RMPG3NY1–. Fungous diseases of plants : with chapters on physiology, culture methods and technique . Fungi in agriculture. FUNGI IMPERFECTI 347 Phyllosticta maculicola Hals.1 is the cause of a very common leaf spot of several species of Dracaena and Cordyline. The spots are characterized by pale centers an'd reddish or purplish borders. The disease is sometimes severe in greenhouses where it has long been allowed to proceed unchecked. It is, however, readily pre- vented by spraying with potassium sulfide solution. Phyllosticta Ampelopsidis Ell. & Mart, is perhaps closely related to the fungus causi
RMRDE59B–. The fungi which cause plant disease . Plant diseases; Fungi. THE FUNGI WHICH CAUSE PLANT DISEASE 519 In part=Mycosph£erella, Leptosphcpria. The genus is a very large one similar to Phoma and Phyllosticta except in its spore form and in the ostiole which is frequently very large. Septoria and Phleospora are distinguished only by the lesser development of the walls of the latter and many species which in early stages pass as Phleospora would in older stages be classed as Septoria. Septoria and Rhabdospora are distinguished only by the part of the host affected, stem or leaf, and many forms in
RMPG45PN–. The fungi which cause plant disease . Plant diseases; Fungi. THE FUNGI WHICH CAUSE PLANT DISEASE 519 In part=Mycosph£erella, Leptosphcpria. The genus is a very large one similar to Phoma and Phyllosticta except in its spore form and in the ostiole which is frequently very large. Septoria and Phleospora are distinguished only by the lesser development of the walls of the latter and many species which in early stages pass as Phleospora would in older stages be classed as Septoria. Septoria and Rhabdospora are distinguished only by the part of the host affected, stem or leaf, and many forms in
RMRDHTBK–. Fungi; their nature and uses. Fungi. 124 FUNGI. of short threads, either enclosed in a perithecium, or seated upon a kind of stroma. These are exceedingly variable, sometimes large, and multiseptate, at other times minute, resembling sper- matia. In such genera as are chiefly epiphytal, in Septoria, Phyllosticta, and their allies, the minute spores are enclosed within membranaceous perithecia, and when mature these are ejected from the orifice at the apex, or are exposed by the break- ing off of the upper portion of the perithecia. In Diplodia and Hendersonia the spores are larger, mostly co
RMPG44RG–. A text-book of mycology and plant pathology . Plant diseases; Fungi in agriculture; Plant diseases; Fungi. FUNGI IMPERKECTX (dEUTEROMYCETES) 261 groups of ASCOMYCETALES. Four families are included in this order, and these families include a considerable number of important genera of fungi, which specifically are the cause of important plant diseases. Phyllosticta is a genus, the species of which are confined to leaves, and they produce characteristic leaf spots on a great variety of plants. The specific name of the fungus is usually derived from that of the host plant attacked, as for exampl
RMRDE24A–. A text-book of mycology and plant pathology . Plant diseases; Fungi in agriculture; Plant diseases; Fungi. FUNGI IMPERKECTX (dEUTEROMYCETES) 261 groups of ASCOMYCETALES. Four families are included in this order, and these families include a considerable number of important genera of fungi, which specifically are the cause of important plant diseases. Phyllosticta is a genus, the species of which are confined to leaves, and they produce characteristic leaf spots on a great variety of plants. The specific name of the fungus is usually derived from that of the host plant attacked, as for exampl
RMPG3P1W–. Fungous diseases of plants : with chapters on physiology, culture methods and technique . Fungi in agriculture. 3H FUNGOUS DISEASES OF PLANTS. Fig. 146. Cercospora Gossypina: an Isolation Culture XX. CERCOSPORA: OTHER SPECIES Parallel cultures on diverse culture media of a number of species on related hosts would be of special interest. As in the case of Phyllosticta, subse- quently discussed, numerous leaf spots are produced by members of this genus Cerco- spora. Very few cross inocula- tions have been made, and little is really known concerning the limitations of species. When the host pla
RMRDJ67B–. Fungous diseases of plants : with chapters on physiology, culture methods and technique . Fungi in agriculture. FUNGI IMPERFECTI 347 Phyllosticta maculicola Hals.1 is the cause of a very common leaf spot of several species of Dracaena and Cordyline. The spots are characterized by pale centers an'd reddish or purplish borders. The disease is sometimes severe in greenhouses where it has long been allowed to proceed unchecked. It is, however, readily pre- vented by spraying with potassium sulfide solution. Phyllosticta Ampelopsidis Ell. & Mart, is perhaps closely related to the fungus causi
RMPG3YH6–. Fungous diseases of plants : with chapters on physiology, culture methods and technique . Fungi in agriculture. 260 FUNGOUS DISEASES OF PLANTS are produced within which areas the pycnidia may be found. Cuttings may also be affected. The fungus. The pycnidial stage is a characteristic Phoma or Phyllosticta, ioo to 120/i in diameter, as shown in Fig. 113. These are distributed over the affected surfaces, and produce abundant conidia, which are hyaline, obovoidal, frequently trun- cated at the apex, measuring 10.5-13.5 X 5-6/*. The conidia are appendaged, and they are expelled from the perithec
RMRDJF5B–. Fungous diseases of plants : with chapters on physiology, culture methods and technique . Fungi in agriculture. 260 FUNGOUS DISEASES OF PLANTS are produced within which areas the pycnidia may be found. Cuttings may also be affected. The fungus. The pycnidial stage is a characteristic Phoma or Phyllosticta, ioo to 120/i in diameter, as shown in Fig. 113. These are distributed over the affected surfaces, and produce abundant conidia, which are hyaline, obovoidal, frequently trun- cated at the apex, measuring 10.5-13.5 X 5-6/*. The conidia are appendaged, and they are expelled from the perithec
RMPG4GMB–. The fungi which cause plant disease . Plant diseases; Fungi. Fig. 104.—P. trifolii. Ascus and paraph- yses; germinating spores. After Ches- ter. spores hyaline, 10-14 fi long; paraphyses numerous, filiform. A Phyllosticta thought to be its conidial stage has been reported.*' On dead spots in leaves of alfalfa and black medick. P. trifolii (Bernh.) Fcl. This is closely related to, perhaps identical with, the last species. Sporonema (Sphaeronaema) phacidioides Desm. is supposed to be its conidial form. This co- nidial stage has not however, been observed on alfalfa. Ascocarps mostly epiphyl- l
RMRDJ6C0–. Fungous diseases of plants : with chapters on physiology, culture methods and technique . Fungi in agriculture. 3H FUNGOUS DISEASES OF PLANTS. Fig. 146. Cercospora Gossypina: an Isolation Culture XX. CERCOSPORA: OTHER SPECIES Parallel cultures on diverse culture media of a number of species on related hosts would be of special interest. As in the case of Phyllosticta, subse- quently discussed, numerous leaf spots are produced by members of this genus Cerco- spora. Very few cross inocula- tions have been made, and little is really known concerning the limitations of species. When the host pla
RMPG4GMP–. The fungi which cause plant disease . Plant diseases; Fungi. 148 THE FUNGI WHICH CAUSE PLANT DISEASE. Fig. 104.—P. trifolii. Ascus and paraph- yses; germinating spores. After Ches- ter. spores hyaline, 10-14 fi long; paraphyses numerous, filiform. A Phyllosticta thought to be its conidial stage has been reported.*' On dead spots in leaves of alfalfa and black medick. P. trifolii (Bernh.) Fcl. This is closely related to, perhaps identical with, the last species. Sporonema (Sphaeronaema) phacidioides Desm. is supposed to be its conidial form. This co- nidial stage has not however, been observe
RMRDE6EW–. The fungi which cause plant disease . Plant diseases; Fungi. Fig. 104.—P. trifolii. Ascus and paraph- yses; germinating spores. After Ches- ter. spores hyaline, 10-14 fi long; paraphyses numerous, filiform. A Phyllosticta thought to be its conidial stage has been reported.*' On dead spots in leaves of alfalfa and black medick. P. trifolii (Bernh.) Fcl. This is closely related to, perhaps identical with, the last species. Sporonema (Sphaeronaema) phacidioides Desm. is supposed to be its conidial form. This co- nidial stage has not however, been observed on alfalfa. Ascocarps mostly epiphyl- l
RMPG4E7P–. Diseases of economic plants . Plant diseases. U-2 DISEASES OF ECONOMIC PLANTS MAPLE Leaf spot, phyllostictose {Phyllosticta acericola C. & E.)- — A large proportion of the leaf may become involved, causing premature defoliation which materially lessens the. Fig. 193. — Maple tar spot. After Heald. value of the tree for ornament or shade. The silver maples are especially susceptible, and their sale has thereby been reduced. The leaf spot was first noted in 1874 and is dis- tributed throughout the United States. The blackish, subcircular spots as they enlarge change to brown and later. Ple
RMRDE6F9–. The fungi which cause plant disease . Plant diseases; Fungi. 148 THE FUNGI WHICH CAUSE PLANT DISEASE. Fig. 104.—P. trifolii. Ascus and paraph- yses; germinating spores. After Ches- ter. spores hyaline, 10-14 fi long; paraphyses numerous, filiform. A Phyllosticta thought to be its conidial stage has been reported.*' On dead spots in leaves of alfalfa and black medick. P. trifolii (Bernh.) Fcl. This is closely related to, perhaps identical with, the last species. Sporonema (Sphaeronaema) phacidioides Desm. is supposed to be its conidial form. This co- nidial stage has not however, been observe
RMPG3YHF–. Fungous diseases of plants : with chapters on physiology, culture methods and technique . Fungi in agriculture. ASCOMYCETES 257 mass of mycelium which arises beneath the epidermis. It is broadly elliptical, with a rather thick wall and no indication of a beak (Fig. 112, a). The conidiophores are short and simple, bear- ing spores — ovate or elliptical — measuring ordinarily 8-10 x 7- Sfi. In moist weather the spores are pushed out in vermiform. Fig. iii. Phyllosticta Stage of the Black Rot Fungus (Photograph by H. H. Whetzel) masses and upon dissemination they are capable of immediate germin
RMRDEG99–. Diseases of economic plants . Plant diseases. U-2 DISEASES OF ECONOMIC PLANTS MAPLE Leaf spot, phyllostictose {Phyllosticta acericola C. & E.)- — A large proportion of the leaf may become involved, causing premature defoliation which materially lessens the. Fig. 193. — Maple tar spot. After Heald. value of the tree for ornament or shade. The silver maples are especially susceptible, and their sale has thereby been reduced. The leaf spot was first noted in 1874 and is dis- tributed throughout the United States. The blackish, subcircular spots as they enlarge change to brown and later. Ple
RMPG4G3J–. The fungi which cause plant disease . Plant diseases; Fungi. 238 THE FUNGI WHICH CAUSE PLANT DISEASE Over one hundred thirty species are known. Some are impor- tant parasites. Conidial forms are found in Phoma and Phyllosticta. G. bidwellii (E.) V. & R.^- ^*^"^ Perithecia minute, globose, subepidermal, erumpent, perforate; asci clavate-cylindric, obtuse, 60-70 x 10-13 fi; spores elliptic to oblong, continuous, 12-17 x 43^-5 fi. Conidia (=Phoma uvicola, Phyllosticta labruscae, Naemospora ampeUcida) borne in pycnidia 180 x 180 fi, subepidermal, elliptic,. Fig. 173.—Diagrammatic sectio
RMRPY17J–. Hawaiian Fungi. Fungi. 130 Bernice P. Bishop Museum—Bulletin On Colo casta sp. (taro). Hawaii: Keauhou, Kona, Bishop Estate road, July 23, no. 943; Kilauea, July 16, no. 873. This fungus appears to be of wide distribution on the islands, and its ravages cause such havoc that the leaves are largely or quite destroyed. Since the taro plant is of such high food value in the Hawaiian islands, this disease is of special interest, and it may prove to be of serious economic importance.. Figure28.—Pycnidia and spores: a, of Phyllosticta colocasiophila—section showing pycnidia; b, of Harknessia gunne
RMRDWC2W–. The essentials of botany. Botany. IMPERFECT FUNGI 239 producing whitish or discolored spots, and eventually developing small perithecia-like structures (pycnidia) containing conidia. Species of Phyllosticta are common on leaves of Virginia creeper, wild grape, cottonwood, willow, pansy, peach, apple, wild cherry, elm, etc., while species of Septoria are to be found on leaves of box-elder, aster, thistle, evening primrose, wild lettuce, plum, elder, etc. 412. The Black-dot Fungi (Order Melanconiales) differ from the preceding mainly in the absence of a distinct perithecium, the spores develop
RMRDJF5R–. Fungous diseases of plants : with chapters on physiology, culture methods and technique . Fungi in agriculture. ASCOMYCETES 257 mass of mycelium which arises beneath the epidermis. It is broadly elliptical, with a rather thick wall and no indication of a beak (Fig. 112, a). The conidiophores are short and simple, bear- ing spores — ovate or elliptical — measuring ordinarily 8-10 x 7- Sfi. In moist weather the spores are pushed out in vermiform. Fig. iii. Phyllosticta Stage of the Black Rot Fungus (Photograph by H. H. Whetzel) masses and upon dissemination they are capable of immediate germin
RMRPY143–. Hawaiian Fungi. Fungi. 152 Bernice P. Bishop Museum—Bulletin On Saccharum officinarum "Johnston believes that this fungus has been reported from Hawaii."— Caum. DEMATIACEAE-DIDYMOSPORAE 146. CLADOSPORIUM Link. Sp. PI. Fungi vol. 6, p. 39, 1824 See under Phyllosticta colacasiophila, pp. 129-132. DEMATIACEAE-PHRAGMOSPHOREAE 147. HELMINTHOSPORIUM Link. Berl. Mag. vol. 3, p. 10, 1809 No. 352. Helminthosporium cibotii Stevens and Weedon n. sp. Spots 3-7 mm. in diameter, irregularly circular, center tan-colored, shrunken, thin, surrounded by a densely black border 1-2 mm. wide, which sha
RMRDDBAC–. The fungi which cause plant disease . Plant diseases; Fungi. 238 THE FUNGI WHICH CAUSE PLANT DISEASE Over one hundred thirty species are known. Some are impor- tant parasites. Conidial forms are found in Phoma and Phyllosticta. G. bidwellii (E.) V. & R.^- ^*^"^ Perithecia minute, globose, subepidermal, erumpent, perforate; asci clavate-cylindric, obtuse, 60-70 x 10-13 fi; spores elliptic to oblong, continuous, 12-17 x 43^-5 fi. Conidia (=Phoma uvicola, Phyllosticta labruscae, Naemospora ampeUcida) borne in pycnidia 180 x 180 fi, subepidermal, elliptic,. Fig. 173.—Diagrammatic sectio
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