of cryptogamic botany. Cryptogams. FUCACEM 233 are a prolongation of those of which the thallus is composed, and frequently project, through the mouth or ostiole of the conceptacle, into the surrounding water. When infertile these hyphse are known as paranemes or paraphyses. In the male conceptacles they are usually branched, unbranched in the female. Both the barren and fertile con- ceptacles are always first formed in the neighbourhood of the growing point, the cavity originating from the absorption of a row of cells at right angles to the surface. The antherids are produced on Stock Photo

RMRE1XKM–. A handbook of cryptogamic botany. Cryptogams. FUCACEM 233 are a prolongation of those of which the thallus is composed, and frequently project, through the mouth or ostiole of the conceptacle, into the surrounding water. When infertile these hyphse are known as paranemes or paraphyses. In the male conceptacles they are usually branched, unbranched in the female. Both the barren and fertile con- ceptacles are always first formed in the neighbourhood of the growing point, the cavity originating from the absorption of a row of cells at right angles to the surface. The antherids are produced on

. The fungi which cause plant disease . Plant diseases; Fungi. 212 THE FUNGI WHICH CAUSE PLANT DISEASE usually knot-like head; perithecia closely scattered, sunken in the stroma with only the ostiole protruding, flask-shaped, the walls scarcely distinguishable from the stroma; asci cylindric, il^2«* e. Fig. 152.—C. purpurea. D, Sphacelia stage; E, germinated sclerotia; G, sec- tion of stroma; H, section of a perithecium; J, ascus with spores. After Tulasne. 8-spored; spores hyaline, continuous. Some twelve or fifteen species are recorded all affecting the ovaries of the Gramineae. C. purpurea Stock Photo

RMPG4G9T–. The fungi which cause plant disease . Plant diseases; Fungi. 212 THE FUNGI WHICH CAUSE PLANT DISEASE usually knot-like head; perithecia closely scattered, sunken in the stroma with only the ostiole protruding, flask-shaped, the walls scarcely distinguishable from the stroma; asci cylindric, il^2«* e. Fig. 152.—C. purpurea. D, Sphacelia stage; E, germinated sclerotia; G, sec- tion of stroma; H, section of a perithecium; J, ascus with spores. After Tulasne. 8-spored; spores hyaline, continuous. Some twelve or fifteen species are recorded all affecting the ovaries of the Gramineae. C. purpurea

RMRDE59B–. The fungi which cause plant disease . Plant diseases; Fungi. THE FUNGI WHICH CAUSE PLANT DISEASE 519 In part=Mycosph£erella, Leptosphcpria. The genus is a very large one similar to Phoma and Phyllosticta except in its spore form and in the ostiole which is frequently very large. Septoria and Phleospora are distinguished only by the lesser development of the walls of the latter and many species which in early stages pass as Phleospora would in older stages be classed as Septoria. Septoria and Rhabdospora are distinguished only by the part of the host affected, stem or leaf, and many forms in

. The fungi which cause plant disease . Plant diseases; Fungi. 228 THE FUNGI WHICH CAUSE PLANT DISEASE Trichosphaeria Fuckel (p. 226) Perithecia usually free, globose, woody or carbonous, hairy, ostiole flat or papillate; asci-cylindric, 8-spored; spores 1 to 2-celled, hyaline; paraphyses present. There are some forty species, mainly saprophytes. T. sacchari Mass.^"- ^^ Perithecia broadly ovate, dark-brown, beset with brown hairs; spores elongate-ellipsoid, 1-celled; the conidial forms are various. Fig. 162.—^Trichosphseria. E, habit sketch; G, conidial stage. After Lindau, Winter and Bre Stock Photo

RMPG4G73–. The fungi which cause plant disease . Plant diseases; Fungi. 228 THE FUNGI WHICH CAUSE PLANT DISEASE Trichosphaeria Fuckel (p. 226) Perithecia usually free, globose, woody or carbonous, hairy, ostiole flat or papillate; asci-cylindric, 8-spored; spores 1 to 2-celled, hyaline; paraphyses present. There are some forty species, mainly saprophytes. T. sacchari Mass.^"- ^^ Perithecia broadly ovate, dark-brown, beset with brown hairs; spores elongate-ellipsoid, 1-celled; the conidial forms are various. Fig. 162.—^Trichosphseria. E, habit sketch; G, conidial stage. After Lindau, Winter and Bre

RMRDFE1D–. Chestnut blight. Chestnut blight; Chestnut. SS8 Bulletin 347. Fig. 84.â Cross section (diagrammatic) of a mature pycnidium under the cork layer; ostiole not shown. After Heald ,Â«Â«:â¢..â .â â ;:,.;.:.â ;â¢.â .â â¢â â â â. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. 1906-1960

. The fungi which cause plant disease . Plant diseases; Fungi. THE FUNGI WHICH CAUSE PLANT DISEASE 233 Hedgcock >" who recognizes several species as discoloring lumber. C. pilifera (Fr.) Wint." has been described in detail by von Schrenk as the cause of a blue color in pine wood."' Cyanospora Heald & Wolf (p. 232) Perithecia solitary or in clusters of two or three on stromatic nodules, immersed, horizontal; ostiole lateral, neck short; asci. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - colorat Stock Photo

RMPG4G4G–. The fungi which cause plant disease . Plant diseases; Fungi. THE FUNGI WHICH CAUSE PLANT DISEASE 233 Hedgcock >" who recognizes several species as discoloring lumber. C. pilifera (Fr.) Wint." has been described in detail by von Schrenk as the cause of a blue color in pine wood."' Cyanospora Heald & Wolf (p. 232) Perithecia solitary or in clusters of two or three on stromatic nodules, immersed, horizontal; ostiole lateral, neck short; asci. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - colorat

. Fungi, ascomycetes, ustilaginales, uredinales. Fungi. V] SPHAERIALES 157 long hairs around the ostiole, and from the Sphaeriaceae in the habitat and type of spore. The mycehum is in most cases composed of multinucleate cells, but in Podospora hirsuta the cells are uninucleate (fig. 115), recalling the condition in several species of Chaetomium. The commonest type of archicarp is a stout, coiled, septate hypha which soon becomes surrounded by vegetative filaments; it is usually terminal, but is occasionally intercalary, for instance in Sordaria fimicola. Dangeard has found a straight archicar Stock Photo

RMRDTNBB–. Fungi, ascomycetes, ustilaginales, uredinales. Fungi. V] SPHAERIALES 157 long hairs around the ostiole, and from the Sphaeriaceae in the habitat and type of spore. The mycehum is in most cases composed of multinucleate cells, but in Podospora hirsuta the cells are uninucleate (fig. 115), recalling the condition in several species of Chaetomium. The commonest type of archicarp is a stout, coiled, septate hypha which soon becomes surrounded by vegetative filaments; it is usually terminal, but is occasionally intercalary, for instance in Sordaria fimicola. Dangeard has found a straight archicar

. The fungi which cause plant disease . Plant diseases; Fungi. 282 THE FUNGI WHICH CAUSE PLANT DISEASE Calosphseria. Tulasne (p. 281) Perithecia astromate, free or on the inner bark, scattered or clustered, ostiole more or less elongate; asci clavate, fasciculate; spores small, cylindric, curved, hyaline, continuous; paraphyses longer than the asci, stout lanceolate, evanescent. About thirty-five species chiefly saprophytes. C. princeps Tul. Perithecia on the inner bark in orbicular or elliptic groups, gen- erally densely crowded, globose, smooth and shining, necks long. Fig. 210.—Crypto- spor Stock Photo

RMPG4696–. The fungi which cause plant disease . Plant diseases; Fungi. 282 THE FUNGI WHICH CAUSE PLANT DISEASE Calosphseria. Tulasne (p. 281) Perithecia astromate, free or on the inner bark, scattered or clustered, ostiole more or less elongate; asci clavate, fasciculate; spores small, cylindric, curved, hyaline, continuous; paraphyses longer than the asci, stout lanceolate, evanescent. About thirty-five species chiefly saprophytes. C. princeps Tul. Perithecia on the inner bark in orbicular or elliptic groups, gen- erally densely crowded, globose, smooth and shining, necks long. Fig. 210.—Crypto- spor

. Fungi, ascomycetes, ustilaginales, uredinales. Fungi. V] SPHAERIALES iSS Chaetoniiaceae The Chaetomiaceae occur on straw, paper, dung and other waste materials; they possess free, thin-walled perithecia beset with numerous characteristic, long hairs (fig. 112), which are often elaborately branched or coiled. On these, or on the ordinary vegetative mycelium, conidia are produced. An ostiole is lacking in Ch. fimete, presumably the most primitive member of the genus; in the remaining species it is present and the peri- thecium is of the typical sphaeriaceous form. In Chaetomium spirale the cel Stock Photo

RMRDTNBX–. Fungi, ascomycetes, ustilaginales, uredinales. Fungi. V] SPHAERIALES iSS Chaetoniiaceae The Chaetomiaceae occur on straw, paper, dung and other waste materials; they possess free, thin-walled perithecia beset with numerous characteristic, long hairs (fig. 112), which are often elaborately branched or coiled. On these, or on the ordinary vegetative mycelium, conidia are produced. An ostiole is lacking in Ch. fimete, presumably the most primitive member of the genus; in the remaining species it is present and the peri- thecium is of the typical sphaeriaceous form. In Chaetomium spirale the cel

. The fungi which cause plant disease . Plant diseases; Fungi. THE FUNGI WHICH CAUSE PLANT DISEASE 485 P. tabifica Prill is perhaps identical with Myeosphserella tabifica, though Potebnia" questions this. See p. 247. P. maculiformis (Pers.) Sacc. on chestnut =Mycosph£erella maculiformis. See p. 249. P. soUtaria E. & E.^-« Perithecia minute, immersed, the ostiole only erumpent; conidia broadly elliptic, 8-10 x 5-6 m, surrounded by a mucilaginous sheath. It is the cause of apple fruit blotch and of cankers and leaf spots. On the fruit it was first reported by Clinton ^ in 1902. The frui Stock Photo

RMPG0RC1–. The fungi which cause plant disease . Plant diseases; Fungi. THE FUNGI WHICH CAUSE PLANT DISEASE 485 P. tabifica Prill is perhaps identical with Myeosphserella tabifica, though Potebnia" questions this. See p. 247. P. maculiformis (Pers.) Sacc. on chestnut =Mycosph£erella maculiformis. See p. 249. P. soUtaria E. & E.^-« Perithecia minute, immersed, the ostiole only erumpent; conidia broadly elliptic, 8-10 x 5-6 m, surrounded by a mucilaginous sheath. It is the cause of apple fruit blotch and of cankers and leaf spots. On the fruit it was first reported by Clinton ^ in 1902. The frui

. Fungi, ascomycetes, ustilaginales, uredinales. Fungi. CHAPTER V PYRENOMYCETES The Pyrenomycetes include some 10,000 species; they are characterized by the fact that their ascocarp or perithecium is a more or less flask-shaped organ opening by a narrow pore, the ostiole, and containing a hymenium spread in a regular manner over the floor and lower part ofthesides (fig. 100). It thus differs from the perithecium of the higher Plectascales where the asci are irregularly scat- tered, and from that of the Erysiphales where, except in the flattened perithecium of the Microthyriaceae, an ostiole is Stock Photo

RMRDTNFP–. Fungi, ascomycetes, ustilaginales, uredinales. Fungi. CHAPTER V PYRENOMYCETES The Pyrenomycetes include some 10,000 species; they are characterized by the fact that their ascocarp or perithecium is a more or less flask-shaped organ opening by a narrow pore, the ostiole, and containing a hymenium spread in a regular manner over the floor and lower part ofthesides (fig. 100). It thus differs from the perithecium of the higher Plectascales where the asci are irregularly scat- tered, and from that of the Erysiphales where, except in the flattened perithecium of the Microthyriaceae, an ostiole is

. The fungi which cause plant disease . Plant diseases; Fungi. THE FUNGI WHICH CAUSE PLANT DISEASE 201 M. stysanophora Mat. is said to be an ascigerous stage of Dematophora glonierata, cf. p. 230, so injurious to the grape. Nectria Fries (p. 197) Stroma absent or tubercular, fleshy, bright colored; perithecia single, or gregarious, on or in the stroma or among cottony hyphae, globose or ovate, walls fleshy, yellow, red or brown, smooth or hairy; ostiole papillate or not; asci cylindric or clavate, 8-spored; spores elongate blunt or pointed, hyaline, rarely red, 2-celled, form- ing conidia in t Stock Photo

RMPG4GC3–. The fungi which cause plant disease . Plant diseases; Fungi. THE FUNGI WHICH CAUSE PLANT DISEASE 201 M. stysanophora Mat. is said to be an ascigerous stage of Dematophora glonierata, cf. p. 230, so injurious to the grape. Nectria Fries (p. 197) Stroma absent or tubercular, fleshy, bright colored; perithecia single, or gregarious, on or in the stroma or among cottony hyphae, globose or ovate, walls fleshy, yellow, red or brown, smooth or hairy; ostiole papillate or not; asci cylindric or clavate, 8-spored; spores elongate blunt or pointed, hyaline, rarely red, 2-celled, form- ing conidia in t

. Fungi, ascomycetes, ustilaginales, uredinales. Fungi. V] SPHAERIALES i6i Pleosporaceae The Pleosporaceae are saprophytes or in a few cases parasites, for the most part on seed plants but in some cases on Pteridophyta, Bryophyta or Lichens. The perithecia are immersed in the substratum, the ostiole only projecting, but they may become more or less exposed by the rupture of the covering tissues. The peridium is leathery or membranous. The genus Pleospora includes some 225 species, several of which occur on grains and other grasses where they show biological specialization. Pleospora herbarum i Stock Photo

RMRDTNA1–. Fungi, ascomycetes, ustilaginales, uredinales. Fungi. V] SPHAERIALES i6i Pleosporaceae The Pleosporaceae are saprophytes or in a few cases parasites, for the most part on seed plants but in some cases on Pteridophyta, Bryophyta or Lichens. The perithecia are immersed in the substratum, the ostiole only projecting, but they may become more or less exposed by the rupture of the covering tissues. The peridium is leathery or membranous. The genus Pleospora includes some 225 species, several of which occur on grains and other grasses where they show biological specialization. Pleospora herbarum i

. Chestnut blight. Chestnut blight; Chestnut. Fig. 84.â Cross section (diagrammatic) of a mature pycnidium under the cork layer; ostiole not shown. After Heald ,Â«Â«:â¢..â .â â ;:,.;.:.â ;â¢.â .â â¢â â â â. Fig. 85.â Cross section (diagrammatic) of a stroma, showing mature perithecia. After Heald. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. 1906-1960 Stock Photo

RMPG14ME–. Chestnut blight. Chestnut blight; Chestnut. Fig. 84.â Cross section (diagrammatic) of a mature pycnidium under the cork layer; ostiole not shown. After Heald ,Â«Â«:â¢..â .â â ;:,.;.:.â ;â¢.â .â â¢â â â â. Fig. 85.â Cross section (diagrammatic) of a stroma, showing mature perithecia. After Heald. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. 1906-1960

RMRDCRYR–. Comparative morphology and biology of the fungi, mycetozoa and bacteria . Plant morphology; Fungi; Myxomycetes; Bacteriology. 2l6 DIVISION II.—COURSE OF DEVELOPMENT OF FUNGI. no longer be recognised, so that the perithecium in the mature state is broadly ovoido-conical with an indistinct ostiole. The wall is formed of three or four layers of not much thickened elongated cells. Phyllachora TJlmi appears to show similarity to the process here described. II. The club-shaped stroma of Xylariapolymorpha (Fig. 103) consists in the young state, according to my earlier observations, of a white medul

. The fungi which cause plant disease . Plant diseases; Fungi. THE FUNGI WHICH CAUSE PLANT DISEASE 259 L. tazicola R. K. on Taxus canadensis; L. vagabunda Sacc. spots linden branches. Its conidial form is perhaps Phoma tilisB.^'' Ophiobolus Riess (p. 252) Perithecia scattered, subglobose, submembranous, covered or suberumpent, ostiole papillate or elongate; asci cylindric; spores fusiform, hyaline or yellowish.. Fig. 190. —Ophio- bolus. B, ascus; C, spore. After Lindau and Win- ter. Fig. 191.— Pleospora from passion-fruit. The spores are just beginning to ger- minate, the end cells start- ing Stock Photo

RMPG46CD–. The fungi which cause plant disease . Plant diseases; Fungi. THE FUNGI WHICH CAUSE PLANT DISEASE 259 L. tazicola R. K. on Taxus canadensis; L. vagabunda Sacc. spots linden branches. Its conidial form is perhaps Phoma tilisB.^'' Ophiobolus Riess (p. 252) Perithecia scattered, subglobose, submembranous, covered or suberumpent, ostiole papillate or elongate; asci cylindric; spores fusiform, hyaline or yellowish.. Fig. 190. —Ophio- bolus. B, ascus; C, spore. After Lindau and Win- ter. Fig. 191.— Pleospora from passion-fruit. The spores are just beginning to ger- minate, the end cells start- ing

. A handbook of cryptogamic botany. Cryptogams. 234 ALGJE the conceptacle. The outer layer of the double wall of the oogone bursts, the inner layer still continuing to enclose the oospheres jn a thin bladder-like membrane. In this form they escape from the conceptacle through the ostiole into the surrounding water, where the remaining membrane is also absorbed. In the meantime the antherids have become detached, the inner layer of the double cell-wall having burst through the outer layer, and collect in large numbers before the ostiole of the female or of the bisexual conceptacles, forming ora Stock Photo

RMRE1XKH–. A handbook of cryptogamic botany. Cryptogams. 234 ALGJE the conceptacle. The outer layer of the double wall of the oogone bursts, the inner layer still continuing to enclose the oospheres jn a thin bladder-like membrane. In this form they escape from the conceptacle through the ostiole into the surrounding water, where the remaining membrane is also absorbed. In the meantime the antherids have become detached, the inner layer of the double cell-wall having burst through the outer layer, and collect in large numbers before the ostiole of the female or of the bisexual conceptacles, forming ora

. The fungi which cause plant disease . Plant diseases; Fungi. 204 THE FUNGI WHICH CAUSE PLANT DISEASE Germ tubes from ascospores or conidia enter the cortex and develop a rich mycelimn in the sieve tubes and soft host. This advances most rapidly during the dormant period of the bast. White or yellow stromata the size of a pin- head appear and bear numerous conidia. Later come the red perithecia whose ascospores ripen in winter or spring. N. ribis (Tode) Rab. Fig. 144.—n. ipo- Cespitose, Stroma compact; perithecia sub- of perithecia. globose, smooth; ostiole papillate; asci subclavate, After H Stock Photo

RMPG4GBB–. The fungi which cause plant disease . Plant diseases; Fungi. 204 THE FUNGI WHICH CAUSE PLANT DISEASE Germ tubes from ascospores or conidia enter the cortex and develop a rich mycelimn in the sieve tubes and soft host. This advances most rapidly during the dormant period of the bast. White or yellow stromata the size of a pin- head appear and bear numerous conidia. Later come the red perithecia whose ascospores ripen in winter or spring. N. ribis (Tode) Rab. Fig. 144.—n. ipo- Cespitose, Stroma compact; perithecia sub- of perithecia. globose, smooth; ostiole papillate; asci subclavate, After H

. Fungi, ascomycetes, ustilaginales, uredinales. Fungi. 102 PYRENOMYCETES [CH. Leptosphaeria includes some 500 species characterized by the papillate or conical ostiole, usually free from hairs. The majority are saprophytes on plant remains, some are parasites on land plants, and some on the Red Algae. L. Lemaneae occurs on the thalliis of various species oi Lemanea {?ig. 121). The mycelium consists of uninucleate cells and ramifies in the intercellular spaces of the host, sending branched haustoria into the cells. Here and there the hyphae are dilated (fig. 122 a, b), and in these regions sho Stock Photo

RMRDTN9R–. Fungi, ascomycetes, ustilaginales, uredinales. Fungi. 102 PYRENOMYCETES [CH. Leptosphaeria includes some 500 species characterized by the papillate or conical ostiole, usually free from hairs. The majority are saprophytes on plant remains, some are parasites on land plants, and some on the Red Algae. L. Lemaneae occurs on the thalliis of various species oi Lemanea {?ig. 121). The mycelium consists of uninucleate cells and ramifies in the intercellular spaces of the host, sending branched haustoria into the cells. Here and there the hyphae are dilated (fig. 122 a, b), and in these regions sho

. The fungi which cause plant disease . Plant diseases; Fungi. THE FUNGI WHICH CAUSE PLANT DISEASE 229 Acanthostigma de Notarjs (p. 226) Perithecia free, globose or ovate, very small; walls leathery, black, beset with stiff bristles, ostiole short; asci usually cylindric, rarely ovate, 8-spored; spores spindle-shaped, multicellular by cross walls, hyaline; paraphyses few or none. There are some thirty species, mostly saprophytes. A. parasiticum (Hart.) Sacc.'*'"''* Perithecia globose, minute, with rigid divergent hairs, 0.1-0.25 mm. in diameter; asci 50 n long, early disappearing; spores Stock Photo

RMPG4G6P–. The fungi which cause plant disease . Plant diseases; Fungi. THE FUNGI WHICH CAUSE PLANT DISEASE 229 Acanthostigma de Notarjs (p. 226) Perithecia free, globose or ovate, very small; walls leathery, black, beset with stiff bristles, ostiole short; asci usually cylindric, rarely ovate, 8-spored; spores spindle-shaped, multicellular by cross walls, hyaline; paraphyses few or none. There are some thirty species, mostly saprophytes. A. parasiticum (Hart.) Sacc.'*'"''* Perithecia globose, minute, with rigid divergent hairs, 0.1-0.25 mm. in diameter; asci 50 n long, early disappearing; spores

. Fungi, ascomycetes, ustilaginales, uredinales. Fungi. Fig. 169. Gymnosporan^tt-m clavariaefornie Rees; development of spermatia, x 1185; after Blackman. simpler forms, such as Phragmidium, the spermogonium is indefinite in extent, and consists of spermatial hyphae arranged beneath the cuticle, which is perforated in the centre of the mass to form an ostiole. No regular para- physes are produced but a few spermatial hyphae may elongate and project as sterile threads (fig. 168 a). The spermatial hypha is a long, narrow cell with a central elongated nucleus. It is furnished at its free end with Stock Photo

RMRDX0PE–. Fungi, ascomycetes, ustilaginales, uredinales. Fungi. Fig. 169. Gymnosporan^tt-m clavariaefornie Rees; development of spermatia, x 1185; after Blackman. simpler forms, such as Phragmidium, the spermogonium is indefinite in extent, and consists of spermatial hyphae arranged beneath the cuticle, which is perforated in the centre of the mass to form an ostiole. No regular para- physes are produced but a few spermatial hyphae may elongate and project as sterile threads (fig. 168 a). The spermatial hypha is a long, narrow cell with a central elongated nucleus. It is furnished at its free end with

. The fungi which cause plant disease . Plant diseases; Fungi. 278 THE FUNGI WHICH CAUSE PLANT DISEASE Spores muriform Stroma e£Fused Spores hyaline 8. Thyridella. Spores colored 9. Thyridium. Stroma none or pulvinate 10. Fenestella. Valsa Fries (p. 277) Perithecia on a more or less definite stroma, immersed, the ostiole erumpent, black, firm; asci globose to cylindric, often long-pedunculate; spores 1-celled, rarely 2-celled, cylindric, rounded, hya- line or light-brown; pa- raphyses none. V. leucostoma (Pers.). Fr, 12, 229, 280 Fig. 207 -Valsa. A, habit sketch; B, perithecia; C asci. After T Stock Photo

RMPG469N–. The fungi which cause plant disease . Plant diseases; Fungi. 278 THE FUNGI WHICH CAUSE PLANT DISEASE Spores muriform Stroma e£Fused Spores hyaline 8. Thyridella. Spores colored 9. Thyridium. Stroma none or pulvinate 10. Fenestella. Valsa Fries (p. 277) Perithecia on a more or less definite stroma, immersed, the ostiole erumpent, black, firm; asci globose to cylindric, often long-pedunculate; spores 1-celled, rarely 2-celled, cylindric, rounded, hya- line or light-brown; pa- raphyses none. V. leucostoma (Pers.). Fr, 12, 229, 280 Fig. 207 -Valsa. A, habit sketch; B, perithecia; C asci. After T

. A handbook of cryptogamic botany. Cryptogams. ASCOMYCETES 377 He will find there also more information on the development of the sporocarps (both discocarpous and pyrenocarpous) of the types. Fig. 311.—Claviccps purpurea. Tul. A, sclerote which has produced seven stromata.' 'B, upper portion of a stroma in longitudinal section, cp^ peritheces. C, longitudinal section of perithece. cp, ostiole : sh^ cortical tissue ; hy, inner tissue of stroma. Z", ascus isolated. sp, ascospores issuing. (^, natural size, B slightly, C and D highly magnified.) (After Tulasne.) quoted than it is possible Stock Photo

RMRE3CKC–. A handbook of cryptogamic botany. Cryptogams. ASCOMYCETES 377 He will find there also more information on the development of the sporocarps (both discocarpous and pyrenocarpous) of the types. Fig. 311.—Claviccps purpurea. Tul. A, sclerote which has produced seven stromata.' 'B, upper portion of a stroma in longitudinal section, cp^ peritheces. C, longitudinal section of perithece. cp, ostiole : sh^ cortical tissue ; hy, inner tissue of stroma. Z", ascus isolated. sp, ascospores issuing. (^, natural size, B slightly, C and D highly magnified.) (After Tulasne.) quoted than it is possible

. The fungi which cause plant disease . Plant diseases; Fungi. 202 THE FUNGI WHXH CAUSE PLANT DISEASE The majority of economic species belong to the first subgenus. Eunectria (p. 201) N. cinnabarina (Tode) Fr. Stroma erumpent, tubercular, at first pinkish or yellowish-red, darker with age, 1-2 mm. high and broad; perithecia almost glo- bose, the ostiole rather prominent, becoming slightly collapsed, at first bright cinnabar-red, darker with age, granular, 375-400 fi in diameter; asci clavate, 50-90 x 7-12 n; spores mostly 2-seriate, elliptic elongate, ends obtuse, slightly curved, 12-20 x 4r-6 Stock Photo

RMPG4GC0–. The fungi which cause plant disease . Plant diseases; Fungi. 202 THE FUNGI WHXH CAUSE PLANT DISEASE The majority of economic species belong to the first subgenus. Eunectria (p. 201) N. cinnabarina (Tode) Fr. Stroma erumpent, tubercular, at first pinkish or yellowish-red, darker with age, 1-2 mm. high and broad; perithecia almost glo- bose, the ostiole rather prominent, becoming slightly collapsed, at first bright cinnabar-red, darker with age, granular, 375-400 fi in diameter; asci clavate, 50-90 x 7-12 n; spores mostly 2-seriate, elliptic elongate, ends obtuse, slightly curved, 12-20 x 4r-6

. Hawaiian Fungi. Fungi. 66 Bemice P. Bishop Museum—Bulletin On Gouldia coriacea. Kauai: Waimea canyon pipe trail, June 15, 1921, no. 454 and no. 455 (type). The genus presents certain characteristics of both the Polystomellaceae and the Myriangiaceae. The radiate character and the arrangement of. Figure; 13.—Pluriporus gouldiae: a, cross section of the perithecia showing the fungus to be superficial, the asci solitary, and the whole ascogonium to be cov- ered ; b, showing radiate character of the ascogonium; c, asci and spores; d, spores seen through the ostiole; e, showing structure of the o Stock Photo

RMRPY269–. Hawaiian Fungi. Fungi. 66 Bemice P. Bishop Museum—Bulletin On Gouldia coriacea. Kauai: Waimea canyon pipe trail, June 15, 1921, no. 454 and no. 455 (type). The genus presents certain characteristics of both the Polystomellaceae and the Myriangiaceae. The radiate character and the arrangement of. Figure; 13.—Pluriporus gouldiae: a, cross section of the perithecia showing the fungus to be superficial, the asci solitary, and the whole ascogonium to be cov- ered ; b, showing radiate character of the ascogonium; c, asci and spores; d, spores seen through the ostiole; e, showing structure of the o

. The fungi which cause plant disease . Plant diseases; Fungi. THE FUNGI WHICH CAUSE PLANT DISEASE 277 globose, with a short, conical ostiole, walls black, carbonous to leathery; asci cylindric, 8-spored; spores elliptic, continuous, brown, imappendaged; paraphyses usually present. Over one hundred species, chiefly sapro- phytes. A. sullae Montem. occurs as the cause of a leaf spot on sulla.^** Fig. 206.—a. des- A. bohiensis (Hmp.) Speg. is on cacao; Z^g,I'^^ut^^S; A. destruens Sh. on cranberry; spores; 11, germi- Dating spore. After A. coffese Desm. on coffee.™* ^^ Shear. Valsaceae (p. 223) S Stock Photo

RMPG46A0–. The fungi which cause plant disease . Plant diseases; Fungi. THE FUNGI WHICH CAUSE PLANT DISEASE 277 globose, with a short, conical ostiole, walls black, carbonous to leathery; asci cylindric, 8-spored; spores elliptic, continuous, brown, imappendaged; paraphyses usually present. Over one hundred species, chiefly sapro- phytes. A. sullae Montem. occurs as the cause of a leaf spot on sulla.^** Fig. 206.—a. des- A. bohiensis (Hmp.) Speg. is on cacao; Z^g,I'^^ut^^S; A. destruens Sh. on cranberry; spores; 11, germi- Dating spore. After A. coffese Desm. on coffee.™* ^^ Shear. Valsaceae (p. 223) S

RMRDDARM–. The fungi which cause plant disease . Plant diseases; Fungi. 282 THE FUNGI WHICH CAUSE PLANT DISEASE Calosphseria. Tulasne (p. 281) Perithecia astromate, free or on the inner bark, scattered or clustered, ostiole more or less elongate; asci clavate, fasciculate; spores small, cylindric, curved, hyaline, continuous; paraphyses longer than the asci, stout lanceolate, evanescent. About thirty-five species chiefly saprophytes. C. princeps Tul. Perithecia on the inner bark in orbicular or elliptic groups, gen- erally densely crowded, globose, smooth and shining, necks long. Fig. 210.—Crypto- spor

. The fungi which cause plant disease . Plant diseases; Fungi. 246 THE FUNGI WHICH CAUSE PLANT DISEASE. FiQ. 180.—M. sentina, Septona stage. Portion of a section through a pear leaf spot, showing e, e, epidermis; p, pali- sade cells sp, spongy parenchyma; o, S. piricola pycnidium, giving out spores, b. After Longyear. M. sentina (Fr.) Schr. Perithecia, 80-110 /i; on dead spots of leaves, the long ostiole erumpent; asci clavate, 60-75 x 11-13 fi, colorless; spores fusiform, curved or straight, 26-33 x Conidia (=Septoria piricola) borne in pycnidia which are similar in size and form to the perit Stock Photo

RMPG46EM–. The fungi which cause plant disease . Plant diseases; Fungi. 246 THE FUNGI WHICH CAUSE PLANT DISEASE. FiQ. 180.—M. sentina, Septona stage. Portion of a section through a pear leaf spot, showing e, e, epidermis; p, pali- sade cells sp, spongy parenchyma; o, S. piricola pycnidium, giving out spores, b. After Longyear. M. sentina (Fr.) Schr. Perithecia, 80-110 /i; on dead spots of leaves, the long ostiole erumpent; asci clavate, 60-75 x 11-13 fi, colorless; spores fusiform, curved or straight, 26-33 x Conidia (=Septoria piricola) borne in pycnidia which are similar in size and form to the perit

RMRDDBEF–. The fungi which cause plant disease . Plant diseases; Fungi. 228 THE FUNGI WHICH CAUSE PLANT DISEASE Trichosphaeria Fuckel (p. 226) Perithecia usually free, globose, woody or carbonous, hairy, ostiole flat or papillate; asci-cylindric, 8-spored; spores 1 to 2-celled, hyaline; paraphyses present. There are some forty species, mainly saprophytes. T. sacchari Mass.^"- ^^ Perithecia broadly ovate, dark-brown, beset with brown hairs; spores elongate-ellipsoid, 1-celled; the conidial forms are various. Fig. 162.—^Trichosphseria. E, habit sketch; G, conidial stage. After Lindau, Winter and Bre

. The fungi which cause plant disease . Plant diseases; Fungi. Fig. 186.—Didymella. A, ascus; B, hymenium of a pycnidium. After Brefeld. Fig. 187. — Didyipo- sphxria. C, an as- cus; D, con idio- phore and conidia. After Brefeld. Fig. 188. —Dflo- p h 1 a gramiiiis. J, ascus; K, spore. After Winter. D. sphaeroides (Pers.) Fr. is on Populus leaves in Europe. D. catalpse.'^^ Perithecia very small, scattered, embedded in the tissue of the leaf, pyriform to nearly spherical, varying in width from 48-104 n and in depth from 64^140 ii; ostiole broadly conical, erumpent; asci 8-spored, cylindrical, usu Stock Photo

RMPG46D9–. The fungi which cause plant disease . Plant diseases; Fungi. Fig. 186.—Didymella. A, ascus; B, hymenium of a pycnidium. After Brefeld. Fig. 187. — Didyipo- sphxria. C, an as- cus; D, con idio- phore and conidia. After Brefeld. Fig. 188. —Dflo- p h 1 a gramiiiis. J, ascus; K, spore. After Winter. D. sphaeroides (Pers.) Fr. is on Populus leaves in Europe. D. catalpse.'^^ Perithecia very small, scattered, embedded in the tissue of the leaf, pyriform to nearly spherical, varying in width from 48-104 n and in depth from 64^140 ii; ostiole broadly conical, erumpent; asci 8-spored, cylindrical, usu

RMRDDBHY–. The fungi which cause plant disease . Plant diseases; Fungi. 212 THE FUNGI WHICH CAUSE PLANT DISEASE usually knot-like head; perithecia closely scattered, sunken in the stroma with only the ostiole protruding, flask-shaped, the walls scarcely distinguishable from the stroma; asci cylindric, il^2«* e. Fig. 152.—C. purpurea. D, Sphacelia stage; E, germinated sclerotia; G, sec- tion of stroma; H, section of a perithecium; J, ascus with spores. After Tulasne. 8-spored; spores hyaline, continuous. Some twelve or fifteen species are recorded all affecting the ovaries of the Gramineae. C. purpurea

RMRDE5DW–. The fungi which cause plant disease . Plant diseases; Fungi. THE FUNGI WHICH CAUSE PLANT DISEASE 485 P. tabifica Prill is perhaps identical with Myeosphserella tabifica, though Potebnia" questions this. See p. 247. P. maculiformis (Pers.) Sacc. on chestnut =Mycosph£erella maculiformis. See p. 249. P. soUtaria E. & E.^-« Perithecia minute, immersed, the ostiole only erumpent; conidia broadly elliptic, 8-10 x 5-6 m, surrounded by a mucilaginous sheath. It is the cause of apple fruit blotch and of cankers and leaf spots. On the fruit it was first reported by Clinton ^ in 1902. The frui

RMRDDBMH–. The fungi which cause plant disease . Plant diseases; Fungi. THE FUNGI WHICH CAUSE PLANT DISEASE 201 M. stysanophora Mat. is said to be an ascigerous stage of Dematophora glonierata, cf. p. 230, so injurious to the grape. Nectria Fries (p. 197) Stroma absent or tubercular, fleshy, bright colored; perithecia single, or gregarious, on or in the stroma or among cottony hyphae, globose or ovate, walls fleshy, yellow, red or brown, smooth or hairy; ostiole papillate or not; asci cylindric or clavate, 8-spored; spores elongate blunt or pointed, hyaline, rarely red, 2-celled, form- ing conidia in t

RMRDDBBF–. The fungi which cause plant disease . Plant diseases; Fungi. THE FUNGI WHICH CAUSE PLANT DISEASE 233 Hedgcock >" who recognizes several species as discoloring lumber. C. pilifera (Fr.) Wint." has been described in detail by von Schrenk as the cause of a blue color in pine wood."' Cyanospora Heald & Wolf (p. 232) Perithecia solitary or in clusters of two or three on stromatic nodules, immersed, horizontal; ostiole lateral, neck short; asci. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - colorat

RMRDDBE9–. The fungi which cause plant disease . Plant diseases; Fungi. THE FUNGI WHICH CAUSE PLANT DISEASE 229 Acanthostigma de Notarjs (p. 226) Perithecia free, globose or ovate, very small; walls leathery, black, beset with stiff bristles, ostiole short; asci usually cylindric, rarely ovate, 8-spored; spores spindle-shaped, multicellular by cross walls, hyaline; paraphyses few or none. There are some thirty species, mostly saprophytes. A. parasiticum (Hart.) Sacc.'*'"''* Perithecia globose, minute, with rigid divergent hairs, 0.1-0.25 mm. in diameter; asci 50 n long, early disappearing; spores

RMRDDBM1–. The fungi which cause plant disease . Plant diseases; Fungi. 204 THE FUNGI WHICH CAUSE PLANT DISEASE Germ tubes from ascospores or conidia enter the cortex and develop a rich mycelimn in the sieve tubes and soft host. This advances most rapidly during the dormant period of the bast. White or yellow stromata the size of a pin- head appear and bear numerous conidia. Later come the red perithecia whose ascospores ripen in winter or spring. N. ribis (Tode) Rab. Fig. 144.—n. ipo- Cespitose, Stroma compact; perithecia sub- of perithecia. globose, smooth; ostiole papillate; asci subclavate, After H

RMRDDAYX–. The fungi which cause plant disease . Plant diseases; Fungi. THE FUNGI WHICH CAUSE PLANT DISEASE 259 L. tazicola R. K. on Taxus canadensis; L. vagabunda Sacc. spots linden branches. Its conidial form is perhaps Phoma tilisB.^'' Ophiobolus Riess (p. 252) Perithecia scattered, subglobose, submembranous, covered or suberumpent, ostiole papillate or elongate; asci cylindric; spores fusiform, hyaline or yellowish.. Fig. 190. —Ophio- bolus. B, ascus; C, spore. After Lindau and Win- ter. Fig. 191.— Pleospora from passion-fruit. The spores are just beginning to ger- minate, the end cells start- ing

. Lichens. Lichens. 196 REPRODUCTION In size they vary from such minute bodies as those in Parmelia exasperata which measure 25-35 A'' i" diam., up to nearly i mm. in Lobaria laetevirens. As a rule, they range from about 150/i to 400 yu, across the widest part, and are generally rather longer than broad. They open above by a small slit or pore called the ostiole about 20 yii to 100 /x wide which is frequently dark in colour. In one in- stance, in Icmadophila aeruginosa, Nien- burg' has described a spermogonium with a wide opening, the spermatiophores being massed in palisade formation alo Stock Photo

RMRDX2YP–. Lichens. Lichens. 196 REPRODUCTION In size they vary from such minute bodies as those in Parmelia exasperata which measure 25-35 A'' i" diam., up to nearly i mm. in Lobaria laetevirens. As a rule, they range from about 150/i to 400 yu, across the widest part, and are generally rather longer than broad. They open above by a small slit or pore called the ostiole about 20 yii to 100 /x wide which is frequently dark in colour. In one in- stance, in Icmadophila aeruginosa, Nien- burg' has described a spermogonium with a wide opening, the spermatiophores being massed in palisade formation alo

. Hawaiian Fungi. Fungi. Stevens—Hawaiian Fungi 85 61. ENTHALLOPYCNIDIUM Stevens n. gen. Thallus that of the Trichopeltaceae. Pycnidia only known. Pycnio- spores 1-celled, linear, hyaline. No. 124. Enthallopycnidium gouldiae Stevens n. sp. Thalli 1-3 mm. in diameter, almost circular, consisting of a complex plate result- ing from the coalescence of branch thalli; cells usually short (6/^). Pycnidia small (40a*) to large (90a*). Ostiole as in Trichopeltis. Spores linear, hyaline, i-celled, 7-7.5 by 111. (See fig. 18, a.) On Gouldia sp. Hawaii: Hamakua, upper ditch trail, July 31, no. 1073a. In Stock Photo

RMRPY1RP–. Hawaiian Fungi. Fungi. Stevens—Hawaiian Fungi 85 61. ENTHALLOPYCNIDIUM Stevens n. gen. Thallus that of the Trichopeltaceae. Pycnidia only known. Pycnio- spores 1-celled, linear, hyaline. No. 124. Enthallopycnidium gouldiae Stevens n. sp. Thalli 1-3 mm. in diameter, almost circular, consisting of a complex plate result- ing from the coalescence of branch thalli; cells usually short (6/^). Pycnidia small (40a*) to large (90a*). Ostiole as in Trichopeltis. Spores linear, hyaline, i-celled, 7-7.5 by 111. (See fig. 18, a.) On Gouldia sp. Hawaii: Hamakua, upper ditch trail, July 31, no. 1073a. In

. Hawaiian Fungi. Fungi. 92 Bernice P. Bishop Museum—Bulletin thalli, ostiolate, setose around the ostiole, 46-92 m in diameter. Perithecial setae few, about 30/* long, acute, black. Asci and spores not seen with certainty; spores probably 2-celled, dark, 11 by 3.5 A*. On Rubtis hawaiiensis. Maui: Olinda pipeline, Sept. 5, no. n38; Pogue's ditch trail, Sept. 6, no. 1155.. Figure:22.—Anomothallus erraticus (No.'1155) on Rubus, showing cell arrangements and a setose perithecium (/>). This very remarkable fungus was found only on the one species of Rubus, though other species of Rubus in the n Stock Photo

RMRPY1CN–. Hawaiian Fungi. Fungi. 92 Bernice P. Bishop Museum—Bulletin thalli, ostiolate, setose around the ostiole, 46-92 m in diameter. Perithecial setae few, about 30/* long, acute, black. Asci and spores not seen with certainty; spores probably 2-celled, dark, 11 by 3.5 A*. On Rubtis hawaiiensis. Maui: Olinda pipeline, Sept. 5, no. n38; Pogue's ditch trail, Sept. 6, no. 1155.. Figure:22.—Anomothallus erraticus (No.'1155) on Rubus, showing cell arrangements and a setose perithecium (/>). This very remarkable fungus was found only on the one species of Rubus, though other species of Rubus in the n

RMRDDATB–. The fungi which cause plant disease . Plant diseases; Fungi. 278 THE FUNGI WHICH CAUSE PLANT DISEASE Spores muriform Stroma e£Fused Spores hyaline 8. Thyridella. Spores colored 9. Thyridium. Stroma none or pulvinate 10. Fenestella. Valsa Fries (p. 277) Perithecia on a more or less definite stroma, immersed, the ostiole erumpent, black, firm; asci globose to cylindric, often long-pedunculate; spores 1-celled, rarely 2-celled, cylindric, rounded, hya- line or light-brown; pa- raphyses none. V. leucostoma (Pers.). Fr, 12, 229, 280 Fig. 207 -Valsa. A, habit sketch; B, perithecia; C asci. After T

RMRDDAW2–. The fungi which cause plant disease . Plant diseases; Fungi. THE FUNGI WHICH CAUSE PLANT DISEASE 277 globose, with a short, conical ostiole, walls black, carbonous to leathery; asci cylindric, 8-spored; spores elliptic, continuous, brown, imappendaged; paraphyses usually present. Over one hundred species, chiefly sapro- phytes. A. sullae Montem. occurs as the cause of a leaf spot on sulla.^** Fig. 206.—a. des- A. bohiensis (Hmp.) Speg. is on cacao; Z^g,I'^^ut^^S; A. destruens Sh. on cranberry; spores; 11, germi- Dating spore. After A. coffese Desm. on coffee.™* ^^ Shear. Valsaceae (p. 223) S

$. Hawaiian Fungi. Fungi. 88 Bernice P. Bishop Museum—Bulletin 63. MICROTHYRIELLA v. Hohn. Fragments zur Mykologie no. 6. Sitz. d. kais. Ak. d. wiss. Wien. Math.-nat. KL Ab. i, vol. 118, p. 371, 1909 No. 126. Microthyriella hibisci Stevens n. sp. Fungus epiphyllus. Perithecia numerous, roughly concentrically arranged, irregu- larly circular, usually 140-170^ in diameter, with a distinct ostiole about 20 p in diameter, which has a slightly dark border. Covering membrane brown, pseudo- parenchymatous, composed of irregularly angular, mostly 5-sided cells, about 3-5 ^ large. Edge irregular; center Stock Photo$

RMRPY1P9–. Hawaiian Fungi. Fungi. 88 Bernice P. Bishop Museum—Bulletin 63. MICROTHYRIELLA v. Hohn. Fragments zur Mykologie no. 6. Sitz. d. kais. Ak. d. wiss. Wien. Math.-nat. KL Ab. i, vol. 118, p. 371, 1909 No. 126. Microthyriella hibisci Stevens n. sp. Fungus epiphyllus. Perithecia numerous, roughly concentrically arranged, irregu- larly circular, usually 140-170^ in diameter, with a distinct ostiole about 20 p in diameter, which has a slightly dark border. Covering membrane brown, pseudo- parenchymatous, composed of irregularly angular, mostly 5-sided cells, about 3-5 ^ large. Edge irregular; center

RMRDDBM9–. The fungi which cause plant disease . Plant diseases; Fungi. 202 THE FUNGI WHXH CAUSE PLANT DISEASE The majority of economic species belong to the first subgenus. Eunectria (p. 201) N. cinnabarina (Tode) Fr. Stroma erumpent, tubercular, at first pinkish or yellowish-red, darker with age, 1-2 mm. high and broad; perithecia almost glo- bose, the ostiole rather prominent, becoming slightly collapsed, at first bright cinnabar-red, darker with age, granular, 375-400 fi in diameter; asci clavate, 50-90 x 7-12 n; spores mostly 2-seriate, elliptic elongate, ends obtuse, slightly curved, 12-20 x 4r-6

. Hawaiian Fungi. Fungi. Stevens—Hawaiian Fungi 99 No. 143. Lageniforma bambusae Plunkett n. sp. Perithecia without a stroma, borne singly or in groups of two or three, sunken in the host tissue and connecting to the outside by a long rostrum, globose or usually slightly flattened at the bottom, black, coriaceous, ostiole protruding, 320-420 by 560-670^ perithecial wall 20-25 thick; asci thin-walled, minute, clavate, stalked, 8-spored, 18-20 by 4-5^; spores allantoid, hyaline, i-celled, 4-5 by m. (See figs. 25, 26, a.) Saprophytic on stems of Bambusa. Kauai: Kalalau trail, June 21, no. 489.. o Stock Photo

RMRPY1A7–. Hawaiian Fungi. Fungi. Stevens—Hawaiian Fungi 99 No. 143. Lageniforma bambusae Plunkett n. sp. Perithecia without a stroma, borne singly or in groups of two or three, sunken in the host tissue and connecting to the outside by a long rostrum, globose or usually slightly flattened at the bottom, black, coriaceous, ostiole protruding, 320-420 by 560-670^ perithecial wall 20-25 thick; asci thin-walled, minute, clavate, stalked, 8-spored, 18-20 by 4-5^; spores allantoid, hyaline, i-celled, 4-5 by m. (See figs. 25, 26, a.) Saprophytic on stems of Bambusa. Kauai: Kalalau trail, June 21, no. 489.. o

RMRDDB0W–. The fungi which cause plant disease . Plant diseases; Fungi. Fig. 186.—Didymella. A, ascus; B, hymenium of a pycnidium. After Brefeld. Fig. 187. — Didyipo- sphxria. C, an as- cus; D, con idio- phore and conidia. After Brefeld. Fig. 188. —Dflo- p h 1 a gramiiiis. J, ascus; K, spore. After Winter. D. sphaeroides (Pers.) Fr. is on Populus leaves in Europe. D. catalpse.'^^ Perithecia very small, scattered, embedded in the tissue of the leaf, pyriform to nearly spherical, varying in width from 48-104 n and in depth from 64^140 ii; ostiole broadly conical, erumpent; asci 8-spored, cylindrical, usu

RMRDDB89–. The fungi which cause plant disease . Plant diseases; Fungi. 246 THE FUNGI WHICH CAUSE PLANT DISEASE. FiQ. 180.—M. sentina, Septona stage. Portion of a section through a pear leaf spot, showing e, e, epidermis; p, pali- sade cells sp, spongy parenchyma; o, S. piricola pycnidium, giving out spores, b. After Longyear. M. sentina (Fr.) Schr. Perithecia, 80-110 /i; on dead spots of leaves, the long ostiole erumpent; asci clavate, 60-75 x 11-13 fi, colorless; spores fusiform, curved or straight, 26-33 x Conidia (=Septoria piricola) borne in pycnidia which are similar in size and form to the perit

. Hawaiian Fungi. Fungi. Stevens—Hawaiian Fungi 141 spots gray or white, 0.5-2 mm. in diameter; margin raised, pycnidia epi- phyllous, 35-80[x in diameter; conidia few-septate. 124. RHABDOSPORA Mont, in Fl. Alg. Bot. p. 592. Emend. Sacc. Mich. vol. 2, p. 26, 1880 No. 301. Rhabdospora pittospori Stevens & Young n. sp. Pycnidia numerous, black, 400-800 /* in diameter, ostiole large. Conidia abundant, filiform, hyaline, straight or curved, obtuse, 1 to few-septate, 12-22 by 21*, conidio- phores 15-18 M long. On dead capsules of Pittosporum sp. collected by C. N. Forbes, no. 21. Hawaii: Kona, Stock Photo

RMRPY176–. Hawaiian Fungi. Fungi. Stevens—Hawaiian Fungi 141 spots gray or white, 0.5-2 mm. in diameter; margin raised, pycnidia epi- phyllous, 35-80[x in diameter; conidia few-septate. 124. RHABDOSPORA Mont, in Fl. Alg. Bot. p. 592. Emend. Sacc. Mich. vol. 2, p. 26, 1880 No. 301. Rhabdospora pittospori Stevens & Young n. sp. Pycnidia numerous, black, 400-800 /* in diameter, ostiole large. Conidia abundant, filiform, hyaline, straight or curved, obtuse, 1 to few-septate, 12-22 by 21*, conidio- phores 15-18 M long. On dead capsules of Pittosporum sp. collected by C. N. Forbes, no. 21. Hawaii: Kona,

. A popular history of British lichens [microform] : comprising an account of their structure, reproduction, uses, distribution, and classification. Lichens; Lichens. immersed, row neck, thallus.* and â¬t8os, en Endo- in having cent tha- it resem- diflfers in ostiole, squamu- w black- ) a con- Ostioles Lawers, y. Its !013). gather). 3,1855.. ^â :x7-1dPitfih1ith rii..,eTi', tj. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work Stock Photo

RMREP2KF–. A popular history of British lichens [microform] : comprising an account of their structure, reproduction, uses, distribution, and classification. Lichens; Lichens. immersed, row neck, thallus.* and â¬t8os, en Endo- in having cent tha- it resem- diflfers in ostiole, squamu- w black- ) a con- Ostioles Lawers, y. Its !013). gather). 3,1855.. ^â :x7-1dPitfih1ith rii..,eTi', tj. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work

RMRDFE19–. Chestnut blight. Chestnut blight; Chestnut. Fig. 84.â Cross section (diagrammatic) of a mature pycnidium under the cork layer; ostiole not shown. After Heald ,Â«Â«:â¢..â .â â ;:,.;.:.â ;â¢.â .â â¢â â â â. Fig. 85.â Cross section (diagrammatic) of a stroma, showing mature perithecia. After Heald. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. 1906-1960

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