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Paraphyses Black & White Stock Photos
RMRDXH8A–. Introduction to the study of fungi; their organography, classification, and distribution, for the use of collectors. Fungi. 166 INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY OF FUNGI This group is allied to the Discomyceteae by such genera as Sphaerosoma and Bergrennia, and analogous to the Oastromycetes, especially Scleroderma, through the family of the Hypogeae. The hymenium consists usually of two kinds of organs, which stand side by side, closely packed together; these are the asci and the paraphyses, but the latter are sometimes, although rarely, suppressed. The asci are essentially membranaceous, delicate
RMPG403R–. Comparative morphology and biology of the fungi, mycetozoa and bacteria . Plant morphology; Fungi; Myxomycetes; Bacteriology. 214 DIVISION II.—COURSE OF DEVELOPMENT OF FUNGI. the thallus which is in their way, till at length the space between the excipulum and .the surface of the thallus is filled by an incipient hymenium consisting of paraphyses standing side by side with no gaps between them. The ascogonium has meanwhile at first slowly followed the growth of the excipulum by intercalary growth accompanied by a loosening of the turns of the spiral. As the development proceeds the asco- gen
RMRDXHFA–. Introduction to the study of fungi; their organography, classification, and distribution, for the use of collectors. Fungi. 42 INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY OF FUNGI. usually present, mixed with the basidia but rather larger, and the sterile cells are smaller and almost of the nature of, or analogous to, paraphyses (Fig. 22). De Seynes regards all three forms as modifications of the same organ, i.e. the basidia, of which the spore-bearing are the fertile basidia, the cystidia are hypertrophied basidia, and the sterile cells atrophied basidia. All these cells are continuations and terminations of
RMPG3RR2–. Comparative morphology and biology of the fungi, mycetozoa and bacteria . Plant morphology; Fungi; Myxomycetes; Bacteriology. CHAP. V.—COMPARATIVE REVIEW. —ASCOMTCETES.—ERrSIPBEAE. aOi and in Heospora and Nectria the paraphyses are even fonned from the same group. Hartig's conjecture with regard to Nectria may certainly hold good of Claviceps and also of Epichloe, that special ascogenous initial organs are really present on the very young stroma, but up to the present time have been overlooked; as regards Pleospora we have only Bauke's somewhat imperfect preliminary communication. With the a
RMRDXP2F–. An introduction to the study of seaweeds. Algae. 84 SEAWEEDS angia over the whole surface. He assigns it a place near Scytosiphon, which it resembles in habit. These reasons appear to be inadequate when we remember the slightly differentiated thallus of Adenocystis, for example, and the further fact that within the Laminariaccc there are various degrees of localisation and restriction of sori. Its paraphyses, which are aberrant, are nevertheless in agreement with those of so typical a Laminarian as Saccorhiza. On the whole there appears to be room within the Lami-. Please note that these ima
RMPG2N0P–. Comparative morphology and biology of the fungi, mycetozoa and bacteria . Plant morphology; Fungi; Myxomycetes; Bacteriology. CHAPTER V.—COMPARATIVE REVIEW.—HYMENOMyCETES. 303 the hymenium in Coprinus, while maturing and when mature, is covered with irregularly 3-5 angled prismatic almost isodiametric cells of uniform height aiid with pellucid contents. The much narrower basidia are inserted without interruption between the comers of these paraphyses-cells, alternating therefore with them, and it is only rarely that the corners of two paraphyses meet together (Fig. 139). Other formations occ
RMRE1N97–. College botany; structure, physiology and economics of plants. Botany. THALLOPHYTES—FUNGI 281 highly colored. They ai'ise from saprophytie mycelium and are lined with the upright tubular asci and their paraphyses. Many of them are highly colored and very interesting but of little or no economic importance. The genus Sclerotinia contains a number of parasitic species that are very destructive to agricultural crops. One of the most important is 8. cinerea, which cause the brown rot of the peach. The mycelium grows within the fruit and produces the great mass of chain-like spores on the surface
RMPG4B23–. Botany for agricultural students . Botany. 368 THALLOPHYTES numerous nuclei of the antheridium flow into the trichogyne and pass on into the oogonium where thej- pair and fuse with the numerous nuclei of the oogonium. From the fertilized oogonium, now known as the ascogoniuin, branches called ascogenous hyphae are developed and on the ultimate branches of these are produced the asci. From beneath the ascogonium sterile hyphae (hyphae producing no asci) grow up among the ascoge- nous hj^phae and constitute the paraphyses of the hymenium. Other sterile hyphae form the wall of the cup-shaped pl
RMRDTNFG–. Fungi, ascomycetes, ustilaginales, uredinales. Fungi. I40 PYRENOMYCETES [CH. The Hypocreales, Dothideales and Sphaeriales, have in conjmon more or less pyriform or flask-shaped perithecia; these are sometimes isolated and free, sometimes sunk in the tissue of the host, and sometimes embedded in a stroma or cushion of fungal tissue. The perithecium is lined by delicate filaments, some of which, the periphyses, grow along and partially close the neck, and may protrude through the ostiole, while others (paraphyses) are mingled with the asci in the venter of the fruit. The neck of the peri- thec
RMPG01JC–. The principles of botany, as exemplified in the Cryptogamia. For the use of schools and colleges. Cryptogams; Plant anatomy; 1853. CELLULARES, OE CELLULAR PLANTS. Fig. 31. 75. contains a phytozoon. Surrounding the perfect antheridium, there are abortive filaments or paraphyses p.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Coultas, Harland, d. 1877; Stifle, Cloyd B. sgn. Philadelphia, Lindsay and Blakiston
RMRDCT0Y–. Comparative morphology and biology of the fungi, mycetozoa and bacteria . Plant morphology; Fungi; Myxomycetes; Bacteriology. CHAP. V.—COMPARATIVE REVIEW. —ASCOMTCETES.—ERrSIPBEAE. aOi and in Heospora and Nectria the paraphyses are even fonned from the same group. Hartig's conjecture with regard to Nectria may certainly hold good of Claviceps and also of Epichloe, that special ascogenous initial organs are really present on the very young stroma, but up to the present time have been overlooked; as regards Pleospora we have only Bauke's somewhat imperfect preliminary communication. With the a
RMPG4B32–. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. MELAMPSORA. 367 The patches of Caeoma laricis Hartig.^ appear as golden-yellow cushions on the underside of the needles. The sporophores from which the aecidiospores are abjointed, form the centre of the patch, the periphery being occupied by numerous sterUe threads, which grow out as long paraphyses; it may so happen that the whole cushion consists only of these last. The formation of Gaeoma- patches is preceded by
RMRDCF90–. Comparative morphology and biology of the fungi, mycetozoa and bacteria . Plant morphology; Fungi; Myxomycetes; Bacteriology. CHAPTER V.—COMPARATIVE REVIEW.—HYMENOMyCETES. 303 the hymenium in Coprinus, while maturing and when mature, is covered with irregularly 3-5 angled prismatic almost isodiametric cells of uniform height aiid with pellucid contents. The much narrower basidia are inserted without interruption between the comers of these paraphyses-cells, alternating therefore with them, and it is only rarely that the corners of two paraphyses meet together (Fig. 139). Other formations occ
RMPG459H–. Diseases of economic plants . Plant diseases. Fig. 210. — Russula rubra. Portion of the hymenium. sh. sub-hymenial layer; 6, basidia; s, sterigmata; sp, spores; p, paraphyses; c, a cystici (x 540).. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Stevens, Frank Lincoln, 1871-1934; Hall, John Galentine, 1870-. New York : Macmillan
RMRDCT01–. Comparative morphology and biology of the fungi, mycetozoa and bacteria . Plant morphology; Fungi; Myxomycetes; Bacteriology. 214 DIVISION II.—COURSE OF DEVELOPMENT OF FUNGI. the thallus which is in their way, till at length the space between the excipulum and .the surface of the thallus is filled by an incipient hymenium consisting of paraphyses standing side by side with no gaps between them. The ascogonium has meanwhile at first slowly followed the growth of the excipulum by intercalary growth accompanied by a loosening of the turns of the spiral. As the development proceeds the asco- gen
RMPG4GW4–. The fungi which cause plant disease . Plant diseases; Fungi. THE FUNGI WHICH CAUSE PLANT DISEASE 117 The oogonium after fertilization gives rise to a more or less complicated system of ascogenous hyphae, very simple in the Erysiphaceae, very complex in some Discomycetes, which produces the asci. The sterile parts of the ascocarp, the paraphyses and enveloping structures, arise from parts below the oogonium and antheridium. The very young ascus usually receives two nuclei from the parent strand of the ascogenous hypha. These nuclei unite giving the. Please note that these images are extracted
RMRDTP3D–. Fungi, ascomycetes, ustilaginales, uredinales. Fungi. CHAPTER IV DISCOMYCETES The term Discomycetes is applied to those groups in which the fruit is more or less cup-shaped (fig. 51), with the hymenium fully exposed at maturity, and to their immediate allies. The ascocarp is surrounded by a peridium or sheath of closely interwoven hyphae which is closed at first and later is pushed apart by the paraphyses, so that at last it forms the outer. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance o
RMPG3GF8–. Comparative morphology and biology of the fungi, mycetozoa and bacteria . Plant morphology; Fungi; Myxomycetes; Bacteriology. CHAPTER V.—COMPARATIVE REVIEW.—ASCOMVCETES. 243 his Peziza benesuada (Fig. 115); similar organs occupy the margin of the platter- shaped tube-bearing hymenia of Cenangium Frangulae, Tul. Small round cells incapable of germination, which will be noticed again in a subsequent page, are said by Brefeld * to be sometimes abscised from the ramifications of the paraphyses in Peziza Sclerotiorum. The second place where these doubtful' spermatia' occur is in the pycnidia of c
RMRE1XKM–. A handbook of cryptogamic botany. Cryptogams. FUCACEM 233 are a prolongation of those of which the thallus is composed, and frequently project, through the mouth or ostiole of the conceptacle, into the surrounding water. When infertile these hyphse are known as paranemes or paraphyses. In the male conceptacles they are usually branched, unbranched in the female. Both the barren and fertile con- ceptacles are always first formed in the neighbourhood of the growing point, the cavity originating from the absorption of a row of cells at right angles to the surface. The antherids are produced on
![. Photomicrographs of botanical studies. Photomicrography. Photo/iiicrograplis of Botanical Studies. IS 9.âY.S. Apothecia, Peziza convexula â *** .if ^. Upper concave surface of plant. Ascospores in various S % stages of development. A Paraphyses. Mycelium of fungus. ^T-^v:^, , Sterile tissue. 10.âY.S. Thallus of " Marchantia polymorpha. ". Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Flatters, Milborne & M Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/PG0298/photomicrographs-of-botanical-studies-photomicrography-photoiiicrograplis-of-botanical-studies-is-9ys-apothecia-peziza-convexula-if-upper-concave-surface-of-plant-ascospores-in-various-s-stages-of-development-a-paraphyses-mycelium-of-fungus-t-v-sterile-tissue-10ys-thallus-of-quot-marchantia-polymorpha-quot-please-note-that-these-images-are-extracted-from-scanned-page-images-that-may-have-been-digitally-enhanced-for-readability-coloration-and-appearance-of-these-illustrations-may-not-perfectly-resemble-the-original-work-flatters-milborne-amp-m-PG0298.jpg ". Photomicrographs of botanical studies. Photomicrography. Photo/iiicrograplis of Botanical Studies. IS 9.âY.S. Apothecia, Peziza convexula â *** .if ^. Upper concave surface of plant. Ascospores in various S % stages of development. A Paraphyses. Mycelium of fungus. ^T-^v:^, , Sterile tissue. 10.âY.S. Thallus of " Marchantia polymorpha. ". Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Flatters, Milborne & M Stock Photo")
RMPG0298–. Photomicrographs of botanical studies. Photomicrography. Photo/iiicrograplis of Botanical Studies. IS 9.âY.S. Apothecia, Peziza convexula â *** .if ^. Upper concave surface of plant. Ascospores in various S % stages of development. A Paraphyses. Mycelium of fungus. ^T-^v:^, , Sterile tissue. 10.âY.S. Thallus of " Marchantia polymorpha. ". Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Flatters, Milborne & M
RMRE3CGE–. A handbook of cryptogamic botany. Cryptogams. 394 FUNGI The trama is that portion of the projection which bears the subhyme- nial layer, and consists of hyphae running parallel to the surface from the insertion of the projection to its margin, which in many cases is un- covered by the hymenium. The hymenium itself consists of parallel rows of club-shaped basids surmounted bysterigmata and basidiospores. The basids are the termi- nations of the subhymenial hyphfe, but the latter also frequently end in sterile cells, which are termed paraphyses, frorii the fact that they stand in the same rela
RMPG4BC8–. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. 274: ASCOMYCETKS. glutinous; it consists of small eight-spored asci over which project septate paraphyses, and also non-septate paraphyse-like structures which discharge a brown secretion. The ascospores are unicellular, hyaline, and canoe-shaped; on germination they give off a germ-tube which immediately develops into a septate mycelium. The mycelium is found in the intercellular spaces of the rind-parenchyma, but
RMRDEG2N–. Diseases of economic plants . Plant diseases. Fig. 210. — Russula rubra. Portion of the hymenium. sh. sub-hymenial layer; 6, basidia; s, sterigmata; sp, spores; p, paraphyses; c, a cystici (x 540).. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Stevens, Frank Lincoln, 1871-1934; Hall, John Galentine, 1870-. New York : Macmillan
RMPG4DFE–. The mushroom book. A popular guide to the identification and study of our commoner Fungi, with special emphasis on the edible varieties. Mushrooms; Cookery (Mushrooms); cbk. Asci and paraphyses ORDER TUBERALES—TRUFFLES The order Tuberales contains the truffles, which are subter- ranean fungi, ranging in size from an acorn to a good-sized po- tato. The asci or spore-sacs are formed on the inte- rior of the fungus, the warty truffle itself being called an as- coma, as it contains the asci. Since the time of Pliny and Dioscorides, truffles have been known and esteemed as a table delicacy. Since
RMRDYG4W–. A textbook of botany for colleges and universities ... Botany. THALLOPHYTES SI that the forms with one, two, or four eggs have been derived from those with eight, some of the eggs not developing, but all eight represented by nuclei. Both sperms and eggs are discharged and escape from the conceptacle. Fucus is remarkable, therefore, not only in the produc- tion of eight eggs by the oogonium, but also in the fact that they are discharged before fertilization. The eggs float and are surrounded by. Figs, 132-136. — Fucus: 132, young oogonia among the paraphyses; 133, an older oogonium; 134, oogo
RMPG3WEW–. A monograph of lichens found in Britain; being a descriptive catalogue of the species in the herbarium of the British Museum. Lichens. X500 LBCIDEA (PSORA) LURIDA Ach. a. Plant, b. Portion of thallus and apotheoia. c. Vertical section of thallus. d. Vertical section of apothecivim. c. Aacus and paraphyses. /. Spores.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. British Museum (Natural History). Dept. of Botany; Crombi
![. The ferns of North America [microform] : colored figures and descriptions, with synonymy and geographical distribution, of the ferns (including the ophioglassaceae) of the United States of America and the British North American possessions. Ferns; Fougères. 238 FERNS OF NORTH AMERICA. i« laginous margin. The veins are very numerous and once or twice forked. Fertile fronds iiave narrower pinnre and a con- tinuous whitish erosely denticulate involucre occupying both margins. The sporangia are accompanied by numerous artic- ulated hairs or paraphyses, which Milde says are in place of a true Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/RJ45F4/the-ferns-of-north-america-microform-colored-figures-and-descriptions-with-synonymy-and-geographical-distribution-of-the-ferns-including-the-ophioglassaceae-of-the-united-states-of-america-and-the-british-north-american-possessions-ferns-fougres-238-ferns-of-north-america-i-laginous-margin-the-veins-are-very-numerous-and-once-or-twice-forked-fertile-fronds-iiave-narrower-pinnre-and-a-con-tinuous-whitish-erosely-denticulate-involucre-occupying-both-margins-the-sporangia-are-accompanied-by-numerous-artic-ulated-hairs-or-paraphyses-which-milde-says-are-in-place-of-a-true-RJ45F4.jpg ". The ferns of North America [microform] : colored figures and descriptions, with synonymy and geographical distribution, of the ferns (including the ophioglassaceae) of the United States of America and the British North American possessions. Ferns; Fougères. 238 FERNS OF NORTH AMERICA. i« laginous margin. The veins are very numerous and once or twice forked. Fertile fronds iiave narrower pinnre and a con- tinuous whitish erosely denticulate involucre occupying both margins. The sporangia are accompanied by numerous artic- ulated hairs or paraphyses, which Milde says are in place of a true Stock Photo")
RMRJ45F4–. The ferns of North America [microform] : colored figures and descriptions, with synonymy and geographical distribution, of the ferns (including the ophioglassaceae) of the United States of America and the British North American possessions. Ferns; Fougères. 238 FERNS OF NORTH AMERICA. i« laginous margin. The veins are very numerous and once or twice forked. Fertile fronds iiave narrower pinnre and a con- tinuous whitish erosely denticulate involucre occupying both margins. The sporangia are accompanied by numerous artic- ulated hairs or paraphyses, which Milde says are in place of a true
RMPG3WBM–. A monograph of lichens found in Britain; being a descriptive catalogue of the species in the herbarium of the British Museum. Lichens. Plate 15. JUITZdCJARPON OBSCLIRATUM Massal. n. Pliint uu rook. '). Portion of tliallus and apothecia. c. Vertical section of apothociam. cL Ascus and paraphyses. e. Spores.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. British Museum (Natural History). Dept. of Botany; Crombie, James Mo
RMRDD7KX–. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. MELAMPSORA. 367 The patches of Caeoma laricis Hartig.^ appear as golden-yellow cushions on the underside of the needles. The sporophores from which the aecidiospores are abjointed, form the centre of the patch, the periphery being occupied by numerous sterUe threads, which grow out as long paraphyses; it may so happen that the whole cushion consists only of these last. The formation of Gaeoma- patches is preceded by
RMPG3YR4–. Fungous diseases of plants : with chapters on physiology, culture methods and technique . Fungi in agriculture. 208 FUNGOUS DISEASES OF PLANTS the outset the apothecium is closed, but opens by a circular or transverse split, and the edges are often torn or bent back as distinct lips or lobes. The apothecia are usually tough and leathery. The asci and paraphyses form a very closely adherent layer, in which the paraphyses overlap above the summit of the asci, forming a rather definite epithecium. Rhytisma is the only genus which is here of importance. XVI. THE BLACK SPOT OF MAPLE Rhytisma Acer
RMRDE6N6–. The fungi which cause plant disease . Plant diseases; Fungi. THE FUNGI WHICH CAUSE PLANT DISEASE 117 The oogonium after fertilization gives rise to a more or less complicated system of ascogenous hyphae, very simple in the Erysiphaceae, very complex in some Discomycetes, which produces the asci. The sterile parts of the ascocarp, the paraphyses and enveloping structures, arise from parts below the oogonium and antheridium. The very young ascus usually receives two nuclei from the parent strand of the ascogenous hypha. These nuclei unite giving the. Please note that these images are extracted
RMPG21Y7–. A monograph of lichens found in Britain; being a descriptive catalogue of the species in the herbarium of the British Museum. Lichens. r'' ^^ X 1200 , Jx (;oo. ' X 600 LEPTORHAPHIS EPIDERMIDIS Th. Fr. a. Whole plant, b. Portion of tballus and perithecia. c. Vertical section of thallus, d. Vertical section of perithecium. c. Ascus and paraphyses. /. Spores.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. British Museum
RMRDCYCR–. Botany for agricultural students . Botany. 368 THALLOPHYTES numerous nuclei of the antheridium flow into the trichogyne and pass on into the oogonium where thej- pair and fuse with the numerous nuclei of the oogonium. From the fertilized oogonium, now known as the ascogoniuin, branches called ascogenous hyphae are developed and on the ultimate branches of these are produced the asci. From beneath the ascogonium sterile hyphae (hyphae producing no asci) grow up among the ascoge- nous hj^phae and constitute the paraphyses of the hymenium. Other sterile hyphae form the wall of the cup-shaped pl
RMPG4GMB–. The fungi which cause plant disease . Plant diseases; Fungi. Fig. 104.—P. trifolii. Ascus and paraph- yses; germinating spores. After Ches- ter. spores hyaline, 10-14 fi long; paraphyses numerous, filiform. A Phyllosticta thought to be its conidial stage has been reported.*' On dead spots in leaves of alfalfa and black medick. P. trifolii (Bernh.) Fcl. This is closely related to, perhaps identical with, the last species. Sporonema (Sphaeronaema) phacidioides Desm. is supposed to be its conidial form. This co- nidial stage has not however, been observed on alfalfa. Ascocarps mostly epiphyl- l
![. A monograph of lichens found in Britain; being a descriptive catalogue of the species in the herbarium of the British Museum. Lichens. SPHKfCTRINA.] CAtlCIEI. 83 brownish or blackish, paraphyses usually little developed; hy menial gelatine scanty. Spsrmogoaes punetiform, black, the sterigmata somewhat simple. This tribe consists of rather small plants, som? of which are paragitio and readily overlooked, while others are conspicuous from their brightly coloured thalli. The ap^thecia sometimes have the stipes abnormally branched, and occasionally the capitulum ia proliferous. 20. SPHINCTRINA F Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/RE1GC7/a-monograph-of-lichens-found-in-britain-being-a-descriptive-catalogue-of-the-species-in-the-herbarium-of-the-british-museum-lichens-sphkfctrina-catlciei-83-brownish-or-blackish-paraphyses-usually-little-developed-hy-menial-gelatine-scanty-spsrmogoaes-punetiform-black-the-sterigmata-somewhat-simple-this-tribe-consists-of-rather-small-plants-som-of-which-are-paragitio-and-readily-overlooked-while-others-are-conspicuous-from-their-brightly-coloured-thalli-the-apthecia-sometimes-have-the-stipes-abnormally-branched-and-occasionally-the-capitulum-ia-proliferous-20-sphinctrina-f-RE1GC7.jpg ". A monograph of lichens found in Britain; being a descriptive catalogue of the species in the herbarium of the British Museum. Lichens. SPHKfCTRINA.] CAtlCIEI. 83 brownish or blackish, paraphyses usually little developed; hy menial gelatine scanty. Spsrmogoaes punetiform, black, the sterigmata somewhat simple. This tribe consists of rather small plants, som? of which are paragitio and readily overlooked, while others are conspicuous from their brightly coloured thalli. The ap^thecia sometimes have the stipes abnormally branched, and occasionally the capitulum ia proliferous. 20. SPHINCTRINA F Stock Photo")
RMRE1GC7–. A monograph of lichens found in Britain; being a descriptive catalogue of the species in the herbarium of the British Museum. Lichens. SPHKfCTRINA.] CAtlCIEI. 83 brownish or blackish, paraphyses usually little developed; hy menial gelatine scanty. Spsrmogoaes punetiform, black, the sterigmata somewhat simple. This tribe consists of rather small plants, som? of which are paragitio and readily overlooked, while others are conspicuous from their brightly coloured thalli. The ap^thecia sometimes have the stipes abnormally branched, and occasionally the capitulum ia proliferous. 20. SPHINCTRINA F
RMPG4GMP–. The fungi which cause plant disease . Plant diseases; Fungi. 148 THE FUNGI WHICH CAUSE PLANT DISEASE. Fig. 104.—P. trifolii. Ascus and paraph- yses; germinating spores. After Ches- ter. spores hyaline, 10-14 fi long; paraphyses numerous, filiform. A Phyllosticta thought to be its conidial stage has been reported.*' On dead spots in leaves of alfalfa and black medick. P. trifolii (Bernh.) Fcl. This is closely related to, perhaps identical with, the last species. Sporonema (Sphaeronaema) phacidioides Desm. is supposed to be its conidial form. This co- nidial stage has not however, been observe
RMRE3M7M–. Introduction to cryptogamic botany. Cryptogams. INTRODUCTION TO CIIYPT0G.4JM:IC BOTANY. 397 down without any very distinct pustule; we should, in fact, have an Undocarpon. The terminal fruit on the numerous branches of Sphcerophoron (Fig. 83, 6) is first indicated by a swelling, and in process of time the outer bark bursts and exposes the contents of the perithecium, which consist of asci, and paraphyses seated on a central columella. It has been supposed that the sporidia were connected together in monili- form chains; but there is no difference between them and the. Fis. 83. 1. Asci and sp
RMPG3W49–. A monograph of lichens found in Britain; being a descriptive catalogue of the species in the herbarium of the British Museum. Lichens. Plate 38 V. X 4l'(» NORMANDINA PULCHRLLA Croiub. a. Whole plant, b. Portion of tballus and peritbecia. r. Vertical section of thallns. d. Vertical section of peritheciimi. e. Ascus and paraphyses /. Spores.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. British Museum (Natural History).
![. Fungi, ascomycetes, ustilaginales, uredinales. Fungi. n] ASCOMYCETES 39 (i-«-.. hymenium. In Desmotascus^, a pyrenomycetous fungus parasitic on Bromelia, the paraphyses are replaced by a thin-walled pseudoparenchyma recalling the arrangement in the higher Plectomycetes. The Peridium. The peridium or wall of the ascocarp is a weft of sterile hyphae in which the individual filamentsare sometimes clear- '^- ly distinguished, sometimes closely interwoven to form a pseudoparenchyma; the walls of the outer cells are some- times considerably thickened and may be variously pig- mented ; in many case Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/RDX1TR/fungi-ascomycetes-ustilaginales-uredinales-fungi-n-ascomycetes-39-i-hymenium-in-desmotascus-a-pyrenomycetous-fungus-parasitic-on-bromelia-the-paraphyses-are-replaced-by-a-thin-walled-pseudoparenchyma-recalling-the-arrangement-in-the-higher-plectomycetes-the-peridium-the-peridium-or-wall-of-the-ascocarp-is-a-weft-of-sterile-hyphae-in-which-the-individual-filamentsare-sometimes-clear-ly-distinguished-sometimes-closely-interwoven-to-form-a-pseudoparenchyma-the-walls-of-the-outer-cells-are-some-times-considerably-thickened-and-may-be-variously-pig-mented-in-many-case-RDX1TR.jpg ". Fungi, ascomycetes, ustilaginales, uredinales. Fungi. n] ASCOMYCETES 39 (i-«-.. hymenium. In Desmotascus^, a pyrenomycetous fungus parasitic on Bromelia, the paraphyses are replaced by a thin-walled pseudoparenchyma recalling the arrangement in the higher Plectomycetes. The Peridium. The peridium or wall of the ascocarp is a weft of sterile hyphae in which the individual filamentsare sometimes clear- '^- ly distinguished, sometimes closely interwoven to form a pseudoparenchyma; the walls of the outer cells are some- times considerably thickened and may be variously pig- mented ; in many case Stock Photo")
RMRDX1TR–. Fungi, ascomycetes, ustilaginales, uredinales. Fungi. n] ASCOMYCETES 39 (i-«-.. hymenium. In Desmotascus^, a pyrenomycetous fungus parasitic on Bromelia, the paraphyses are replaced by a thin-walled pseudoparenchyma recalling the arrangement in the higher Plectomycetes. The Peridium. The peridium or wall of the ascocarp is a weft of sterile hyphae in which the individual filamentsare sometimes clear- '^- ly distinguished, sometimes closely interwoven to form a pseudoparenchyma; the walls of the outer cells are some- times considerably thickened and may be variously pig- mented ; in many case
RMPG42JH–. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. NECTRIA. 185 Nectria. Perithecia yellow or red in colour, and generally produced in close tufts on stromata of the same colour. The asci con- tain eight bicellular spores and few or no paraphyses. Conidia â of various kinds and shapes are also produced. Nectrina cinnabarina Fr.^ (Britain and U.S. America). The -bright-red, button-shaped conidial cushions of this fungus may. Please note that these images are extracte
RMRE3CKW–. A handbook of cryptogamic botany. Cryptogams. 372 FUNGI shaped pseudo-parenchjmatous exciple is formed, the margin of which reaches the surface. The interior of this basin is then soon filled with upright paraphyses like those which originally attained the surface. The turns of the original coil become unloosed, and eventually there are given off from it ascogenous hyphae which, after branching in the sub- hymenial zone like those of Ascobolus, finally produce successive asci in the mature apothece. In Physma Massal. the carpogone is produced from the hyphae which form the wall of the anther
RMPG0PG7–. A monograph of lichens found in Britain; being a descriptive catalogue of the species in the herbarium of the British Museum. Lichens. Plate 32. XSOO CHIODECTON ALBIDUM Leight, a. Plant on rock. b. Portion of tballus and apothecia. c. Vertical section of thallus. d. Vertical section of apothecia. e. Ascus and paraphyses. /. Spores.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. British Museum (Natural History). Dept. of
RMRDX32H–. Lichens. Lichens. i82 REPRODUCTION a. Open or closed Apothecia. Schwendener' drew attention to two types of apothecia directly influenced by the thallus: those that are closed at first and only open gradually, and those which are, as he says, open from the first. The former occur in genera and species in which the thallus has a stoutish cortex, as, for instance, in Lobaria where the young fructification has all the appearance of an opening perithecium. The open apothecia {primitus apertd) are found in non-corticate lichens, in which case the pioneer paraphyses arrive at the surface easily an
![. A monograph of lichens found in Britain; being a descriptive catalogue of the species in the herbarium of the British Museum. Lichens. X50 .^.' /'V/".^ , ^ - X 700 X 700 LFX'IDEA (EULECIDEA) PARASEMA Ach. a. Plant on Ijark. b. Portion of thallus and apothecia. (•. Vectlca) seotion of thallus. d. Vertical sectioD of apothecia. r. Asous and paraphyses. /. Spores.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. British Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/PG3WDN/a-monograph-of-lichens-found-in-britain-being-a-descriptive-catalogue-of-the-species-in-the-herbarium-of-the-british-museum-lichens-x50-vquot-x-700-x-700-lfxidea-eulecidea-parasema-ach-a-plant-on-ijark-b-portion-of-thallus-and-apothecia-vectlca-seotion-of-thallus-d-vertical-sectiod-of-apothecia-r-asous-and-paraphyses-spores-please-note-that-these-images-are-extracted-from-scanned-page-images-that-may-have-been-digitally-enhanced-for-readability-coloration-and-appearance-of-these-illustrations-may-not-perfectly-resemble-the-original-work-british-PG3WDN.jpg ". A monograph of lichens found in Britain; being a descriptive catalogue of the species in the herbarium of the British Museum. Lichens. X50 .^.' /'V/".^ , ^ - X 700 X 700 LFX'IDEA (EULECIDEA) PARASEMA Ach. a. Plant on Ijark. b. Portion of thallus and apothecia. (•. Vectlca) seotion of thallus. d. Vertical sectioD of apothecia. r. Asous and paraphyses. /. Spores.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. British Stock Photo")
RMPG3WDN–. A monograph of lichens found in Britain; being a descriptive catalogue of the species in the herbarium of the British Museum. Lichens. X50 .^.' /'V/".^ , ^ - X 700 X 700 LFX'IDEA (EULECIDEA) PARASEMA Ach. a. Plant on Ijark. b. Portion of thallus and apothecia. (•. Vectlca) seotion of thallus. d. Vertical sectioD of apothecia. r. Asous and paraphyses. /. Spores.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. British
RMRDWD3M–. Botany, with agricultural applications. Botany. 368 THALLOPHYTES numerous nuclei of the antheridium flow into the trichogyne and pass on into the oogonium where they pair and fuse with the numerous nuclei of the oogonium. From the fertilized oogonium, now known as the ascogonium, branches called ascogenous hyphae are developed and on the ultimate branches of these are produced the asci. From beneath the ascogonium sterile hyphae (hyphae producing no asci) grow up among the ascoge- nous hyphae and constitute the paraphyses of the hymenium. Other sterile hyphae form the wall of the cup-shaped
RMPG3W3G–. A monograph of lichens found in Britain; being a descriptive catalogue of the species in the herbarium of the British Museum. Lichens. Plate 41. W.ti-' X 600 VERRUCARIA PAPILLOSA Aoh. a. Whole plant, h. Portion of thallus and peritbeoia. c Vertical section of thallus. d. Vertical section of peritheoium. e. Ascus and paraphyses. /. Spores.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. British Museum (Natural History). D
RMRDCRW5–. Comparative morphology and biology of the fungi, mycetozoa and bacteria . Plant morphology; Fungi; Myxomycetes; Bacteriology. CHAPTER V.—COMPARATIVE REVIEW.—ASCOMVCETES. 243 his Peziza benesuada (Fig. 115); similar organs occupy the margin of the platter- shaped tube-bearing hymenia of Cenangium Frangulae, Tul. Small round cells incapable of germination, which will be noticed again in a subsequent page, are said by Brefeld * to be sometimes abscised from the ramifications of the paraphyses in Peziza Sclerotiorum. The second place where these doubtful' spermatia' occur is in the pycnidia of c
RMPG4GT4–. The fungi which cause plant disease . Plant diseases; Fungi. THE FUNGI WHICH CAUSE PLANT DISEASE 125 these prized as table delicacies, and the Laboulbeniales, an order rich in species which are all parasitic upon insects. Protodiscales (p. 123) The 4-8 to many-spored asci form a flat palisade-like hymenium which arises directly from the mycelium; paraphyses none; spores, one-celled, elliptical or round. Key to Families of Protodiscales Parasitic 1. Exoascaceas, p. 125. Saprophytic 2. Ascocorticiaces. Of these families the second contains only one genus and two species found in bark. The firs
RMRDXRYF–. A manual of poisonous plants, chiefly of eastern North America, with brief notes on economic and medicinal plants, and numerous illustrations. Poisonous plants. 268 MANUAL OF POISONOUS PLANTS. Fig 90. Stem Blight (Gibbellina cerealis), one of the Sphaeriaceae. a, general appearance. b, asci with ascospores and paraphyses. c, stroma, mycelium, and perithecium. After Cavara. PERISPORIALES Perlthecia spherical, closed, or with the ostiolum obscure, coriaceous or brittle carbonaceous, opening irregularly, generally without stroma, but mostly seated on a well developed, superficial mycelium. This
RMPG21WY–. A monograph of lichens found in Britain; being a descriptive catalogue of the species in the herbarium of the British Museum. Lichens. Plate 55. ANTHRACOTHKCITTM HIBERNICUM A. L. Sm. a. Whole plant, b. Portion of thallus and perithecia. c. Vertical section of thallus. d. Vertical section of perithecia. c. Aseus and paraphyses. /. Spores.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. British Museum (Natural History). De
RMRE1N93–. College botany; structure, physiology and economics of plants. Botany. FiQ. 130.—Fruiting body of mildew. FxG. 131.—Peziza. the mycelium of the fungus within the old fruits on the ground produces a cup'-like growth containing great numbers of asci. The genus Morchella contains some of the large edible fungi. One of the most common species is M. escvlenta, which is known as the common spring morel and is considered a great delicacy. The large convoluted top is the ascocarp, which, of course, bears the paraphyses and the asci containing eight spores each. The Lichens constitute a peculiar grou
![. Photomicrographs of botanical studies. Photomicrography. Upper concave surface of plant. Ascospores in various S % stages of development. A Paraphyses. Mycelium of fungus. ^T-^v:^, , Sterile tissue. 10.—Y.S. Thallus of " Marchantia polymorpha. ". Wall of gi gemmiB cup. Gemm:u in various stages of development. Thallus. Root-hairs (rhizoids.). Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Flatters, Milborne & Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/PG0291/photomicrographs-of-botanical-studies-photomicrography-upper-concave-surface-of-plant-ascospores-in-various-s-stages-of-development-a-paraphyses-mycelium-of-fungus-t-v-sterile-tissue-10ys-thallus-of-quot-marchantia-polymorpha-quot-wall-of-gi-gemmib-cup-gemmu-in-various-stages-of-development-thallus-root-hairs-rhizoids-please-note-that-these-images-are-extracted-from-scanned-page-images-that-may-have-been-digitally-enhanced-for-readability-coloration-and-appearance-of-these-illustrations-may-not-perfectly-resemble-the-original-work-flatters-milborne-amp-PG0291.jpg ". Photomicrographs of botanical studies. Photomicrography. Upper concave surface of plant. Ascospores in various S % stages of development. A Paraphyses. Mycelium of fungus. ^T-^v:^, , Sterile tissue. 10.—Y.S. Thallus of " Marchantia polymorpha. ". Wall of gi gemmiB cup. Gemm:u in various stages of development. Thallus. Root-hairs (rhizoids.). Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Flatters, Milborne & Stock Photo")
RMPG0291–. Photomicrographs of botanical studies. Photomicrography. Upper concave surface of plant. Ascospores in various S % stages of development. A Paraphyses. Mycelium of fungus. ^T-^v:^, , Sterile tissue. 10.—Y.S. Thallus of " Marchantia polymorpha. ". Wall of gi gemmiB cup. Gemm:u in various stages of development. Thallus. Root-hairs (rhizoids.). Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Flatters, Milborne &
RMRE1RFE–. The mushroom book : a popular guide to the identification and study of our commoner Fungi, with special emphasis on the edible varieties . Mushrooms; Mushrooms, Edible; Cookery (Mushrooms); cbk. Asci and paraphyses ORDER TUBERALES—TRUFFLES The order Tuberales contains the truffles, which are subter- ranean fungi, ranging in size from an acorn to a good-sized po- tato. The asci or spore-sacs are formed on the inte- rior of the fungus, the warty truffle itself being called an as- coma, as it contains the asci. Since the time of Pliny and Dioscorides, truffles have been known and esteemed as a
RMPG44TN–. Comparative morphology and biology of the fungi, mycetozoa and bacteria . Plant morphology; Fungi; Myxomycetes; Bacteriology. Fig. aS. Ociirviania carnea, Corda. Thin sections through the faytnenium. b, b basidia, one of them with two spores in the act of forma- tion, p paraphyses. Magn. 390 times.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Bary, A. de (Anton), 1831-1888; Garnsey, Henry E. F. (Henry Edward Fowler),
RMRE3M6Y–. Introduction to cryptogamic botany. Cryptogams. Fig. 86. a. Stylospores of AhrothaUus Smithii, Tul. From specimens gathered at Craigie Hill by Dr. Lindsay. h. Synalyssa vulgaris. From specimens gathered at Bristol by Mr. Thwaites. A portion of the plant with its fastigiate fruit and palmel- loid, gonidia one of which is represented more highly magnified in the act of division. c. Asci, sporidia, and paraphyses of the same. d. Hsematococcoid excrescences which roughen the thallus. These are tinged with red. e. Hsematococcoid gonidia of Omphalaria nummularia, Mont. From an Algerian specimen gi
RMPG4G7P–. The fungi which cause plant disease . Plant diseases; Fungi. THE FUNGI WHICH CAUSE PLANT DISEASE 225 elliptic, surrounded by a mucilaginous layer, 24-32 x 12-18 ju; paraphyses exceeding the asci. The mycelium produces rot of cranberries, also leaf spots, but the fructification of the fungus is rarely found in nature except on. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Stevens, Frank Lincoln, 1871-1934. New York : Ma
RMRE0KDP–. A monograph of lichens found in Britain; being a descriptive catalogue of the species in the herbarium of the British Museum. Lichens. 616 LICnENACEI. [tTECEOLAEIA. spores 4-8na9, oblong or ellipsoid, septate and murali-divided, at first colourless, then dark ; paraphyses slender ; hymenial gelatine scarcely tinged or tawny with iodine. Spermogones with some- what branched sterigmata and cylindrical spermatia. A small but well-marked genus, whose systematic place has been variously viewed by authors. Evidently, however, it is in this subtribs as now definitely fixed by Nylander. From Tlielot
RMPG4B3T–. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. FiG. 194.—PhrftgniidiiiTn sttbcwticium on a Rose leaf. The black spots are teleutospore-patches on the uuder- surface of the leaf. (v. Tubeuf deL) Fig. 193.— Tfipkragmium ulmai-iac on Spiraea Ulmai-ia. Germinating teleuto- spore, with promycelia and ^poridia. (After Tulasne.) teleutospores are produced in loose patches. The aecidial patches have no covering, but are surrounded by club-shaped paraphyses. The genus fr
RMRDX3ER–. Lichens. Lichens. REPRODUCTION IN DISCOLICHENS 169 rufescens^ and P. malacea} the two systems—paraphyses and ascogonium— grow simultaneously, though in P. horizontalis the ascogonium has dis- appeared by the time the paraphyses are formed. In the genus Nephroma, in Physcia stellaris and in Xanthorina parietina the paraphyses are also late in making their appearance. In most instances, the paraphyses push their way up between the cortical cells which gradually become absorbed, or they may stop short of the sur- face as in Nephromium tomentosum'^. The overlying layer of cortical cells in that
RMPG417E–. The essentials of botany. Botany. 162 BOTANY. the size and form of tie spore-fruit. Some of the filaments of the spore-fruit become enlarged into sacs in which spores are developed (Fig. 88), while the others make up the sterile. Fio. 87. Fig. 87.—Diagrammatic vertical section of a Cup-fungus, sliowing position of the spore-sacs. Fig. 88.—a few spore-sacs of a Cup-fungus (Peziza convexula), in various stages of development, a, youngest, to/, oldest. The slender filaments (paraphyses) belong to the sterile tissue. Magnified 550 times. or protective tissue. The spore-sacs grow so that all reac
RMRE373C–. The British rust fungi (Uredinales) their biology and classification. Rust fungi. ON GRAMINE^ 281 On leaves (living or fading) of Brachypodium pinnatum, B. silvaticum. Not uncommon. July—November, teleuto- spores not before September. (Fig. 212.) Both Plowright and Fischer mention that, mixed with the uredospores, are numerous hyaline capitate paraphyses ; Sydows' Monographia omits all mention of these. The specimens which I have seen show them always in great numbers. Often the pedicel of the teleutospores is almost non-existent, and the basal cell-wall is strongly thickened. The upper marg
RMPG3NKB–. Fungous diseases of plants : with chapters on physiology, culture methods and technique . Fungi in agriculture. PROTOBASIDIOMYCETES 431 produced in short chains and measure 24-28 x 18-21 fj, (Fig. 210,b). The uredesori occur on the under surface of the leaf. They are somewhat lighter colored than the casoma and are constantly inclosed by paraphyses. Individual spores are about the same in size and form, however, as the previous type (Fig. 210, c). In the same sori with the latter may be produced also the teleutospores,. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images tha
RMRDXP28–. An introduction to the study of seaweeds. Algae. PiG. IS.—a, Admocystis Leiimii reducetl one-half; b, cryptostoma from centre of sora.s of sporangia highly magnifleil. narmcece for Chorda, unless Mr. Buffham's discovery of plurilocular sporangia in association with it should prove to be well established, and not a case of an epiphytic Alga. In that case Chmrla would have to go. The cryptostomata with septate paraphyses which occur, as mentioned above, in certain genera resemble in appearance, though not in mode of development, the conceptacles oiSplachnidium. Only in Adenocystis which in oth
RMPG4BP0–. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. Fig. 99.—Cucurbitaria Idburni. A, Stroma with pycnidia containing minute unicellular conidia. B, One of the large smooth pycnidia. (After v. Tubeuf.) The mature perithecia have a peridium consisting of a loose pseudoparenchyma with a rough warty exterior and a pore set in a distinct depression (Fig. 100.) The paraphyses are long, strong threads, often branched, and between them arise the long cylindrical asci with r
RMRDET84–. The mushroom book. A popular guide to the identification and study of our commoner Fungi, with special emphasis on the edible varieties. Mushrooms; Cookery (Mushrooms); cbk. Asci and paraphyses ORDER TUBERALES—TRUFFLES The order Tuberales contains the truffles, which are subter- ranean fungi, ranging in size from an acorn to a good-sized po- tato. The asci or spore-sacs are formed on the inte- rior of the fungus, the warty truffle itself being called an as- coma, as it contains the asci. Since the time of Pliny and Dioscorides, truffles have been known and esteemed as a table delicacy. Since
RMPG44W8–. A text-book of mycology and plant pathology . Plant diseases; Fungi in agriculture; Plant diseases; Fungi. 232 MYCOLOGY the primary ones. The gills may be free from the stipe, adnexed, or even decurrent. A section of a mature gill shows the following disposition of the hyphal layers. The central part of the gill consists of paraUel, down- ward directed hyphae, that form the trama. Running out obliquely from the trama are shorter ceUs which constitute the subhymenium. The basidia, together with their accompanying paraphyses and cysti- dia, form a paHsade-Uke layer (the hymenium) whose cells s
RMRE3D8D–. A handbook of cryptogamic botany. Cryptogams. FLORIDE.E 215 bourhood of the swellings, with a more or less regular annular arrange- ment. The trichogyne is a long transparent cylindrical tube, simple or branched, produced within the tubular thallus. The procarp is unicel-. lular, and of a very simple structure. The carpogone puts out before impregnation a number of segmented filaments resembling paraphyses, and enclosed in a transparent jelly. After the oosphere has been im-. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readab
RMPG05HE–. The structure and development of mosses and ferns (Archegoniatae). Plant morphology; Mosses; Ferns. 2CX) MOSSES AND FERNS the female plant is still but a few millimetres in height. In this case there is no doubt that the apical cell forms an archegoniuni directly, but not necessarily the first one, which arises usually from one of the last-formed segments. The elongation of the axis of the female branch is but slight, even in the later stages. ,P. Fig. 104.—Longitudinal section through the apex of a male plant of F. hygrometrico, X300; L, leaf; ^, antheridia; p, paraphyses. and the plant rem
RMRDWFYH–. Elementary botany. Botany. MOSSES. 161 are ripe, if we make a section through a cluster, or if we merely tease out some from the end with a needle in a drop of water on the slide, then prepare for examination with the microscope, we will see the form of the antheridia. They are somewhat clavate or elliptical in outline, as seen in fig. 201. Be- tween them there stand short threads composed of several cells containing chlorophyll grains. These are sterile threads (paraphyses). 338. Sporogonium.—In fig. 197 we see illustrated a sporogonium of mnium, which is of course developed from the fertil
RMPG4598–. Diseases of economic plants . Plant diseases. Fig. 210. — Russula rubra. Portion of the hymenium. sh. sub-hymenial layer; 6, basidia; s, sterigmata; sp, spores; p, paraphyses; c, a cystici (x 540).. Fig. 211. — Fomea fomentariua; sporophore showing pores. After Atkinson.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Stevens, Frank Lincoln, 1871-1934; Hall, John Galentine, 1870-. New York : Macmillan
RMRDXTGD–. The mushroom book : a popular guide to the identification and study of our commoner fungi, with special emphasis on the edible varieties . Mushrooms; Mushrooms, Edible; Cookery (Mushrooms); cbk. Asci and paraphyses ORDER TUBERALES—TRUFFLES The order Tuberales contains the truffles, which are subter- ranean fungi, ranging in size from an acorn to a good-sized po- tato. The asci or spore-sacs are formed on the inte- rior of the fungus, the warty truffle itself being called an as- coma, as it contains the asci. Since the time of Pliny and Dioscorides, truffles have been known and esteemed as a
RMPG21XT–. A monograph of lichens found in Britain; being a descriptive catalogue of the species in the herbarium of the British Museum. Lichens. Plate 52. PORINA OLIVACEA A. L. Sm. a. Whole plant, b. Portion of thallue and perithecja. c. Vertical section of thallua. d. Vertical section of perithecium. e. Asour and paraphyses. /. Spores.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. British Museum (Natural History). Dept. of Bota
RMRE0N4E–. A manual of botany. Botany. THALLOPHYTAâFUNGI 85 Fig. 842. called paraphyses. Each asous develops eight spores from part of its protoplasm, the rest remaining as epiptasm. In some species the fructification is in the form of a deep or shallow cup, sometimes nearly closed. This is called a â perithe- cium [fig. 841). The group of the Saccharomycetes is now generally referred to this sub-class. These plants are represented by the Yeasts, which have the power of setting up alcohohc fermentation in sugary fluids. They are simple cells of rounded or ovoid form which multiply with great rapidity b
RMPG21Y4–. A monograph of lichens found in Britain; being a descriptive catalogue of the species in the herbarium of the British Museum. Lichens. Plate 51. ill! MIGROTHELIA MICULA Flot. a. Whole plant, b. Portion of thallus and peritheoia. c. Vertical section of thaUus. d. Vertical section of peritheoia. e. Ascus and paraphyses. /. .Spores. Sf^i^fMvb^Vx. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. British Museum (Natural History
RMRE1M10–. A manual of botany. Botany. PTEBIDOPHYTA—FILIOINiE 133 The sporangia occur usually in groups on the lower or dorsal surface of the sporophylls (fig. 890), or in some cases in a band along their margins, being situated on a kind of placental outgrowth. They are sometimes quite exposed to the air, sometimes partially protected by hairs or paraphyses which arise among them from the placenta. Generally, however, the sorus is more or less covered by a definite membrane called the vndiisium, which springs from the epidermis of the leaf. Where the sorus is marginal, as in Pteris, the edge of the le
RMPG4BJD–. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. Fig. 116.âH7/poderma strobicota on Pinus Strobus. Ascus containing eight ascospores â with gelatinous coats; paraphyses with clavate ends. (After v. Tubeuf.) Fig. 117.âHypoderma strobicoia. Isolated ascospores: with and without a gelatinous coat, and one- or two-celled. (After v. Tubeuf.) some species, but have a delicate stalk in others. The spores, eight in each ascus, are never long and thread-like, but always mu
RMRDX32M–. Lichens. Lichens. REPRODUCTION IN DISCOLICHENS 173 branches push up between them and gradually a compact sheath of para- physes is built up. The ascogenous hyphae meanwhile spread radially at the base of the paraphyses and the asci begin to form. The apothecia may be further enlarged by intercalary growth, and this vigorous development of vegetative tissue immediately underneath raises the whole fruit structure well above the surface level. Sattler^ in his paper on Cladoniae'^ cites as an argument in favour of fertilization the relative positions of carpogonia and spermogonia on the podetia.
![. The fungi which cause plant disease . Plant diseases; Fungi. 228 THE FUNGI WHICH CAUSE PLANT DISEASE Trichosphaeria Fuckel (p. 226) Perithecia usually free, globose, woody or carbonous, hairy, ostiole flat or papillate; asci-cylindric, 8-spored; spores 1 to 2-celled, hyaline; paraphyses present. There are some forty species, mainly saprophytes. T. sacchari Mass.^"- ^^ Perithecia broadly ovate, dark-brown, beset with brown hairs; spores elongate-ellipsoid, 1-celled; the conidial forms are various. Fig. 162.—^Trichosphseria. E, habit sketch; G, conidial stage. After Lindau, Winter and Bre Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/PG4G73/the-fungi-which-cause-plant-disease-plant-diseases-fungi-228-the-fungi-which-cause-plant-disease-trichosphaeria-fuckel-p-226-perithecia-usually-free-globose-woody-or-carbonous-hairy-ostiole-flat-or-papillate-asci-cylindric-8-spored-spores-1-to-2-celled-hyaline-paraphyses-present-there-are-some-forty-species-mainly-saprophytes-t-sacchari-massquot-perithecia-broadly-ovate-dark-brown-beset-with-brown-hairs-spores-elongate-ellipsoid-1-celled-the-conidial-forms-are-various-fig-162trichosphseria-e-habit-sketch-g-conidial-stage-after-lindau-winter-and-bre-PG4G73.jpg ". The fungi which cause plant disease . Plant diseases; Fungi. 228 THE FUNGI WHICH CAUSE PLANT DISEASE Trichosphaeria Fuckel (p. 226) Perithecia usually free, globose, woody or carbonous, hairy, ostiole flat or papillate; asci-cylindric, 8-spored; spores 1 to 2-celled, hyaline; paraphyses present. There are some forty species, mainly saprophytes. T. sacchari Mass.^"- ^^ Perithecia broadly ovate, dark-brown, beset with brown hairs; spores elongate-ellipsoid, 1-celled; the conidial forms are various. Fig. 162.—^Trichosphseria. E, habit sketch; G, conidial stage. After Lindau, Winter and Bre Stock Photo")
RMPG4G73–. The fungi which cause plant disease . Plant diseases; Fungi. 228 THE FUNGI WHICH CAUSE PLANT DISEASE Trichosphaeria Fuckel (p. 226) Perithecia usually free, globose, woody or carbonous, hairy, ostiole flat or papillate; asci-cylindric, 8-spored; spores 1 to 2-celled, hyaline; paraphyses present. There are some forty species, mainly saprophytes. T. sacchari Mass.^"- ^^ Perithecia broadly ovate, dark-brown, beset with brown hairs; spores elongate-ellipsoid, 1-celled; the conidial forms are various. Fig. 162.—^Trichosphseria. E, habit sketch; G, conidial stage. After Lindau, Winter and Bre
RMRE2MNM–. Elementary botany. Botany. 246 MORPHOLOGY, are ripe, if we make a section through a cluster, or if we merely tease out some from the end with a needle in a drop of water on the slide, then prepare for examination with the microscctpe, we can see the form of the antheridia. They are somewhat clavate or elliptical in outline, as seen in fig. 284. Be- tween them there stand short threads composed of several cells containing chlorophyll grains. These are sterile threads (paraphyses). 518. Sporogonium,—In fig. 280 we see illustrated a sporogonium of mnium, which is of course developed from the fe
![. Comparative morphology and biology of the fungi, mycetozoa and bacteria . Plant morphology; Fungi; Myxomycetes; Bacteriology. f" ^i FIG. 89. Lecauora subfiitca. Median section through a young apothecium, swollen up in ammonia, somewhat diagranunatically represented; h h hymenium, e excipulum from which spring the paraphyses represented by strokes run, ning vertically towards h. sh ascogenous hyphae givmg rise to the asci, r lind, 9n medullary layer of the thallus which forms a rim round the excipulum. The round bodies are the algal cells contained m the thallus. Magn. 190 tunes. This is Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/PG4220/comparative-morphology-and-biology-of-the-fungi-mycetozoa-and-bacteria-plant-morphology-fungi-myxomycetes-bacteriology-fquot-i-fig-89-lecauora-subfiitca-median-section-through-a-young-apothecium-swollen-up-in-ammonia-somewhat-diagranunatically-represented-h-h-hymenium-e-excipulum-from-which-spring-the-paraphyses-represented-by-strokes-run-ning-vertically-towards-h-sh-ascogenous-hyphae-givmg-rise-to-the-asci-r-lind-9n-medullary-layer-of-the-thallus-which-forms-a-rim-round-the-excipulum-the-round-bodies-are-the-algal-cells-contained-m-the-thallus-magn-190-tunes-this-is-PG4220.jpg ". Comparative morphology and biology of the fungi, mycetozoa and bacteria . Plant morphology; Fungi; Myxomycetes; Bacteriology. f" ^i FIG. 89. Lecauora subfiitca. Median section through a young apothecium, swollen up in ammonia, somewhat diagranunatically represented; h h hymenium, e excipulum from which spring the paraphyses represented by strokes run, ning vertically towards h. sh ascogenous hyphae givmg rise to the asci, r lind, 9n medullary layer of the thallus which forms a rim round the excipulum. The round bodies are the algal cells contained m the thallus. Magn. 190 tunes. This is Stock Photo")
RMPG4220–. Comparative morphology and biology of the fungi, mycetozoa and bacteria . Plant morphology; Fungi; Myxomycetes; Bacteriology. f" ^i FIG. 89. Lecauora subfiitca. Median section through a young apothecium, swollen up in ammonia, somewhat diagranunatically represented; h h hymenium, e excipulum from which spring the paraphyses represented by strokes run, ning vertically towards h. sh ascogenous hyphae givmg rise to the asci, r lind, 9n medullary layer of the thallus which forms a rim round the excipulum. The round bodies are the algal cells contained m the thallus. Magn. 190 tunes. This is
RMRE0KHG–. A monograph of lichens found in Britain; being a descriptive catalogue of the species in the herbarium of the British Museum. Lichens. PELXIDEA..J PELTIGBKEI. 277 marginal and adnate eil-.her to the upper or the lower surface, or innate and scattered on the upper surface of the thallus ; spores Suae, rarely 4n8B or 2rtse, colourless, septate and fusiform in the marginal apothecia, brown, ellipsoid and bilocular in the scattered apotheeia; paraphyses discrete, articulate, usually thiekish. Sper- mogones (in so far as known) immersed in the thallus, with jointed sterigmata. Nylander points out
RMPG4696–. The fungi which cause plant disease . Plant diseases; Fungi. 282 THE FUNGI WHICH CAUSE PLANT DISEASE Calosphseria. Tulasne (p. 281) Perithecia astromate, free or on the inner bark, scattered or clustered, ostiole more or less elongate; asci clavate, fasciculate; spores small, cylindric, curved, hyaline, continuous; paraphyses longer than the asci, stout lanceolate, evanescent. About thirty-five species chiefly saprophytes. C. princeps Tul. Perithecia on the inner bark in orbicular or elliptic groups, gen- erally densely crowded, globose, smooth and shining, necks long. Fig. 210.—Crypto- spor
RMRDX3F3–. Lichens. Lichens. REPRODUCTION IN DISCOLICHENS 16s firmly attached to the trichogyne cell but without any plasma connection between the two. The changes in the trichogyne described by Stahl and Baur in Collemaceae were not seen in Anaptychia; the peculiar swelling of the septa seems to be a phenomenon confined to gelatinous lichens. During the trichogyne stage in this lichen the vegetative hyphae from the medulla grow up and surround the young carpogonia, and, at the same time, very slender hyphae begin to branch upwards to form the paraphyses. Darbi- shire's^ examination of Physcia pulverul
RMPG3WF7–. A monograph of lichens found in Britain; being a descriptive catalogue of the species in the herbarium of the British Museum. Lichens. X 500. X 500 ^^3 W^ X 1200 GYALECTA GUPULAEIS Schfer. a. Plant on rock. b. Portion of thallus and apothecia. c. Vertical section of thallus. d. Vertical section of apotheciuna. e. Ascus and paraphyses. /. Spores.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. British Museum (Natural Hist
![. Photomicrographs of botanical studies. Photomicrography. Photo/iiicrograplis of Botanical Studies. IS 9.âY.S. Apothecia, Peziza convexula â *** .if ^. Upper concave surface of plant. Ascospores in various S % stages of development. A Paraphyses. Mycelium of fungus. ^T-^v:^, , Sterile tissue. 10.âY.S. Thallus of " Marchantia polymorpha. ". Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Flatters, Milborne & M Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/RDE80J/photomicrographs-of-botanical-studies-photomicrography-photoiiicrograplis-of-botanical-studies-is-9ys-apothecia-peziza-convexula-if-upper-concave-surface-of-plant-ascospores-in-various-s-stages-of-development-a-paraphyses-mycelium-of-fungus-t-v-sterile-tissue-10ys-thallus-of-quot-marchantia-polymorpha-quot-please-note-that-these-images-are-extracted-from-scanned-page-images-that-may-have-been-digitally-enhanced-for-readability-coloration-and-appearance-of-these-illustrations-may-not-perfectly-resemble-the-original-work-flatters-milborne-amp-m-RDE80J.jpg ". Photomicrographs of botanical studies. Photomicrography. Photo/iiicrograplis of Botanical Studies. IS 9.âY.S. Apothecia, Peziza convexula â *** .if ^. Upper concave surface of plant. Ascospores in various S % stages of development. A Paraphyses. Mycelium of fungus. ^T-^v:^, , Sterile tissue. 10.âY.S. Thallus of " Marchantia polymorpha. ". Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Flatters, Milborne & M Stock Photo")
RMRDE80J–. Photomicrographs of botanical studies. Photomicrography. Photo/iiicrograplis of Botanical Studies. IS 9.âY.S. Apothecia, Peziza convexula â *** .if ^. Upper concave surface of plant. Ascospores in various S % stages of development. A Paraphyses. Mycelium of fungus. ^T-^v:^, , Sterile tissue. 10.âY.S. Thallus of " Marchantia polymorpha. ". Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Flatters, Milborne & M
RMPG3WBF–. A monograph of lichens found in Britain; being a descriptive catalogue of the species in the herbarium of the British Museum. Lichens. Plate 16. XfiOO BOMBYLIOSPORA PACHYCARPA Massal. a a (> a. Plant on moss. b. Portion of thallus and apothecia. c. Vertical section 0 0 0 of thallus. d. Vertical section of apothecium. c, Ascus with spore and paraphyses.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. British Museum (Na
RMRE0N3B–. A manual of botany. Botany. 92 MANUAL OF BOTANY paraphyses, and those which give rise to the spores, the basidia. Each basidium puts out four dehcate outgrowthe, closely resembling those of the promycelixim of the Uredineae, and from each of these a single gonidium or spore is abstricted. These, from their mode of Fig. 854. origin, are known as hasi- y diospores or basiddogonidia {fig. 854, c, g). The form of the fructifi- cation varies a good deal in different groups. In some the hymenium is exposed from its first formation; in others it is covered for a time by the velwmpartiale ; in yet o
RMPG4BPH–. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. Fig. 96.—Gibbera vaccinii. Isolated ascns with, eight spores; isolated hair from the outside of a perithecium. (v. Tubeuf del.) Fig. 95.—Gibbera vaccinii on Cowberry. The perithecia form black patches on the living leafy branch, as well as the dead brown one. (v. Tubeuf del.). ^-^ Fig. 97.—Gibbera vaccinii. Cross-section of Cowberry showing^ a patch of perithecia in section; the hairy perithecia contain paraphyses a
RMRE0KG1–. A monograph of lichens found in Britain; being a descriptive catalogue of the species in the herbarium of the British Museum. Lichens. 336 XICHEITACEr. [PANNAKIA. Owing to the reparation of the following; genus formerly included in it, this is now much better limited both in the character of the thallus and of the apotheoia. Most of the species are exotic ; but, with a few ex- ceptions, those which are European occur in this countiy.. Fig. 35. Fannaria riihiginosa Del.—a. Vertical seoiion of thalUia with hypothalline filaments, X^OO. 6. A theoa and paraphyses, x350. u. Spores, X500. d. Joint
RMPG46AA–. The fungi which cause plant disease . Plant diseases; Fungi. 274 THE FUNGI WHICH CAUSE PLANT DISEASE Fig. 203.—G. tubifor- mis, peiithecia. After Winter. apically thickened and opening by a pore; spore elliptic, 1-celled, hyaline; paraphyses none. This genus of some twenty-five species contains G. tubiformis (Tode) Sacc. which is said to be the ascigerous stage of Lepto- thyrium alneum Sacc. growing on Alder. Two other species, G. fimbriata and G. coiyli are found on hornbeam and hazel respectively. Gnomonia Cesati & de Notaris (p. 264) Perithecia covered, or eriunpent, submembranous, gl
RMRDD87K–. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. 274: ASCOMYCETKS. glutinous; it consists of small eight-spored asci over which project septate paraphyses, and also non-septate paraphyse-like structures which discharge a brown secretion. The ascospores are unicellular, hyaline, and canoe-shaped; on germination they give off a germ-tube which immediately develops into a septate mycelium. The mycelium is found in the intercellular spaces of the rind-parenchyma, but
![. The fungi which cause plant disease . Plant diseases; Fungi. Rhizinacese (p. 131) Key to Genera of Rhizinacese Spores elliptic or spindle-shaped" Without rhizoid-like structures 1. Psilopezia. With rhizoid-like structures 2. Rhizina, p. 132. Spores globose 3. Sphserosoma. Only one genus, Rhizina, causes disease. Rhizina Fries with some eight species is recognized by its- crust- formed, sessile, flat ascophore with root-like outgrowths from the lower side. Fig. 90. Asci cylindrical, 8- spored, opening by a lid; spores one- celled, hyaline; paraphyses many. It is often purely saprophytic, Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/PG4GPX/the-fungi-which-cause-plant-disease-plant-diseases-fungi-rhizinacese-p-131-key-to-genera-of-rhizinacese-spores-elliptic-or-spindle-shapedquot-without-rhizoid-like-structures-1-psilopezia-with-rhizoid-like-structures-2-rhizina-p-132-spores-globose-3-sphserosoma-only-one-genus-rhizina-causes-disease-rhizina-fries-with-some-eight-species-is-recognized-by-its-crust-formed-sessile-flat-ascophore-with-root-like-outgrowths-from-the-lower-side-fig-90-asci-cylindrical-8-spored-opening-by-a-lid-spores-one-celled-hyaline-paraphyses-many-it-is-often-purely-saprophytic-PG4GPX.jpg ". The fungi which cause plant disease . Plant diseases; Fungi. Rhizinacese (p. 131) Key to Genera of Rhizinacese Spores elliptic or spindle-shaped" Without rhizoid-like structures 1. Psilopezia. With rhizoid-like structures 2. Rhizina, p. 132. Spores globose 3. Sphserosoma. Only one genus, Rhizina, causes disease. Rhizina Fries with some eight species is recognized by its- crust- formed, sessile, flat ascophore with root-like outgrowths from the lower side. Fig. 90. Asci cylindrical, 8- spored, opening by a lid; spores one- celled, hyaline; paraphyses many. It is often purely saprophytic, Stock Photo")
RMPG4GPX–. The fungi which cause plant disease . Plant diseases; Fungi. Rhizinacese (p. 131) Key to Genera of Rhizinacese Spores elliptic or spindle-shaped" Without rhizoid-like structures 1. Psilopezia. With rhizoid-like structures 2. Rhizina, p. 132. Spores globose 3. Sphserosoma. Only one genus, Rhizina, causes disease. Rhizina Fries with some eight species is recognized by its- crust- formed, sessile, flat ascophore with root-like outgrowths from the lower side. Fig. 90. Asci cylindrical, 8- spored, opening by a lid; spores one- celled, hyaline; paraphyses many. It is often purely saprophytic,
RMRDX0JY–. Fungi, ascomycetes, ustilaginales, uredinales. Fungi. Fig 179. a. Phragviidium Rubi Pers.; uredosorus, x6oo; after Sappin-Tiouffy; /'. Phragmidium violaceum'VimX..; uredosorus, X480; after Blackman. by paraphyses, or in certain genera {Pucciniastrum, Uredinopsis) by a pseudo- peridium. In the young sorus a regular layer of somewhat rectangular basal cells is formed, from which the uredospore mother-cells arise. In Coleo- sporium, in Chrysomyxa, and in the secondary caeomata of Phragmidium subcorticiuin, they are produced in vertical rows like the typical aecidiospore mother-cells and divide
![. A text-book of mycology and plant pathology . Plant diseases; Fungi in agriculture; Plant diseases; Fungi. MILDEWS AND RELATED FUNGI 159 shield-shaped, unappendaged, black, membranous to carbonous formed of radiating chains of cells. The asci are four- to eight-spored, short and associated with paraphyses. Two fungi which attack the coffee plant are the most important pathogenic spedes of the family:. Fig. 55.—A—D, Nectria cinnubarina. A, Stroma of conidia and fruit-bodies of fungus; B, stroma in section; C ascus; D, mycelium "with conidiospores; £. F, Nectria ditissima; F, conidia laye Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/PG4542/a-text-book-of-mycology-and-plant-pathology-plant-diseases-fungi-in-agriculture-plant-diseases-fungi-mildews-and-related-fungi-159-shield-shaped-unappendaged-black-membranous-to-carbonous-formed-of-radiating-chains-of-cells-the-asci-are-four-to-eight-spored-short-and-associated-with-paraphyses-two-fungi-which-attack-the-coffee-plant-are-the-most-important-pathogenic-spedes-of-the-family-fig-55ad-nectria-cinnubarina-a-stroma-of-conidia-and-fruit-bodies-of-fungus-b-stroma-in-section-c-ascus-d-mycelium-quotwith-conidiospores-f-nectria-ditissima-f-conidia-laye-PG4542.jpg ". A text-book of mycology and plant pathology . Plant diseases; Fungi in agriculture; Plant diseases; Fungi. MILDEWS AND RELATED FUNGI 159 shield-shaped, unappendaged, black, membranous to carbonous formed of radiating chains of cells. The asci are four- to eight-spored, short and associated with paraphyses. Two fungi which attack the coffee plant are the most important pathogenic spedes of the family:. Fig. 55.—A—D, Nectria cinnubarina. A, Stroma of conidia and fruit-bodies of fungus; B, stroma in section; C ascus; D, mycelium "with conidiospores; £. F, Nectria ditissima; F, conidia laye Stock Photo")
RMPG4542–. A text-book of mycology and plant pathology . Plant diseases; Fungi in agriculture; Plant diseases; Fungi. MILDEWS AND RELATED FUNGI 159 shield-shaped, unappendaged, black, membranous to carbonous formed of radiating chains of cells. The asci are four- to eight-spored, short and associated with paraphyses. Two fungi which attack the coffee plant are the most important pathogenic spedes of the family:. Fig. 55.—A—D, Nectria cinnubarina. A, Stroma of conidia and fruit-bodies of fungus; B, stroma in section; C ascus; D, mycelium "with conidiospores; £. F, Nectria ditissima; F, conidia laye
RMRDJFCP–. Fungous diseases of plants : with chapters on physiology, culture methods and technique . Fungi in agriculture. 208 FUNGOUS DISEASES OF PLANTS the outset the apothecium is closed, but opens by a circular or transverse split, and the edges are often torn or bent back as distinct lips or lobes. The apothecia are usually tough and leathery. The asci and paraphyses form a very closely adherent layer, in which the paraphyses overlap above the summit of the asci, forming a rather definite epithecium. Rhytisma is the only genus which is here of importance. XVI. THE BLACK SPOT OF MAPLE Rhytisma Acer
RMPG3YR7–. Fungous diseases of plants : with chapters on physiology, culture methods and technique . Fungi in agriculture. ASCOMYCETES 207 shown in Fig. 80, b. The asci are club-shaped and bear eight hyaline ovoidal spores. The paraphyses are simple or branched, sometimes once-septate and slightly club-shaped. This fungus shows in pure culture certain growth characteristics which seem to differentiate it somewhat sharply from other species of Glceosporium. In the first place it grows slowly upon nutrient agar, several months being required to produce a colony of several millimeters in extent. The hypha
RMRDTP2Y–. Fungi, ascomycetes, ustilaginales, uredinales. Fungi. Fig. 53. Hiimaria rutilans (Fr.) Sacc.; hymenial layer showing asci and paraphyses in various stages of develop- ment, X 400. Fig. 54. Mitrula laricina Mass.; development and ejection of biseriate spores, x 600. This typically discomycetous ascocarp or apothecium, which is well seen in the Pezizales, may be connected in one direction, through the Patel- lariaceae and their allies, with the fructifications of the Phacidiales, which are partly closed with a more or less stellate aperture, and with the characteristic- ally elongated fructifi
RMPG3W7E–. A monograph of lichens found in Britain; being a descriptive catalogue of the species in the herbarium of the British Museum. Lichens. X 400 X 1000 MELASPILEA PROXIMELLA Nyl. a. a. a. a. Plant on hark- 6. Poition of thallus and apotLecia c Ve-tical sectioi, ot thallus. d. Vertical section of apothecia. ,. A.scus and paraphyses. /. Spores.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. British Museum (Natural History). D
RMRPXNKB–. Text-book of botany, morphological and physiological. Botany. CARPOSPOREfi. 3°9. Fig. 204.—Diagrammatic section of the fructification of Ascobolus furfuraceus (after Janczewski); m myce- lium ; c carpogonium; / pollinodium; j ascogenous fila- ments ; a the asci; rp the sterile tissue from which the paraphyses k are developed. a completely developed fructification, I select as an example Ascobolus furfuraceus', a Discomycete described by Janczewski. Fig. 204 represents a vertical section of the entire fructification of this Fungus, whilst still in connection with a portion of the mycelium, a
RMPG21X7–. A monograph of lichens found in Britain; being a descriptive catalogue of the species in the herbarium of the British Museum. Lichens. *--.<• X HO. X (KlO X I2(»i'' PYKENULA NITIDA Ach. a Whole plant, b. Portion ol thallus and perithecia. c. Vertical section of thallus. d. Vertical section of peritheoium. e. Ascus and paraphyses. /. Spore.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. British Museum (Natural History
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