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. Fresh-water biology. Freshwater biology. 172 FRESH-WATER BIOLOGY 249 (68, 190) Plants of non-septate, branched filaments, fonning felt-like masses on water or earth; or plants minute, growing on the surface of moist earth or in the tissues of higher plants; nuclei, many. Reproduction by zoospores, isogametes, or heterogametes Order Siphonales . 250 Many marine forms; fresh water forms few, differing greatly in appearance and reproduction. 250 (251, 252) Plant a felt-like mass of branched filaments which contain no septa except when reproductive bodies are formed. Vauiheria de Candolle. Plant Stock Photo
RMRDB756–. Fresh-water biology. Freshwater biology. 172 FRESH-WATER BIOLOGY 249 (68, 190) Plants of non-septate, branched filaments, fonning felt-like masses on water or earth; or plants minute, growing on the surface of moist earth or in the tissues of higher plants; nuclei, many. Reproduction by zoospores, isogametes, or heterogametes Order Siphonales . 250 Many marine forms; fresh water forms few, differing greatly in appearance and reproduction. 250 (251, 252) Plant a felt-like mass of branched filaments which contain no septa except when reproductive bodies are formed. Vauiheria de Candolle. Plant
. British fungus-flora. A classified text-book of mycology. Fungi. 2.S FUNGUS-FLOKA.. FIGUEES ILLUSTRATING THE LYCOFEEDEAE, ALSO THE NIDULASIEAE IN PAET. Fig. 1, I/ycoperdon pyriforme, one-third nat. size;â:Fig. 2, Oeaeter hygrometricua; the outer wall of the peridium is split into pointed teetli; half nat. size;âFig. 3, Tulostoma mammosum, entire plant; nat. size;â Fig. i, basidium of same, the four spores are borne laterally; this differs from the basidia of Auricularia and Filaere in not being transversely septate ; highly mag.;âFig. 5, Lyaoperdon nigreaeene, sliowing the separate outer cor Stock Photo
RMRDY5J2–. British fungus-flora. A classified text-book of mycology. Fungi. 2.S FUNGUS-FLOKA.. FIGUEES ILLUSTRATING THE LYCOFEEDEAE, ALSO THE NIDULASIEAE IN PAET. Fig. 1, I/ycoperdon pyriforme, one-third nat. size;â:Fig. 2, Oeaeter hygrometricua; the outer wall of the peridium is split into pointed teetli; half nat. size;âFig. 3, Tulostoma mammosum, entire plant; nat. size;â Fig. i, basidium of same, the four spores are borne laterally; this differs from the basidia of Auricularia and Filaere in not being transversely septate ; highly mag.;âFig. 5, Lyaoperdon nigreaeene, sliowing the separate outer cor
. Botany of the living plant. Botany. FUNGI INTRODUCTORY 405 origin always a false tissue, or pseudo-parenchyma, made up from mdependent filaments, not a true parenchyma produced by segmenta- tion of cells with a common origin. Many Fungi form large solid masses of such pseudo-parenchyma, which are called sclerotia, and serve for storage during a resting period (Fig. 341). The hyphae are limited by a cell-wall, composed of substance differing in its reactions from ordinary cellulose : they may be septate or non-septate, and in. Fig. 340. Base of a young tree (s) killed by ArmiHaria ntellea, wh Stock Photo
RMRDXNXJ–. Botany of the living plant. Botany. FUNGI INTRODUCTORY 405 origin always a false tissue, or pseudo-parenchyma, made up from mdependent filaments, not a true parenchyma produced by segmenta- tion of cells with a common origin. Many Fungi form large solid masses of such pseudo-parenchyma, which are called sclerotia, and serve for storage during a resting period (Fig. 341). The hyphae are limited by a cell-wall, composed of substance differing in its reactions from ordinary cellulose : they may be septate or non-septate, and in. Fig. 340. Base of a young tree (s) killed by ArmiHaria ntellea, wh
. The fungi which cause plant disease . Plant diseases; Fungi. FiQ. 424.—C. nicoti- Fio. 425.—C. niootianse, spores germinating and anffi. After Jones. entering stomata. After Jones. was studied in artificial culture by Jones & Pomeroy^'* and inocu- lations were made, diseased spots appearing about three weeks after inoculation by spraying with suspensions of spores. C. oicotianse E. & E. Spots amphigenous, pale, becoming white, with a narrow and in- conspicuous reddish border, 2-5 mm. in diameter, conidiophores amphigenous, tufted, brown, septate, 2 or 3-times geniculate above, simple Stock Photo
RMRDE4XC–. The fungi which cause plant disease . Plant diseases; Fungi. FiQ. 424.—C. nicoti- Fio. 425.—C. niootianse, spores germinating and anffi. After Jones. entering stomata. After Jones. was studied in artificial culture by Jones & Pomeroy^'* and inocu- lations were made, diseased spots appearing about three weeks after inoculation by spraying with suspensions of spores. C. oicotianse E. & E. Spots amphigenous, pale, becoming white, with a narrow and in- conspicuous reddish border, 2-5 mm. in diameter, conidiophores amphigenous, tufted, brown, septate, 2 or 3-times geniculate above, simple
. The fungi which cause plant disease . Plant diseases; Fungi. 516 THE FUNGI WHICH CAUSE PLANT DISEASE H. oryzae Miy. on rice; H. notha Sacc. & Br. on Juniperus leaves; H. togniniana Poll, on Cycas. H. foliicola (Berk.) Fcl."' Pycnidia epiphyllous, bro^Tiish-black, subglobose, subelliptic or irregular; conidia elliptic to clavate, obtuse, 3 to 5-septate; conid- iophores filiform, radiating. On Juniperus and Pine. Cryptostictis Fuckel (p. 515) Pycnidia erumpent, globose or depressed, ostiolate; conidia elongate, 2 or more septate, subapically appendiculate with a long hyaline bristle. Stock Photo
RMRDE59J–. The fungi which cause plant disease . Plant diseases; Fungi. 516 THE FUNGI WHICH CAUSE PLANT DISEASE H. oryzae Miy. on rice; H. notha Sacc. & Br. on Juniperus leaves; H. togniniana Poll, on Cycas. H. foliicola (Berk.) Fcl."' Pycnidia epiphyllous, bro^Tiish-black, subglobose, subelliptic or irregular; conidia elliptic to clavate, obtuse, 3 to 5-septate; conid- iophores filiform, radiating. On Juniperus and Pine. Cryptostictis Fuckel (p. 515) Pycnidia erumpent, globose or depressed, ostiolate; conidia elongate, 2 or more septate, subapically appendiculate with a long hyaline bristle.
. British fungus-flora. A classified text-book of mycology. Fungi. NEOTTIELLA. 371 margin composed of hyaline, septate, cylindrical, thin-walled hyphae that are sometimes hranched, 80-100 x 6-7 /x, the hyphae are often arranged in little bundles; excipulum parenchymatous, cells elongated in the direction from base. Neottiella polytricM. Fig. 1, small specimens, natural size;âPig. 2, specimen, x 5; Fig. 3, section of portion of excipulum, x 400;âFig. 4, aacus â with spores and paraphyses, x 400;âFig. 5, spores in various stages of development, x 800. to margin ; cortical cells irregularly polj- Stock Photo
RMRDHN17–. British fungus-flora. A classified text-book of mycology. Fungi. NEOTTIELLA. 371 margin composed of hyaline, septate, cylindrical, thin-walled hyphae that are sometimes hranched, 80-100 x 6-7 /x, the hyphae are often arranged in little bundles; excipulum parenchymatous, cells elongated in the direction from base. Neottiella polytricM. Fig. 1, small specimens, natural size;âPig. 2, specimen, x 5; Fig. 3, section of portion of excipulum, x 400;âFig. 4, aacus â with spores and paraphyses, x 400;âFig. 5, spores in various stages of development, x 800. to margin ; cortical cells irregularly polj-
. The fungi which cause plant disease . Plant diseases; Fungi. Fig. 107.—Cenangium, habit sketch, asci and paraphyses. After Tulasne. Conidia (= Brunchorstia destuens Erikss.) in pyc- nidia which are partially embedded in the host, the smaller simple, the larger compound, 1-2 mm. in diam.; spores 30-40 x 3 n, tapering-rounded at each end, 2 to 5-septate. A second conidial phase (=Dothichiza ferruginosa Sacc.) has simple spores. C. vitesia occurs in conidial form as Fuckelia on Ribes. In many Dermatea Fries (p. 151) A genus of over sixty species some of them parasitic species conidia in pycnidi Stock Photo
RMRDE6DY–. The fungi which cause plant disease . Plant diseases; Fungi. Fig. 107.—Cenangium, habit sketch, asci and paraphyses. After Tulasne. Conidia (= Brunchorstia destuens Erikss.) in pyc- nidia which are partially embedded in the host, the smaller simple, the larger compound, 1-2 mm. in diam.; spores 30-40 x 3 n, tapering-rounded at each end, 2 to 5-septate. A second conidial phase (=Dothichiza ferruginosa Sacc.) has simple spores. C. vitesia occurs in conidial form as Fuckelia on Ribes. In many Dermatea Fries (p. 151) A genus of over sixty species some of them parasitic species conidia in pycnidi
. Hawaiian Fungi. Fungi. Figure 18.—a, Bnthallopycnidium gouldiae (No. 1073a) on Gouldia sp.—thallus show- ing mode of cell arrangement; b, Trichothallus hawaiiensis (No. 492) on Scaevola, showing the general shape of thallus; c, showing the ragged irregular edge of the thallus. hyaline and of somewhat less regular cell arrangement. The cells of the vegetative thallus vary somewhat in size and shape, but are usually rectan- gular and about 7-14 fi long, 3 ^ wide (figs. 16, a, b, c; 17, c). No. 123. Trichopeltis rhyacoides Stevens n. sp. Ascopores 1-2 or 3-septate shorter and thicker than T. re Stock Photo
RMRPY1T9–. Hawaiian Fungi. Fungi. Figure 18.—a, Bnthallopycnidium gouldiae (No. 1073a) on Gouldia sp.—thallus show- ing mode of cell arrangement; b, Trichothallus hawaiiensis (No. 492) on Scaevola, showing the general shape of thallus; c, showing the ragged irregular edge of the thallus. hyaline and of somewhat less regular cell arrangement. The cells of the vegetative thallus vary somewhat in size and shape, but are usually rectan- gular and about 7-14 fi long, 3 ^ wide (figs. 16, a, b, c; 17, c). No. 123. Trichopeltis rhyacoides Stevens n. sp. Ascopores 1-2 or 3-septate shorter and thicker than T. re
. The fungi which cause plant disease . Plant diseases; Fungi. Fia. 439.—Fusarium on corn. After Burrill and Bar- rett. Fig. 440.—F. vasinfectum. A. Macro- conidia. B. Portion of a hypha. C. A germinating macroconidium. After Reed. moniliform, 6-10 n long; macroconidia falcate, acute, usually 3-septate, 25-40 ix long. It causes molding of com.*™ Several other undetermined species have been isolated from com on which they occur as the cause of dry rot of the grain."" A fusarium on banana is by Essed referred to Ustilaginoidella. See p. 214. F. vasinfectum Atk.^*""'*' Hyphse Stock Photo
RMRDE4TH–. The fungi which cause plant disease . Plant diseases; Fungi. Fia. 439.—Fusarium on corn. After Burrill and Bar- rett. Fig. 440.—F. vasinfectum. A. Macro- conidia. B. Portion of a hypha. C. A germinating macroconidium. After Reed. moniliform, 6-10 n long; macroconidia falcate, acute, usually 3-septate, 25-40 ix long. It causes molding of com.*™ Several other undetermined species have been isolated from com on which they occur as the cause of dry rot of the grain."" A fusarium on banana is by Essed referred to Ustilaginoidella. See p. 214. F. vasinfectum Atk.^*""'*' Hyphse
. Hawaiian Fungi. Fungi. Stevens—Hawaiian Fungi 103 No. 151. Mycospliaerella freycinetiae Stevens n. sp. Spots irregularly elliptical, visible from both sides of the leaf, tan colored, dead. Margins definite. Centers thickly studded with perithecia which are black, ostiolate, 150-200 fi in diameter. Asci numerous, 8-spored, 65-80 by 18 At, thickened strongly at apex. No paraphyses. Spores inordinate, hyaline, i-septate, 18-21 by 3:3 P, cylin- drical, straight, obtuse, not constricted. (See fig. 27, a.) On Freycinetia arnotti. Oahu: Kalihi valley, Dec. 1908, Forbes no. 3. No. 152. Mycosphaerell Stock Photo
RMRPY18H–. Hawaiian Fungi. Fungi. Stevens—Hawaiian Fungi 103 No. 151. Mycospliaerella freycinetiae Stevens n. sp. Spots irregularly elliptical, visible from both sides of the leaf, tan colored, dead. Margins definite. Centers thickly studded with perithecia which are black, ostiolate, 150-200 fi in diameter. Asci numerous, 8-spored, 65-80 by 18 At, thickened strongly at apex. No paraphyses. Spores inordinate, hyaline, i-septate, 18-21 by 3:3 P, cylin- drical, straight, obtuse, not constricted. (See fig. 27, a.) On Freycinetia arnotti. Oahu: Kalihi valley, Dec. 1908, Forbes no. 3. No. 152. Mycosphaerell
. The fungi which cause plant disease . Plant diseases; Fungi. 152 THE FUNGI WHICH CAUSE PLANT DISEASE. Fig. 107.—Cenangium, habit sketch, asci and paraphyses. After Tulasne. Conidia (= Brunchorstia destuens Erikss.) in pyc- nidia which are partially embedded in the host, the smaller simple, the larger compound, 1-2 mm. in diam.; spores 30-40 x 3 n, tapering-rounded at each end, 2 to 5-septate. A second conidial phase (=Dothichiza ferruginosa Sacc.) has simple spores. C. vitesia occurs in conidial form as Fuckelia on Ribes. In many Dermatea Fries (p. 151) A genus of over sixty species some of Stock Photo
RMRDE6E4–. The fungi which cause plant disease . Plant diseases; Fungi. 152 THE FUNGI WHICH CAUSE PLANT DISEASE. Fig. 107.—Cenangium, habit sketch, asci and paraphyses. After Tulasne. Conidia (= Brunchorstia destuens Erikss.) in pyc- nidia which are partially embedded in the host, the smaller simple, the larger compound, 1-2 mm. in diam.; spores 30-40 x 3 n, tapering-rounded at each end, 2 to 5-septate. A second conidial phase (=Dothichiza ferruginosa Sacc.) has simple spores. C. vitesia occurs in conidial form as Fuckelia on Ribes. In many Dermatea Fries (p. 151) A genus of over sixty species some of
. Elementary botany. Botany. 2l6 MORPHOLOGY. In the autumn and winter dead llies are often found stuck to window-panes^ with a white rin^^ of thr eonidia around each lly. II, Class Ascomycetes. (The ascus series.) 1. SUBCLASS HEMIASCOMYCETES. 441. Order Hemiascales (Hemiascines").—Fungi with a wch developed, septate m)'celium, Init - a si)orangiuni-hke ascus, i.e., a large and indefmite number of spores in the ascus. Kx- a m ]) 1 e s : Protomvces macrosporus in stems of Umbelhfene, or P. poly- sp<")rus in Ambrosia tri- lida. These two are bv some j.ilaced in the I'sti- lagin Stock Photo
RMRE2MY0–. Elementary botany. Botany. 2l6 MORPHOLOGY. In the autumn and winter dead llies are often found stuck to window-panes^ with a white rin^^ of thr eonidia around each lly. II, Class Ascomycetes. (The ascus series.) 1. SUBCLASS HEMIASCOMYCETES. 441. Order Hemiascales (Hemiascines").—Fungi with a wch developed, septate m)'celium, Init - a si)orangiuni-hke ascus, i.e., a large and indefmite number of spores in the ascus. Kx- a m ]) 1 e s : Protomvces macrosporus in stems of Umbelhfene, or P. poly- sp<")rus in Ambrosia tri- lida. These two are bv some j.ilaced in the I'sti- lagin
. The fungi which cause plant disease . Plant diseases; Fungi. THE FUNGI WHICH CAUSE PLANT DISEASE 613 conidia acrogenous, straight, cylindrical, ends rounded, 4 to 5- septate, not constricted, dark olive-brown, 100-115 x 14- 18 /*. On oats and barley. H. avense Ei. Similar to H. teres, but the conidiophores scattered, 150-200 x 9-12 n, septate, brown; conidia cylindric, brownish, 4 to 6-septate, 80-100 X 15-16 n. On oats. The conidia of the two last species infect grains and seedlings. The conidia spread the disease from the early infection centers to other parts of the plants but the myceliu Stock Photo
RMRDE4YN–. The fungi which cause plant disease . Plant diseases; Fungi. THE FUNGI WHICH CAUSE PLANT DISEASE 613 conidia acrogenous, straight, cylindrical, ends rounded, 4 to 5- septate, not constricted, dark olive-brown, 100-115 x 14- 18 /*. On oats and barley. H. avense Ei. Similar to H. teres, but the conidiophores scattered, 150-200 x 9-12 n, septate, brown; conidia cylindric, brownish, 4 to 6-septate, 80-100 X 15-16 n. On oats. The conidia of the two last species infect grains and seedlings. The conidia spread the disease from the early infection centers to other parts of the plants but the myceliu
. The fungi which cause plant disease . Plant diseases; Fungi. 258 THE FUNGI WHICH CAUSE PLANT DISEASE L tritici (Gar.) Pass "^ (=Pleospora tritici). On wheat.^'* Perithecia innate, globose, black, papillate; asci clavate, short- stipitate, 8-spored; paraphyses filiform, 48-50 x 15-16 n; spores 2-seriate, round, fusoid, 3-septate, constricted, pale, 18-19 x 4.2- 5.5. L. herpotrichoides d. Not."'* parasitizes rye causing the stalks to break at the nodes;. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - colora Stock Photo
RMRDDB0E–. The fungi which cause plant disease . Plant diseases; Fungi. 258 THE FUNGI WHICH CAUSE PLANT DISEASE L tritici (Gar.) Pass "^ (=Pleospora tritici). On wheat.^'* Perithecia innate, globose, black, papillate; asci clavate, short- stipitate, 8-spored; paraphyses filiform, 48-50 x 15-16 n; spores 2-seriate, round, fusoid, 3-septate, constricted, pale, 18-19 x 4.2- 5.5. L. herpotrichoides d. Not."'* parasitizes rye causing the stalks to break at the nodes;. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - colora
. British fungus-flora. A classified text-book of mycology. Fungi. iL^SSEEA, 403 Agreeing with Humaria in size, habit, and structure of the ascophore, but differing in the septate spores. Masseea quisquilarum. Sacc., Syll., viii. n. 2017. Ascophores gregarious, sessile, at first globose and closed, then expanding and becoming concave or plane, fleshy, glabrous, clear yellow, 2-3 mm. across; excipulum paren-. Masieea quiequUarum, Sacc.—Fig. 1, nat. size;—Fig. 2, ascophorcB, • slightly X ;—Fig. 3, sectibns of same, slightly x ;—Fig. 4, portion of excipulum x 400;—Fig. 5, asci and paraphyses, x 4 Stock Photo
RMRDHN0F–. British fungus-flora. A classified text-book of mycology. Fungi. iL^SSEEA, 403 Agreeing with Humaria in size, habit, and structure of the ascophore, but differing in the septate spores. Masseea quisquilarum. Sacc., Syll., viii. n. 2017. Ascophores gregarious, sessile, at first globose and closed, then expanding and becoming concave or plane, fleshy, glabrous, clear yellow, 2-3 mm. across; excipulum paren-. Masieea quiequUarum, Sacc.—Fig. 1, nat. size;—Fig. 2, ascophorcB, • slightly X ;—Fig. 3, sectibns of same, slightly x ;—Fig. 4, portion of excipulum x 400;—Fig. 5, asci and paraphyses, x 4
. A monograph of lichens found in Britain; being a descriptive catalogue of the species in the herbarium of the British Museum. Lichens. 394 LrCHENACEI. [lecanoea. 59. L. spodomela Nyl. Flora, 1876, p. 572, 1886, p. 101.— Thallus effuse, thin, opaque, subleprose, rimoso-diffract, greyish- brown (K —, CaCl —). Apothecia small, blackish, the thalline margin subentire; spores ellipsoid, usually 1-septate, 0,011-16 mm. long, 0,006-7 mm. thick ; paraphyses slender, brown at the clavate apices; hymenial gelatine bluish, then violet, with iodine.—Cromb. Grevillea, v. p. 106; Leight. Lich. Fl. ed. 3, Stock Photo
RMRE0KEW–. A monograph of lichens found in Britain; being a descriptive catalogue of the species in the herbarium of the British Museum. Lichens. 394 LrCHENACEI. [lecanoea. 59. L. spodomela Nyl. Flora, 1876, p. 572, 1886, p. 101.— Thallus effuse, thin, opaque, subleprose, rimoso-diffract, greyish- brown (K —, CaCl —). Apothecia small, blackish, the thalline margin subentire; spores ellipsoid, usually 1-septate, 0,011-16 mm. long, 0,006-7 mm. thick ; paraphyses slender, brown at the clavate apices; hymenial gelatine bluish, then violet, with iodine.—Cromb. Grevillea, v. p. 106; Leight. Lich. Fl. ed. 3,
. British fungus-flora. A classified text-book of mycology. Fungi. 48 FUNGUS-FLORA. iimbilicate, sessile, produced laterally, one on each of the cells of a basidium. Pilacre, Fries, Syst, Orb. Veg. 1, p. 364; Brefeld, Unter- such. vii. Heft., p. 27.. FIGURES ILLUSTRATING THE PILACBEAE, ALSO THE TREMELLINEAE IN PART. Fig. 1, Pilaore Fetenii, natural size;—Fig. 2, section of same, mag.;— Fig. 3, cluster of transversely septate Ijasidia of same, bearing lateral spores ; highlyjmag.;—Fig. 4, Tremellodon qelatinosvm, a small specimen; nat. size;—Fig. S, basidium of same, with the four long, stout s Stock Photo
RMRDY5H8–. British fungus-flora. A classified text-book of mycology. Fungi. 48 FUNGUS-FLORA. iimbilicate, sessile, produced laterally, one on each of the cells of a basidium. Pilacre, Fries, Syst, Orb. Veg. 1, p. 364; Brefeld, Unter- such. vii. Heft., p. 27.. FIGURES ILLUSTRATING THE PILACBEAE, ALSO THE TREMELLINEAE IN PART. Fig. 1, Pilaore Fetenii, natural size;—Fig. 2, section of same, mag.;— Fig. 3, cluster of transversely septate Ijasidia of same, bearing lateral spores ; highlyjmag.;—Fig. 4, Tremellodon qelatinosvm, a small specimen; nat. size;—Fig. S, basidium of same, with the four long, stout s
. The fungi which cause plant disease . Plant diseases; Fungi. Fia. 439.—Fusarium on corn. After Burrill and Bar- rett. Fig. 440.—F. vasinfectum. A. Macro- conidia. B. Portion of a hypha. C. A germinating macroconidium. After Reed. moniliform, 6-10 n long; macroconidia falcate, acute, usually 3-septate, 25-40 ix long. It causes molding of com.*™ Several other undetermined species have been isolated from com on which they occur as the cause of dry rot of the grain."" A fusarium on banana is by Essed referred to Ustilaginoidella. See p. 214. F. vasinfectum Atk.^*""'*' Hyphse Stock Photo
RMRDE4TR–. The fungi which cause plant disease . Plant diseases; Fungi. Fia. 439.—Fusarium on corn. After Burrill and Bar- rett. Fig. 440.—F. vasinfectum. A. Macro- conidia. B. Portion of a hypha. C. A germinating macroconidium. After Reed. moniliform, 6-10 n long; macroconidia falcate, acute, usually 3-septate, 25-40 ix long. It causes molding of com.*™ Several other undetermined species have been isolated from com on which they occur as the cause of dry rot of the grain."" A fusarium on banana is by Essed referred to Ustilaginoidella. See p. 214. F. vasinfectum Atk.^*""'*' Hyphse
. The fungi which cause plant disease . Plant diseases; Fungi. THE FUNGI WHICH CAUSE PLANT DISEASE 181 U. necator (Schw.) Burr.i"'' i"*- ^o^ Amphigenous; mycelium subpersistent; perithecia usually epi- phyllous, occasionally hypophyllous or on the inflorescence, more or less scattered, 70-128 ii; cells distinct, rather irregular in shape, 10-20 ii; appendages very variable in number and length, 7-32, rarely up to 40, 1 to 4-times the diameter of the perithecium, septate, thin walled, light or dark amber-brown bas- ally, rarely branched, asci 4-6 rarely up to 9, broadly-ovate or ovate Stock Photo
RMRDDBW7–. The fungi which cause plant disease . Plant diseases; Fungi. THE FUNGI WHICH CAUSE PLANT DISEASE 181 U. necator (Schw.) Burr.i"'' i"*- ^o^ Amphigenous; mycelium subpersistent; perithecia usually epi- phyllous, occasionally hypophyllous or on the inflorescence, more or less scattered, 70-128 ii; cells distinct, rather irregular in shape, 10-20 ii; appendages very variable in number and length, 7-32, rarely up to 40, 1 to 4-times the diameter of the perithecium, septate, thin walled, light or dark amber-brown bas- ally, rarely branched, asci 4-6 rarely up to 9, broadly-ovate or ovate
. The fungi which cause plant disease . Plant diseases; Fungi. THE 'FUNGI WHICH CAUSE PLANT DISEASE 521 one in the center of each spot, but slightly prominent; conidia cylindric or clavate-cylindric, 10-25 x 1.5-2 n. On watermelon leaves. S. cucurbitacearum Sacc. is also on cucurbits. " S. cannabina Pk. is on hemp producing leaf spots. S, nicotianse Pat. is reported from France as the cause of tobacco leaf spotting."" S. doUchi B. & C. Spots white, with a broad, light brown margin; conidia straight, subfusiform, 3-septate, 40 m- On cowpeas."^ S. medicaginis Rob. & D Stock Photo
RMRDE591–. The fungi which cause plant disease . Plant diseases; Fungi. THE 'FUNGI WHICH CAUSE PLANT DISEASE 521 one in the center of each spot, but slightly prominent; conidia cylindric or clavate-cylindric, 10-25 x 1.5-2 n. On watermelon leaves. S. cucurbitacearum Sacc. is also on cucurbits. " S. cannabina Pk. is on hemp producing leaf spots. S, nicotianse Pat. is reported from France as the cause of tobacco leaf spotting."" S. doUchi B. & C. Spots white, with a broad, light brown margin; conidia straight, subfusiform, 3-septate, 40 m- On cowpeas."^ S. medicaginis Rob. & D
. British fungus-flora. A classified text-book of mycology. Fungi. NEOTTIELLA. 373 curved pedicel, 8-spored; spores irregularly biseriate, fusi- form, often very slightly inequilateral, hyaline, continuous, 2-4-guttulate, 28-32 x 6-8 jj. ; paraphyses filiform, septate, apex clavate and containing ora,nge granules. Peziza coraUina, Cooke, Grrev., vol. iii. fig. 83; Cke., Mycogr., p. 19, fig. 30; Phil., Brit. Disc, p. 102. Ascoholus coceineus, Crouan, in Fuckel's Fung. Ehen., exs., n. 1864. Humaria coccinea, Sacc, Syll., viii. n. 456. Leucoloma coccinea, Fckl., Symb. Myc, p. 318.. /- Neottiella Stock Photo
RMRDHN0W–. British fungus-flora. A classified text-book of mycology. Fungi. NEOTTIELLA. 373 curved pedicel, 8-spored; spores irregularly biseriate, fusi- form, often very slightly inequilateral, hyaline, continuous, 2-4-guttulate, 28-32 x 6-8 jj. ; paraphyses filiform, septate, apex clavate and containing ora,nge granules. Peziza coraUina, Cooke, Grrev., vol. iii. fig. 83; Cke., Mycogr., p. 19, fig. 30; Phil., Brit. Disc, p. 102. Ascoholus coceineus, Crouan, in Fuckel's Fung. Ehen., exs., n. 1864. Humaria coccinea, Sacc, Syll., viii. n. 456. Leucoloma coccinea, Fckl., Symb. Myc, p. 318.. /- Neottiella
. The fungi which cause plant disease . Plant diseases; Fungi. THE FUNGI WHICH CAUSE PLANT DISEASE 591 Ri geranii (West.) Fcl. on cultivated geraniums R. primulae Thiim. Spots rounded-angular, subochraceous, emarginate; conidio- phores amphigenous, 50-60 x 5 jti, continuous, somewhat denticu- late, rarely branched; conidia fusoid-cylindric, 20-30 x 3-6 n, con- tinuous or 1-septate. On Primula.^* R. lactea (Desm.) Sacc. is on violets; R. heraclei (Oud.) Sacc. on cultivated Heracleums; R. onobrychidis P. & D. on leaves of sainfoin. R. cynarae Sacc. causes loss of artichokes in France and Afr Stock Photo
RMRDE52F–. The fungi which cause plant disease . Plant diseases; Fungi. THE FUNGI WHICH CAUSE PLANT DISEASE 591 Ri geranii (West.) Fcl. on cultivated geraniums R. primulae Thiim. Spots rounded-angular, subochraceous, emarginate; conidio- phores amphigenous, 50-60 x 5 jti, continuous, somewhat denticu- late, rarely branched; conidia fusoid-cylindric, 20-30 x 3-6 n, con- tinuous or 1-septate. On Primula.^* R. lactea (Desm.) Sacc. is on violets; R. heraclei (Oud.) Sacc. on cultivated Heracleums; R. onobrychidis P. & D. on leaves of sainfoin. R. cynarae Sacc. causes loss of artichokes in France and Afr
. Hawaiian Fungi. Fungi. 102 Bernice P. Bishop Museum—Bulletin No. 149. Mycosphaerella dianellae Stevens and Weedon n. sp. Spots elliptical, 1-2 cm. long, centers ashen-white, bordered by a reddish-brown band about 1 mm. wide; border definite. Spot characters visible from both sides of the leaf. Perithecia, numerous, erumpent, epiphyllous, circular or oblong, black, ostiolate, 140 by 155 to 230 by 310 m, Asci about 50 by 11^, thick walled in the upper portion. Spores' hyaline, i-septate, oblong, obtuse, 12-14 by 3/^. (See PI. x, B; fig. 26, c, d, e.) On Diamella odorata. Oahu: Wahiawa, June 3, Stock Photo
RMRPY192–. Hawaiian Fungi. Fungi. 102 Bernice P. Bishop Museum—Bulletin No. 149. Mycosphaerella dianellae Stevens and Weedon n. sp. Spots elliptical, 1-2 cm. long, centers ashen-white, bordered by a reddish-brown band about 1 mm. wide; border definite. Spot characters visible from both sides of the leaf. Perithecia, numerous, erumpent, epiphyllous, circular or oblong, black, ostiolate, 140 by 155 to 230 by 310 m, Asci about 50 by 11^, thick walled in the upper portion. Spores' hyaline, i-septate, oblong, obtuse, 12-14 by 3/^. (See PI. x, B; fig. 26, c, d, e.) On Diamella odorata. Oahu: Wahiawa, June 3,
. The fungi which cause plant disease . Plant diseases; Fungi. 620 THE FUNGI WHICH CAUSE PLANT DISEASE. Fia. 418.—Macro- sporium cucumer- iuum on cante- loupe. After Chester. mm. in diameter; conidiophores fasciculate or solitary, subgeniculate, 1 to 3-septate, 35-50 x 5-6 m; conidia clavate, slender-stipitate, 3 to 8-septate, somewhat constricted, submuriform, 30-75 X 15-25 n; pedicel 25-35 /i long. On leaves, stems and fruits of cantaloupes. M. cladosporioides Desm. is on beet, lettuce, onion and many other hosts. M. verrucosum I.utz. occurs on cacao; M. gramineum Cke.'^* on sugar cane. M. u Stock Photo
RMRDE4Y6–. The fungi which cause plant disease . Plant diseases; Fungi. 620 THE FUNGI WHICH CAUSE PLANT DISEASE. Fia. 418.—Macro- sporium cucumer- iuum on cante- loupe. After Chester. mm. in diameter; conidiophores fasciculate or solitary, subgeniculate, 1 to 3-septate, 35-50 x 5-6 m; conidia clavate, slender-stipitate, 3 to 8-septate, somewhat constricted, submuriform, 30-75 X 15-25 n; pedicel 25-35 /i long. On leaves, stems and fruits of cantaloupes. M. cladosporioides Desm. is on beet, lettuce, onion and many other hosts. M. verrucosum I.utz. occurs on cacao; M. gramineum Cke.'^* on sugar cane. M. u
. Hawaiian Fungi. Fungi. 70 Bernice P. Bishop Museum—Bulletin No. 92. Seynesiopeltis tetraplasandrae Stevens and Ryan n. sp. Epiphyllous, colonies 1-2 mm. in diameter, irregularly scattered, often confluent, numerous. The fungus body circular, composed of radiating hyphae, septate, branch- ing, olive-green, 5 n thick, bearing black, disk-shaped perithecia, 113-227^ in dia- meter. Asci 8-spored, spatulate, non-paraphysate, 169-180 X 36-45 /*. Spores green- brown, ovate, one septate, 21-43 X 12-18 m, the lower cell about one and one-half times as large as' the upper. Colony bearing black setae, Stock Photo
RMRPY25W–. Hawaiian Fungi. Fungi. 70 Bernice P. Bishop Museum—Bulletin No. 92. Seynesiopeltis tetraplasandrae Stevens and Ryan n. sp. Epiphyllous, colonies 1-2 mm. in diameter, irregularly scattered, often confluent, numerous. The fungus body circular, composed of radiating hyphae, septate, branch- ing, olive-green, 5 n thick, bearing black, disk-shaped perithecia, 113-227^ in dia- meter. Asci 8-spored, spatulate, non-paraphysate, 169-180 X 36-45 /*. Spores green- brown, ovate, one septate, 21-43 X 12-18 m, the lower cell about one and one-half times as large as' the upper. Colony bearing black setae,
. The fungi which cause plant disease . Plant diseases; Fungi. 630 THE FUNGI WHICH CAUSE PLANT DISEASE On cowpea and bean in America. Usually causing but slight damage. C. vignae Rac. (not E. & E.) is described as injurious to the cowpea in Java.'"* C. medicaginis E. & E. Spots amphigenous, smoky to black, 0.5-5 mm. in diameter, orbicular, indefinite; conidiophores subhyaline, becoming brown- ish, continuous, geniculate, 35-45 x 4-5 n; conidia cylindric- fusoid, 3 to 6-septate, 40-60 x 3 /x. On alfalfa and crimson clover.'^* C. aximinensis Br. & Cav. is foimd on sulla leaves; Stock Photo
RMRDE4X4–. The fungi which cause plant disease . Plant diseases; Fungi. 630 THE FUNGI WHICH CAUSE PLANT DISEASE On cowpea and bean in America. Usually causing but slight damage. C. vignae Rac. (not E. & E.) is described as injurious to the cowpea in Java.'"* C. medicaginis E. & E. Spots amphigenous, smoky to black, 0.5-5 mm. in diameter, orbicular, indefinite; conidiophores subhyaline, becoming brown- ish, continuous, geniculate, 35-45 x 4-5 n; conidia cylindric- fusoid, 3 to 6-septate, 40-60 x 3 /x. On alfalfa and crimson clover.'^* C. aximinensis Br. & Cav. is foimd on sulla leaves;
. The fungi which cause plant disease . Plant diseases; Fungi. THE FUNGI WHICH CAUSE PLANT DISEASE 549 C. carica S. & H/-"' «» Acervuli brown, becoming black, hemispherical, numerous, small, 85-250 m, bearing 1-12 (or often 0) long, slender, irregular setae which are dark throughout, acute, rigid, septate, 2-6 x 22- 106 IX, conidia regular, oblong, obtuse, 3.5-6.6 . 8.7-20; conidio- phores slender, 1-2 x 45 ;u, hyaline. It is the cause of a decay of figs in the United States. C. ampelinum Cav. is on grape leaves. C. glceosporioides Penz. Acervuli sparse or scarcely gregarious, subepi Stock Photo
RMRDE570–. The fungi which cause plant disease . Plant diseases; Fungi. THE FUNGI WHICH CAUSE PLANT DISEASE 549 C. carica S. & H/-"' «» Acervuli brown, becoming black, hemispherical, numerous, small, 85-250 m, bearing 1-12 (or often 0) long, slender, irregular setae which are dark throughout, acute, rigid, septate, 2-6 x 22- 106 IX, conidia regular, oblong, obtuse, 3.5-6.6 . 8.7-20; conidio- phores slender, 1-2 x 45 ;u, hyaline. It is the cause of a decay of figs in the United States. C. ampelinum Cav. is on grape leaves. C. glceosporioides Penz. Acervuli sparse or scarcely gregarious, subepi
. Hawaiian Fungi. Fungi. Stevens—Hawaiian Fungi 155 No. 365. Cercospora megalopotamica Speg. Fung. Arg. Pug. 3, no. 342, 1881 On Bidens leucantha. Hawaii: Kukuihaele, August 2, no. 1100. No. 366. Cercospora nicotianae Ell. and Ev. Proc. Acad. Sc. Phil, p 170, 1893 On Nicotiana tabacum (cult.). Hawaii: Kealakekua, July 22, no. 925. No. 367. Cercospora pipturi Stevens and Glick n. sp. Spots hypophyllous, diffuse, indefinite, fuscous, 2-5 /* in diameter. Conidiophores long, lax, fasciculate from the stomata, branched, septate, straw-colored; conidia obclavate, 4-7 septate, 40-100 by 5-8/*, slight Stock Photo
RMRPY13D–. Hawaiian Fungi. Fungi. Stevens—Hawaiian Fungi 155 No. 365. Cercospora megalopotamica Speg. Fung. Arg. Pug. 3, no. 342, 1881 On Bidens leucantha. Hawaii: Kukuihaele, August 2, no. 1100. No. 366. Cercospora nicotianae Ell. and Ev. Proc. Acad. Sc. Phil, p 170, 1893 On Nicotiana tabacum (cult.). Hawaii: Kealakekua, July 22, no. 925. No. 367. Cercospora pipturi Stevens and Glick n. sp. Spots hypophyllous, diffuse, indefinite, fuscous, 2-5 /* in diameter. Conidiophores long, lax, fasciculate from the stomata, branched, septate, straw-colored; conidia obclavate, 4-7 septate, 40-100 by 5-8/*, slight
. The fungi which cause plant disease . Plant diseases; Fungi. 606 THE FUNGI WHICH CAUSE PLANT DISEASE C. peonis Pass. Spots large, chestnut brown, hyphae short, simple; spores various, long, 1 to 2-septate. On peony. C. epiphylliun Mart, is on oak, sycamore, poplar, etc.; C. juglandis Cke. on walnut; C. scribnerianum Cav. on beech; C. hypophyllum Fcl. on elm; C. tuberum Cke. on sweet potato tubers; C. scabies Cke. on tomato and cucumber; C. ozycocci Sh. on cranberry. C. zese Pk. Sterile hyphse hyaline, sub-cutaneous, erumpent; spores elliptic- oblong, 4 X 20 /J, continuous or 1 to 3-septate. Stock Photo
RMRDE50F–. The fungi which cause plant disease . Plant diseases; Fungi. 606 THE FUNGI WHICH CAUSE PLANT DISEASE C. peonis Pass. Spots large, chestnut brown, hyphae short, simple; spores various, long, 1 to 2-septate. On peony. C. epiphylliun Mart, is on oak, sycamore, poplar, etc.; C. juglandis Cke. on walnut; C. scribnerianum Cav. on beech; C. hypophyllum Fcl. on elm; C. tuberum Cke. on sweet potato tubers; C. scabies Cke. on tomato and cucumber; C. ozycocci Sh. on cranberry. C. zese Pk. Sterile hyphse hyaline, sub-cutaneous, erumpent; spores elliptic- oblong, 4 X 20 /J, continuous or 1 to 3-septate.
. A monograph of lichens found in Britain; being a descriptive catalogue of the species in the herbarium of the British Museum. Lichens. LEPIOSHm.] COLLBMEI. 67 8. L. cretaceum Nyl. Act. Linn. Soc. Bord. ser. 3, i. (1857) p. 270; S3'n. i. p. 120.â-Thallus rosulato-lobulate or stellato-laci- niate, olive-brown or dark-olive; the lobes unequal, crenate, almost imbricate. Apotheoia small, nearly biatorine, concave or gyalecti- form, pale reddish-brown, the margin entire, paler; spores ovoid, 3-7-septate, with longitudinal septa, 0,022-40 mm. long, 0,011- 17 mm. thick.âMudd, Man. p. 45; Cromb. Lic Stock Photo
RMRE1GCW–. A monograph of lichens found in Britain; being a descriptive catalogue of the species in the herbarium of the British Museum. Lichens. LEPIOSHm.] COLLBMEI. 67 8. L. cretaceum Nyl. Act. Linn. Soc. Bord. ser. 3, i. (1857) p. 270; S3'n. i. p. 120.â-Thallus rosulato-lobulate or stellato-laci- niate, olive-brown or dark-olive; the lobes unequal, crenate, almost imbricate. Apotheoia small, nearly biatorine, concave or gyalecti- form, pale reddish-brown, the margin entire, paler; spores ovoid, 3-7-septate, with longitudinal septa, 0,022-40 mm. long, 0,011- 17 mm. thick.âMudd, Man. p. 45; Cromb. Lic
. The fungi which cause plant disease . Plant diseases; Fungi. 628 THE FUNGI WHICH CAUSE PLANT DISEASE C. apii Fr. Spots amphigenous, subcircular, pale-brown, 4-6 mm. in diame- ter, with a more or less definite elevated margin; conidiophores hy- pophylous, light-brown, fasciculate, con- tinuous or 1 or 2-septate, subundulate, 40-60 X 4-5 n; conidia hyaline obclavate, or almost cylindric, 3 to 10-septate, slen- der, 50-80 xi II. A serious leaf spot is produced on celery, parsnips, etc.'^""'^^ C. beticola Sacc."' ^sa Spots amphigenous, brownish, purple- bordered, becoming ashy cen Stock Photo
RMRDE4XA–. The fungi which cause plant disease . Plant diseases; Fungi. 628 THE FUNGI WHICH CAUSE PLANT DISEASE C. apii Fr. Spots amphigenous, subcircular, pale-brown, 4-6 mm. in diame- ter, with a more or less definite elevated margin; conidiophores hy- pophylous, light-brown, fasciculate, con- tinuous or 1 or 2-septate, subundulate, 40-60 X 4-5 n; conidia hyaline obclavate, or almost cylindric, 3 to 10-septate, slen- der, 50-80 xi II. A serious leaf spot is produced on celery, parsnips, etc.'^""'^^ C. beticola Sacc."' ^sa Spots amphigenous, brownish, purple- bordered, becoming ashy cen
. Hawaiian Fungi. Fungi. Stevens—Hawaiian Fungi 141 spots gray or white, 0.5-2 mm. in diameter; margin raised, pycnidia epi- phyllous, 35-80[x in diameter; conidia few-septate. 124. RHABDOSPORA Mont, in Fl. Alg. Bot. p. 592. Emend. Sacc. Mich. vol. 2, p. 26, 1880 No. 301. Rhabdospora pittospori Stevens & Young n. sp. Pycnidia numerous, black, 400-800 /* in diameter, ostiole large. Conidia abundant, filiform, hyaline, straight or curved, obtuse, 1 to few-septate, 12-22 by 21*, conidio- phores 15-18 M long. On dead capsules of Pittosporum sp. collected by C. N. Forbes, no. 21. Hawaii: Kona, Stock Photo
RMRPY176–. Hawaiian Fungi. Fungi. Stevens—Hawaiian Fungi 141 spots gray or white, 0.5-2 mm. in diameter; margin raised, pycnidia epi- phyllous, 35-80[x in diameter; conidia few-septate. 124. RHABDOSPORA Mont, in Fl. Alg. Bot. p. 592. Emend. Sacc. Mich. vol. 2, p. 26, 1880 No. 301. Rhabdospora pittospori Stevens & Young n. sp. Pycnidia numerous, black, 400-800 /* in diameter, ostiole large. Conidia abundant, filiform, hyaline, straight or curved, obtuse, 1 to few-septate, 12-22 by 21*, conidio- phores 15-18 M long. On dead capsules of Pittosporum sp. collected by C. N. Forbes, no. 21. Hawaii: Kona,
. A manual of poisonous plants, chiefly of eastern North America, with brief notes on economic and medicinal plants, and numerous illustrations. Poisonous plants. EUTHALLEPHYTA—EUMYCETES—EUBASIDII 221 PROTOBASIDIOMYCETES Parasitic or saprophytic plants; basidia with longitudinal or cross septa; mycelium septate, branched, either in the interior of the plant as parasites or ramifying the substratum; spores various. The following types occur: sper- matia, aecidiospores, uredospores, teleutospores, and sporidia; the spermatia are always accompanied by other spores, generally with the aecidiospore Stock Photo
RMRDXT69–. A manual of poisonous plants, chiefly of eastern North America, with brief notes on economic and medicinal plants, and numerous illustrations. Poisonous plants. EUTHALLEPHYTA—EUMYCETES—EUBASIDII 221 PROTOBASIDIOMYCETES Parasitic or saprophytic plants; basidia with longitudinal or cross septa; mycelium septate, branched, either in the interior of the plant as parasites or ramifying the substratum; spores various. The following types occur: sper- matia, aecidiospores, uredospores, teleutospores, and sporidia; the spermatia are always accompanied by other spores, generally with the aecidiospore
. A manual of poisonous plants, chiefly of eastern North America, with brief notes on economic and medicinal plants, and numerous illustrations. Poisonous plants. 300 MANUAL OF POISONOUS PLANTS Paris discovered the hyphae of the fungus and Malcolm Morris the spore-like bodies. Behrend in 1890 succeeded in cultivating the fungus. Sporotricfium tonsurans. Barber's Itch Hyphae slender 1.5-2 /* in diameter, straight, undulated, dichotomous, septate or non-septate, penetrate the hair follicles forming a matted mycelium, small pustules and scabs; in places devoid of hairs it forms red, scaly spots, Stock Photo
RMRDYDMC–. A manual of poisonous plants, chiefly of eastern North America, with brief notes on economic and medicinal plants, and numerous illustrations. Poisonous plants. 300 MANUAL OF POISONOUS PLANTS Paris discovered the hyphae of the fungus and Malcolm Morris the spore-like bodies. Behrend in 1890 succeeded in cultivating the fungus. Sporotricfium tonsurans. Barber's Itch Hyphae slender 1.5-2 /* in diameter, straight, undulated, dichotomous, septate or non-septate, penetrate the hair follicles forming a matted mycelium, small pustules and scabs; in places devoid of hairs it forms red, scaly spots,
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