RF2BE672F–Macrophotography. The bark of tree overgrown with moss and lichen.
RMRE1E0M–. Class-book of botany : being outlines of the structure, physiology and classification of plants : with a flora of the United States and Canada . Botany; Botany; Botany. 551, Frustules of a Diatomaceous Alga (Diatoraa marinum) separating from each other.. Lichens, 530, CladAiia; the minute thallus at the ba.^6 of the podetia, cup-like above, bearing scarlet conceptacles. 531, Usnea. 532, Sticta. 533, Parmelia. 584, Receptacle,'vertical sec- tion. 535, A portion (highly magni&ed) with thecas aud paraphases. 636, A spore (double). numerous spores. In ferns they grow on the back of the frond
RF2BE671A–Macrophotography. The bark of tree overgrown with moss and lichen.
RMRH8DXB–. Botany of the living plant. Botany. ./ B Fig. 372. A=Xanthona {Parmelia) parietina, the common foliaceous yellow Lichen. B = Cladonia rangifera, a fruticose Lichen. Both bear ascus-fruits, and are shown natural size. (After Strasburger.) (Chapter XL). The Lichens are very various in form. In simple cases they may be filamentous, as in Ephebe, which is like a filamentous Alga with a fungus growing in its mucilaginous walls. Some appear as flat gelatinous thalli, readily swelling with water, as in Collema, which is based upon the gelatinous Alga, Nostoc. Others are more firm in texture, and fo
RF2BE6718–Macrophotography. The bark of tree overgrown with moss and lichen.
RMRH8XH7–. Botany for high schools and colleges. Botany. Fig. 'i^H.—Collema pulposum, slightly magnified, showing the apothecia.—After Sachs. cine. Species of Evernia are sometimes used for furnishing yellow dyes. Family 2. Parmeliei. Speei schneidera, Theloschistes, Parmelia Physcia (Fig. 202), Pyxiiie. From Parmelia parietina fine dyes have been obtained. Family 3. XJmbilicariei. TlmUlicOr ria. ram.ily 4. Peltigerei. Sticta (Fig. 213), Nephroma, Peltigera, Solorinn. Stic- ta pulmonacea was formerly used in medi- cine, but it has fallen into disuse, except- ing with quacks. Fam.ily 5. Pannariei. Heppi
RF2BE67A4–Macrophotography. The bark of tree overgrown with moss and lichen.
RMRDW9T9–. Botany for high schools and colleges. Botany. 298 BOTANY. ascus (the so-called free cell formation). Usually there is a considerable quantity of the unused protoplasm left over after the ascospores are fully formed (Fig. 304, a, h, c). The usual number of ascospores is eight (Figs. 202, 203, 204), although in exceptional genera they range from one or two (Umbilicaria) to a hundred or more (Bactrospora, and other genera). They are frequently septate, sometimes being di- vided into two portions—e.g., Parmelia (Fig. 202)—or many, as in Gollema Urceolaria, etc. In the gymnocarpous lichens the as
RF2BE679R–Macrophotography. The bark of tree overgrown with moss and lichen.
RMRDWABB–. Botany for high schools and colleges. Botany. 298 BOTANY. aseus (the so-called free cell formation). Usually there is a considerable quantity of the unused protoplasm left over after the ascospores are fully formed (Fig. 304, a, b, c). The usual number of ascospores is eight (Figs. 302, 303, 304), although in exceptional genera they range from one or two (Umbilicaria) to a hundred or more {Bactrospora, and other genera). They are frequently septate, sometimes being di- vided into two portions—e.^., Parmelia (Fig. 202)—or many, as in Gollema Urceolaria, etc. In the gymnocarpous lichens the as
RF2BE679F–Macrophotography. The bark of tree overgrown with moss and lichen.
RMRDW9R2–. Botany for high schools and colleges. Botany. LIGHENE8. 309 cine. Species of Ehernia are sometimes used for furnishing yellow dyes. Family 2. Parmeliei. Speei schneidera, Theloschistes, Parmelia (Fig. 202), Physcia, Pyxine. From Parmelia panetina fine dyes have been obtained. Family 3. Umbilicariei. Umbilica- ria. Family 4. Peltigerei. Slicta (Fig. 313), N&phroma, Peltigera, Bolorina. Btie- ta pulmonaeea was formerly used in medi- cine, but it has fallen into disuse, except- ing with quacks. Family 5. Pannariei. Meppia, Pan- nana. Family 6. CoUemei. Ephebe, Lich- ina, Synalissa, Omphalar
RFT41K7W–Macro photography. The old blackboard overgrown with moss and lichen.
RMRDWDNN–. Elementary botany. Botany. 382 ECOLOG V. figures of varied color. Disintegrating rock, debris of plants and animals, join to form the virgin soil. Certain of the blue- green algae, as well as some of the mosses, are able to gain a foothold on rocks and assist in this process of soil formation.. Fig 481. Rock lichen (Parmelia contigua). A view of rocks thrown down by the melting and retreating edge of a glacier in Greenland is shown in fig. 481. These rocks at the time the photograph was taken had no plant life on them. At other places in the vicinity of this glacier, rocks longer uncov- ered
RFT41KAC–Macro photography. The old blackboard overgrown with moss and lichen.
RMRR358Y–. Acta Soc. pro Fauna et Flora Fennica. Natural history. Acta Soc. pro F. et Fl. Fenn. 39, N:o 1. TAF. 5.. Fhotogr. Carl Skottsberg. Fig 1. Parmelia saxatilis. Ostspiken.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Societas pro Fauna et Flora Fennica; Societas pro Fauna et Flora Fennica. Acta Societatis pro Fauna et Flora Fennica. Helsinki, Societas
RFT41KCP–Macro photography. The old blackboard overgrown with moss and lichen.
RMRGKAB3–. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). Botany; Botany. 222 H. KROG & T. D. V. SWINSCOW TLC: salazinic acid, lichexanthone (in the medulla, which reacts UV+ bright yellow), atranorin. Parmelia ultralucens is the only African Amphigymnia species which produces liche- xanthone in the medulla. The species is rare in East Africa; it has been collected twice in the Usambara Mountains in Tanzania at about 900 m altitude. Outside our area it is largely a pantropical to temperate species with its main distribution area in the southeastern US and Central America (Krog, 1974, Fig. 2) Eas
RFT41KCK–Macro photography. The old blackboard overgrown with moss and lichen.
RMRGKA9A–. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). Botany; Botany. PARMELIA (AMPHIGYMNIA) IN EAST AFRICA 227. Fig. 31 Parmelia sp. B, K 54/109 (O). Rule = 1 cm. rugose towards the centre. Medulla white. Underside entirely white, rhizines white, black- tipped, or black. Soralia mainly marginal, linear. Apothecia and pycnidia not seen. TLC: protolichesterinic acid, atranorin. We believe that 'species B' is the sorediate counterpart of P. leonis, newly described in this work. However, in the absence of both apothecia and pycnidia we feel that the relationship is not conclusively proved. At prese
RFT41KEP–Macro photography. The old blackboard overgrown with moss and lichen.
RMRDFMXE–. Class-book of botany : being outlines of the structure, physiology, and classification of plants ; with a flora of the United States and Canada . Botany; Botany; Botany. 551, Frustules of a, Diatomaceous Ah (Diatoma marinum) separating from eac other.. Lichens, 530, Cladonia; the minute thallus at the base of the podetia. cup-lilce 5bove, bearing scarlet conceptaclcs. 531, LTsnea. 532, Sticta. 533, Parmelia. 534, Ueceptacle, vertical sec- tion. 535, A portion (highly magnified) with thecffi and paraphases. 536, A spore (double). numerous spores. In ferns they grow on the back of the fronds i
RFT41KDW–Macro photography. The old blackboard overgrown with moss and lichen.
RMRE1MNC–. Elementary botany. Botany. 382 Ecology. figures of varied color. Disintegrating rock, debris of plants and animals, join to form the virgin soil. Certain of the blue- green algae, as well as some of the mosses, are able to gain a foothold on rocks and assist in this process of soil formation.. Fig. 481. Rock lichen (Parmelia contigua). A view of rocks thrown down by the melting and retreating edge of a glacier in Greenland is shown in fig. 482. These rocks at the time the photograph was taken had no plant life on them. At other places in the vicinity of this glacier, rocks longer un- covered
RFT41JY6–Macro photography. The old blackboard overgrown with moss and lichen.
RMRDTPKP–. Lichens. Lichens. Fig. 49. Parmelia caperata Ach. (S. H., Photo.). The felted medulla is characteristic of most lichens and is formed of loose slender branching septate hyphae with thickish walls. This interwoven hyphal texture provides abundant air-spaces. Hue^ has noted that the walls of the medullary hyphae in Parmeliae are smooth, unless they have been exposed to great extremes of heat or cold, when they become wrinkled or scaly. They are very thick-walled in Pelti- gera (Fig. 50). /I' 0 I J. Fig. 50. Hyphae from lower medulla of Peltigera canina DC. x 600. 1 Hue 1808.. Please note that
RFT41K77–Macro photography. The old blackboard overgrown with moss and lichen.
RMREKMGE–. Class-book of botany : being outlines of the structure, physiology and classification of plants : with a flora of the United States and Canada. Botany; Botany; Botany. 551, Frustules of a Diatomaceous Alga (Diatoma marinuin) separating from each other.. 530 Lichens, 530, Cladonia; the minnte thallns at the base of the podetia. cnp-like above, bearing scarlet conceptacles. ">"1. I'snea. 583, Sticta. 638, Parmelia. 534, Receptacle, vertical sec- tion. 535, A portion (highly magnified) with thecal and paraphases. 536, A spore (double). numerous spores. In ferns they grow on the bac
RFT41KDC–Macro photography. The old blackboard overgrown with moss and lichen.
RMRDX2YW–. Lichens. Lichens. B Fig. III. Immersed spermogonia. A, globose m Parmelia acetabulum Dub. x 600; B, with infolded walls in Lecidea (Psora) testacea Ach. x 144 (after Gliick). A second series, also immersed, are borne in small protuberances of the thallus. These very prominent forms are rarely found in crustaceous lichens, but they are characteristic of such well-known species as Ramalina fraxinea, Xanthoria parietina, Ricasolia amplissima, Baeomyces roseus, etc. Other sper- mogonia project slightly above the level of the thallus, as in Cladoniapapillaria and Lecidea lurida; while in a few in
RFT41K4C–Macro photography. The old blackboard overgrown with moss and lichen.
RMRDX2RH–. Lichens. Lichens. ERRATIC LICHENS 259 bind the mass together. Meyer says that " wanderers " have been noted as belonging to Parmelia acetabulum, Platysmaglaucum and Anaptychia ciliaris. The most notable instance in Britain of the "erratic" habit is that of Parmelia revoluta y-ax. concentrica (Fig. 121), first found on Melbury Hill â - ^ V ft;/i«.>x^:^ iM^MrM.. ^K .5; â¢>i'^ %' ^l^SlSSS^i :H,'. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations
RFT41KED–Macro photography. The old blackboard overgrown with moss and lichen.
RMRDTPK5–. Lichens. Lichens. A B Fig- 53. Rhizoid of Parmelia exasperata Carroll (P. aspidota Rosend.). A, hyphae growing out from lower cortex x 450. B, tip of rhizoid with gelatinous sheath x 335 (after Rosendahl). provided with a lower cortex of plectenchyma. In foliose lichens they are frequently abundant, though by no means universal, and attach the spreading fronds to the support. They originate, as Schwendener^ pointed out, from the outer cortical cells, exactly as do the cilia, and are scattered over the 1 Darbishire 1897. 2 Schwendener i860.. Please note that these images are extracted from sc
RFT41KD6–Macro photography. The old blackboard overgrown with moss and lichen.
RMRD3RY0–. Elementary botany. Botany. 382 ECOLOGY. figures of varied color. Disintegrating rock, debris of plants and animals, join to form the virgin soil. Certain of the blue- green algae, as well as some of the mosses, are able to gain a foothold on rocks and assist in this process of soil formation.. Fig. 481. Rock lichen (Parmelia contigua). A view of rocks thrown down by the melting and retreating edge of a glacier in Greenland is shown in fig. 481. These rocks at the time the photograph was taken had no plant life on them. At other places in the vicinity of this glacier, rocks longer uncov- ered
RFT41KHC–Macro photography. The old blackboard overgrown with moss and lichen.
RMRGJGD7–. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). Botany; Botany. PARMELIA (AMPHIGYMNIA) IN EAST AFRICA 183 seen in the East African specimen. (Mexican specimens in O have stipitate apothecia with perforate discs, and spores 12-16 x 8-10 pirn. The conidia are rod-shaped to shortly filiform, 8-10 jum long.) TLC: salazinic acid, atranorin. It is with considerable hesitation that we identify our sterile specimen as P. eurysaca, but the laciniate central lobes and the content of salazinic acid point to that species. The specimen grew in a rain forest in the Uluguru Mountains in Tanzania between
RFT41KG2–Macro photography. The old blackboard overgrown with moss and lichen.
RMRH8XHK–. Botany for high schools and colleges. Botany. LIGHENES. 309. Fig. 'i^H.—Collema pulposum, slightly magnified, showing the apothecia.—After Sachs. cine. Species of Evernia are sometimes used for furnishing yellow dyes. Family 2. Parmeliei. Speei schneidera, Theloschistes, Parmelia Physcia (Fig. 202), Pyxiiie. From Parmelia parietina fine dyes have been obtained. Family 3. XJmbilicariei. TlmUlicOr ria. ram.ily 4. Peltigerei. Sticta (Fig. 213), Nephroma, Peltigera, Solorinn. Stic- ta pulmonacea was formerly used in medi- cine, but it has fallen into disuse, except- ing with quacks. Fam.ily 5. P
RFT41KF9–Macro photography. The old blackboard overgrown with moss and lichen.
RMRHWHY2–. Bergens Museums aarbok. Science; Natural history. Fig. 31. Links oben eine Parmelia saxatllls im Begriff ein Polster von Grimtnia maritima zu iiberziehen. Rechts ein kleines Polster von Ulota phyllantha von derselben Flechte getotet und bedeckt. Zu unterst Parmelia saxatllls im Kampf mit Anaptychia fusca (der dunklen Art). Man sieht auch ein Exemplar von Ramalina Cv rnow 11 (1 1). (Worm-Pettersen phot., Kristiania). Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may
RFT41KD7–Macro photography. The old blackboard overgrown with moss and lichen.
RMRJBYWJ–. chang jiang san jiao zhou ji lin jin di qu bao zi zhi wu zhi ???????????????. botany. M H^tl i n M f H n f i M ! n M M t M ! 150. Parmelia mellissii. 152. Parmelia praesorediosa. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. shang hai zi ran bo wu guan bian zhu?????????. shang hai ke xue ji shu chu ban she?????????
RFT41K3H–Macro photography. The old blackboard overgrown with moss and lichen.
RMRGKAFW–. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). Botany; Botany. 202 H. KROG & T. D. V. SWINSCOW. Fig. 21 Parmelia pigmentifera Krog & Swinscow, holotype (O). Rule = 1 cm. occurring in East Africa), which, however, has perforate apothecia, filiform conidia, and different ecological requirements. Parmelia pigmentifera grows on twigs in mangroves on the Kenyan coast, and has also been collected at 70 m altitude near the coast in Tanzania. East African records Kenya. Coast Province, Kilifi District, Mida Creek, 3K 29/112 (type collection). Tanzania. Eastern Province, Rufiji District, N
RFT41KBW–Macro photography. The old blackboard overgrown with moss and lichen.
RMRGKABR–. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). Botany; Botany. PARMELIA (AMPHIGYMNIA) IN EAST AFRICA 221 (Jn/i-wi+fliet uJ*nA*ni* &». y Fig. 27 Parmelia uberrima Hue, holotype (PC). Rule = 1 cm. uberrima may be regarded as conspecific with P. argentina, but for the time being it seems better to regard them as distinct species. Parmelia uberrima is mainly a lowland species which has been collected from sea level up to 2000 m altitude; it was locally common on a lava flow in Kenya at 1000 m, where it grew on twigs and thinner branches of shrubs, accompanied by, for example, P. leonis,
RFT41JYA–Macro photography. The old blackboard overgrown with moss and lichen.
RMRR358T–. Acta Soc. pro Fauna et Flora Fennica. Natural history. Fhotogr. Carl Skottsberg. Fig 1. Parmelia saxatilis. Ostspiken.. Fig. 2. Senkrechte W-Flaehe: Alect. chalybaeiformis u. Ram. scopulorum in d. Richtung des SW-Windes, Ram. subfarinacea. Farm, saxatilis. Storlandet.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Societas pro Fauna et Flora Fennica; Societas pro Fauna et Flora Fennica. Acta Societatis pro Fauna et Flor
RFT41KBM–Macro photography. The old blackboard overgrown with moss and lichen.
RMRDW9TM–. Botany for high schools and colleges. Botany. Fig. 9X&.—Parmelia aipolia. A, a portion of a thallus with two apothecia a», and several spermasonia. «, a. B, transverse section of tiiallus tlirough an apothe- cium ; cc, cortical layer of pseudo-parenchyma; j7, g', sonidial Inyery ; cm, medul- lary layer j h,h, liypothecium ; ^,/, ^. ^thc hymeriiimi ; jfA, asci (thecae) witli ascospores. (7, section through three spermai;onia, s..', s; rh, rh. rhizoids. D, ctcrigmata from the interior of a spermagouium, bearing speriuaLia s' 8', AftQt'. Please note that these images are extracted from scan
RFT41K70–Macro photography. The old blackboard overgrown with moss and lichen.
RMRGK00E–. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). Botany; Botany. Fig. 4 Cornutispora lichenicola (IMI 186831—holotype). A, Conidiogenous cells. B, Conidia. Reproduced from Hawksworth (1976 : 52). Somerset, Nettlecombe Park, on Parmelia sulcata, 20 September 1980, D. L. Hawkswvrth 5069 (IMI 251487!). Scotland, Kintyre, c. 7 km SW of Crinan, on islet N of Carsaig Island, on Lobaria pulmonaria, 14 August 1977, N. Brandt (E!, IMI 224707!; with Endophragmiella hughesii). —Italy: Sudtirol, Otztaler Alpen, Vinschgau, on Rhizoplaca chrysoleuca, 18 October 1975, J. Hafellner (GZU!; with Lichenoconiu
RFT41JYK–Macro photography. The old blackboard overgrown with moss and lichen.
RMRHKEPK–. Biologisches Centralblatt. Biology; Biology. 246 Keller, Fortschritte auf dein Gebiete der Pflanzenphysiologie und -biologie. Art Günstigste Entwicklung. Beginnende Verkümmerung. Verrucaria calciseda Xanthoria parietina Psora lucida . . Physcia tenella . Endocarpon miniatum. Diesen lichtsuchenden Flechten stehen nun wieder andere gegen- über, die stärkeres Licht meiden. Parmelia saxatilis beobachtete Verf. an Baumstämmen bei lz—1/56, wobei das Optimum des Lichtgenusses bei xl8—vin liegt. Bezüglich der tropischen Orchideen erwähnt Verf. eine Reihe von Fällen, in denen auch bei einem sehr ges
RFT41K26–Macro photography. The old blackboard overgrown with moss and lichen.
RMRJC01B–. chang jiang san jiao zhou ji lin jin di qu bao zi zhi wu zhi ???????????????. botany. 120, Parmelia dentata 124. Parmelia fertiUs. 125. Parmelia marmariza immm HI mrmmmm!m 129. Parmelia formosana itmiiiiii 135. Parmelia dissecta ??11. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. shang hai zi ran bo wu guan bian zhu?????????. shang hai ke xue ji shu chu ban she?????????
RFT41K6X–Macro photography. The old blackboard overgrown with moss and lichen.
RMRGKAD3–. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). Botany; Botany. 218 H. KROG & T. D. V. SWINSCOW. Fig. 25 Parmelia taitae Krog & Swinscow, holotype (O). Rule = 1 cm. Type: Kenya, Coast Province, Taita District, Taita Hills, Mt Iyale, 3° 23' S, 38° 20' E, alt. 1980 m, epilithic on granitic rock, 9 December 1973, coll. /. Nordal no. INB 727 (O— holotype). Parmelia eborina Hale, described from Central America, has similar spores and conidia but lacks cilia, has subsessile apothecia, and produces protocetraric acid without the addition of fumarprotocetraric acid. It is possible that P.
RFT41K2D–Macro photography. The old blackboard overgrown with moss and lichen.
RMRDEG03–. A text-book of mycology and plant pathology . Plant diseases; Fungi in agriculture; Plant diseases; Fungi. 8o MYCOtOGY. Fig. 26.—A foliaceous lichen, Parmelia perlata. i, Plant slightly reduced in size; a, apothecia; b, lobe of thallus; c, patches of soredia; 2, longitudinal section of apothecium and cross-section of thallus; o, ascus; b, c, hypothecium; d. upper gonidial (upper algal) layer; e, medullary layer; /, lower gonidial layer; g, lower cortical layer; I, 3, cross-section of vegetative thallus. (From Gager. After Schneider.). Please note that these images are extracted from scanned
RFT41KG6–Macro photography. The old blackboard overgrown with moss and lichen.
RMRGKAG9–. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). Botany; Botany. PARMELIA (AMPHIGYMNIA) IN EAST AFRICA 199 (1974). Type: Formosa, Kural, 250 m, Kurokawa 1487 (TNS—holotype). [TLC: norstictic acid, galbinic acid, salazinic acid, atranorin.] Thallus corticolous, loosely attached, pale green-grey. Lobes up to 06 cm broad, deeply divided, laciniae 1*2-1 '5 mm broad, sublinear, dichotomously branched, ciliate, cilia 1-2 mm long. Upper side faintly to distinctly maculate, often cracked. Medulla white. Underside black in the centre, with a white or mottled marginal zone mainly restricted to the la
RFT41KA8–Macro photography. The old blackboard overgrown with moss and lichen.
RMRDX2YP–. Lichens. Lichens. 196 REPRODUCTION In size they vary from such minute bodies as those in Parmelia exasperata which measure 25-35 A'' i" diam., up to nearly i mm. in Lobaria laetevirens. As a rule, they range from about 150/i to 400 yu, across the widest part, and are generally rather longer than broad. They open above by a small slit or pore called the ostiole about 20 yii to 100 /x wide which is frequently dark in colour. In one in- stance, in Icmadophila aeruginosa, Nien- burg' has described a spermogonium with a wide opening, the spermatiophores being massed in palisade formation alo
RFT41KHA–Macro photography. The old blackboard overgrown with moss and lichen.
RMRH979G–. Botanisk tidsskrift. Plants; Plants -- Denmark. — 93 — og soni oftest spiller i alle mulige Nuancer af Graat. Skorpelike- kenerne er de mest udbredte, isser Sleegterne Lecanoru (L. tartarea, L. atra o. a), Lecidea, Placodium og Squamaria (S. gelida) og Buellia; men ogsaa bladformede Likener er blandt Lithofytvegeta- tionens Karakterplanter; almindelige er saaledes Parmelia saxatilis. XanthoHa parietina aureola og Gyrophora {cylindrical. — De hyp- pigste litbofile Mosser er Andrecea petroyhila og Gri?nmia-Artev (G. fascicular is, G. acicularis, G. heterosticha, G. apocarpa o. fl.);. Fig. 17.
RFT41KAB–Macro photography. The old blackboard overgrown with moss and lichen.
RMRHW5FY–. Berichte der Bayerischen Botanischen Gesellschaft zur Erforschung der heimischen Flora. Botany; Botany. - 48 - 1. Parmelia obscura cycloselis,. Solorina saccata (III. 1), 2. Placynthium nigrum, 3. Physcia decipiens, 4. Ph. murorum, 5. Acarospora glaucocarpa, 6. Aspicilia calcarea: concreta, 7. Biatora rupestris: rufescens, 8. Bilimbia sabuletorum (IV. 4), Y. 2: Mörtel, mortarium. Die beiden mit * bezeichneten Flechten wurden um München nur auf Mörtel beobachtet. Den steinbewohnenden Flechten können die auf dem Mörtel der Mauern sich einfindenden Arten angereiht werden. Es sind mit Ausnahme d
RFT41KBP–Macro photography. The old blackboard overgrown with moss and lichen.
RMRJBYWX–. chang jiang san jiao zhou ji lin jin di qu bao zi zhi wu zhi ???????????????. botany. 147. Parmelia cluvulifera 149. Parmelia eciliata. M H^tl i n M f H n f i M ! n M M t M ! 150. Parmelia mellissii. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. shang hai zi ran bo wu guan bian zhu?????????. shang hai ke xue ji shu chu ban she?????????
RFT41JYJ–Macro photography. The old blackboard overgrown with moss and lichen.
RMRDWABR–. Botany for high schools and colleges. Botany. Kg. WSa.—Parmelia aipolia. A, a portion of a thallus with two apothecia, ap, and several spermagonia. fi, fi. 5, transverse section of thallus through an apothe- cinm ; cc, cortical layer of pseudo-parenchyma ; g, g gonidial layers ; cm, medul- lary layer ; h. h, hypothecium ; t, t^ t, t, the hymenium ; t?i, asci (thecae), with ascospores. C, section through three spermagonia, s.s,s; rh'.rh, rhizoids. D, stcrigmata from the interior of a spermagonium, bearing spermalia, s «'.—After Tulasne.. Please note that these images are extracted from scan
RFT41KBN–Macro photography. The old blackboard overgrown with moss and lichen.
RMRHW6C9–. Berichte der Deutschen Botanischen Gesellschaft. Plants; Plants -- Germany. Die Beziehungen der Kieselflechten zu ihrer Unterlage. 469 frischen Bruchflächen c, c', c" fehlten die flechtenerfüllten Grübchen. Endlich hatte sich vom oberen Rande her ein Lager von Parmelia subaurifera Nyl. bis zu 2% cm Breite über den Stein ausgebreitet. In trockenem Zustande ließ sich diese Blattflechte nicht ohne arge Verletzung und unter Zurücklassung beträchtlicher Unter- rindenteile von dem Stein trennen. War sie aber mit Wasser längere Zeit aufgeweicht worden, so gelang die Trennung bei vorsichtigem D
RFT41KMK–Macro photography. The old blackboard overgrown with moss and lichen.
RMRH9K95–. Botanisk tidsskrift. Botany; Plants; Plants. — 93 — og som oftest spiller i alle mulige Nuancer af Graat. Skorpelike- kenerne er de mest udbredte, især Slægterne Lecanora (L. tartar ea, L. atra o. a), Lecidea, Placodium og Squamaria (S. gelida) og Buellia; men ogsaa bladformede Likener er blandt Lithofytvegeta- tionens Karakterplanter; almindelige er saaledes Parmelia saxatilis, Xanthoria parietina aureola og Gyrophora (cylindrica). — De hyp- pigste lithofile Mosser er Andreæa petrophila og Grimmia-Arter (G. fascicularis, G. acicularis, G. heterosticha, G. apocarpa o. fl.);. Fig. 17. Et Part
RFT41K0W–Macro photography. The old blackboard overgrown with moss and lichen.
RMRGKAHA–. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). Botany; Botany. 96 H. KROG & T. D. V. SWINSCOW. Fig. 18 Parmelia maclayana Mull. Arg., Nordal INB 849 (O). Rule = 1 cm. Thallus corticolous or saxicolous, coriaceous, pale grey. Lobes (0-5) 1-2 (2*5) cm broad, entire or crenate-dentate, ciliate, cilia sparse, 0'5-2 (3) mm long. Upper side emaculate, irregularly cracked towards the centre. Medulla white. Underside smooth or rugose, black in the centre, with a dark brown marginal zone, rhizines of medium length, in scattered groups, sometimes coming close to the margins. Soralia and isidia
RFT41KEN–Macro photography. The old blackboard overgrown with moss and lichen.
RMRGJGDR–. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). Botany; Botany. PARMELIA (AMPHIGYMNIA) IN EAST AFRICA East African record Kenya. Eastern Province, Machakos District, Ol Doinyo Sapuk, 20 km SE of Thika, 2 K 1/108. 20. Parmelia euneta Stirton 181 Fig. 9 Scott. Nat. 4:298 (1877-78).—Parmotrema eunetum (Stirton) Hale, Phytologia 28:336 (1974). Type: Africa (tropical), Victoria, Thomson s.n. (BM—holotype). [TLC: gyrophoric acid, atranorin.] Parmelia composita Hale, Phytologia 23 : 243 (1972).—Parmotrema compositum (Hale) Hale, Phytologia 28 : 335 (1974). Type: Tanzania, Arusha Province, Mt Meru
RFT41K90–Macro photography. The old blackboard overgrown with moss and lichen.
RMRD40D5–. Dansk plantevaekst. Plants; Plant ecology. 1. Klippekystens Plantevækst 17 Xanthoria parietina, Physcia aqiiila); desuden findes Parmelia ompha- lodes, Ramalina scopulorum o. fl. Det nævnte Mos, Grimraia niaritima, optræder ogsaa andensteds, f. Eks. paa Aarsdales Strandklipper (Bornholms Østkyst) sammen. Fig. Skraaning paa Strandklipperne ved Hammershus med Tuer af Grimmia maritima m. fl. (Juni 1903: E.W.). med Stereodon resupinatus, Weissia phyllantha, Orthotrichum urni- gerum; endvidere paa Kullen o. a. St. Omkring de højeste af de nævnte Klipper ved Hammerhus, og hvor et Lag af Vejrsmuldr
RFT41K06–Macro photography. The old blackboard overgrown with moss and lichen.
RMRHWHW1–. Bergens Museums aarbok. Science; Natural history. 124 Rolf Nordhagen. In den Ramalineta, die die Feisen oft so dicht wie ein Pelz iiberziehen, treten oft einige andere Flechten auf, so Anap- tychia fusca, Xanthorla parietina, Parmelia fuliglnosa, P. saxa- tilis, P. omphalodes u. a., besonders wo die Ramalina-kxttn nicht zu dicht stehen. Auch Krustenflechten wie Lecanora clnerea, Rhizocarpon geographicam, Lecidea elæochroma f. tatypea u. a. sind oft dabei, z. T. wohl als Oberbleibsel von fruheren Flechtengesellschaften. Obrigens ist die Grenze zwischen den Ramallneta und ånderen Flechtengesel
RFT41KGM–Macro photography. The old blackboard overgrown with moss and lichen.
RMRH9KPP–. Botanisk tidsskrift. Botany; Plants; Plants. - 306 — nøgne Stenflader i Slotslyngen er især beklædte med Laver (Par- melia saxatilis, P. olivacea, Umbilicarier, Buellia geographica o. a.). Her ser man undertiden herlige brune, spættede Hugorme ligge og sove i Solvarmen. I Paradisdalen nær Mølle vigen er en lille lavvandet Dam, hvor følgende Bælter fandtes. Øverst voksede Saxifraga granu-. (Fot. E, W.) Fig. 9. Slotslyngen ved Hammershus; 6. Juni 1899. Klipperne er bevok- sede med Laver [Parmelia saxatilis, Parmelia olivacea, Lecanora spp., etc.), og Mosser. Mellem Klipperne Athyrium filix fem
RFT41KEB–Macro photography. The old blackboard overgrown with moss and lichen.
RMRGJGJG–. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). Botany; Botany. Fig. 1 Conidia in genus Parmelia s. lat. a: conidiophore with filiform conidia, P. euneta Stirton, 3K 16/122. b: bifusiform conidium, P. ducalis Jatta, E 30/12. c: sublageniform conidium, P. maclayana Miill. Arg., Ryvarden 9032. d: unciform conidium, P. subpraesignis Nyl., T 16/137. e: rod-shaped conidium, P. eciliata (Nyl.) Nyl., 4 May 1978, Dahls.n. Sublageniform conidia with one or two darker 'dots' (see below under rod-shaped conidia) have been seen in the subgenus Everniiformes. (c) Unciform conidia. We have chosen this t
RFT41K92–Macro photography. The old blackboard overgrown with moss and lichen.
RMRGKAK9–. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). Botany; Botany. 90 H. KROG & T. D. V. SWINSCOW 29. Parmelia jacarandicola Krog & Swinscow sp. nov. Fig. 14 Thallus corticola, griseus. Lobi 1-2 cm lati, crenati, ciliis 0*5-2 (3) mm longis, superne leviter maculati. Soralia isidiaque nulla. Apothecia submarginalia, stipitata, disco perforate Spori 15-16 x 8-10/zm. Conidia filiformia, 10-15 /im longa. Acidum gyrophoricum, acidum psoromicum, et atranorinum continens. Thallus corticolous, loosely attached, pale grey. Lobes 1-2 cm broad, crenate, ciliate, cilia 05-2 (3) mm long. Upper sid
RFT41K24–Macro photography. The old blackboard overgrown with moss and lichen.
RMRGKAEG–. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). Botany; Botany. PARMELIA (AMPHIGYMNIA) IN EAST AFRICA 207 Rubanda County, 1 km W of Hamurwa, 3U 46/3. Ankole District, Igara County, 1 km E of Lubare Ride Pass, Lye L 398 (herb. Lye). 49. Parmelia rava Krog & Swinscow sp. nov. Fig. 23 Thallus corticola, ravus. Lobi 0*5—1 (1*5) cm lati, integri vel leniter crenati, eciliati, superne emaculati. Soralia marginalia, vulgo ad laminam extensa, sorediis granulosis. Apothecia ad laminam, disco imperforato. Spori 18-20 (22) x 8-10 jum. Conidia filiformia, 10—12 //m longa. Acidum protocetraricum, a
RFT41K05–Macro photography. The old blackboard overgrown with moss and lichen.
RMRH9KRM–. Botanisk tidsskrift. Botany; Plants; Plants. — 302 — Klipperevner og paa Klippehylder. Herfra har jeg noteret bl. a. Allium oleraceum, Erythræa littoralis, Cotoneaster, Heracleum Sphon-. (Fot. li. W.) Fig. 7. Hammershus; Slotsklippens vestlige Fod; 9. Juli 1901. De fleste Laver paa Klipperne er Ramalina scopulorum, Parmelia saxatilis og om- phalodes. Nederst til højre under den mørke Skygge er der sorte Liken- skorper i en bred Stribe ned ad Klippen. Oppe i Klipperevnerne og paa Hylderne vokser mange Græsser (Anthoxanthum odoratum i stor Mængde, Avena pratensis og elatior, Aira flexuosa, Fes
RFT41K82–Macro photography. The old blackboard overgrown with moss and lichen.
RMRGKADP–. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). Botany; Botany. 212 H. KROG & T. D. V. SWINSCOW East African records Kenya. Rift Valley Province, Uasin Gishu District, near Sergoi, 27 km S of Chebiemit, 2K 9/9; Nakuru District, 5 km WNW of Gilgil, 5K 18/8. Coast Province, Taita District, N of Mwanda Summit, 2K28/104a. [? Tanzania] Ririre Karapo, Stuhlmann 3301 (G—type collection). Uganda. Ankole District, Nyabushozi County, 20 km E of Mbarara, near county boundary, 2U 22/12. 55. Parmelia subarnoldii des Abb. Fig. 24 Mem. Inst, scient. Madagascar B, 10: 113 (1961).—Parmotrema subarnoldi
RFT41K96–Macro photography. The old blackboard overgrown with moss and lichen.