RM2AN37X7–Fungi, Ascomycetes, Ustilaginales, Uredinales . Fig. 147. Ustilago Scabiosae Sow.; development of basidium; after Harper. least two divisions; the basidium in turn produces a number of uninucleatesporidia or basidiospores. The basidium may be unicellular, giving rise toa bunch of basidiospores at its apex (Tilletia (fig. 148c?)), or multicellular,usually four-celled, producing one ormore basidiospores from each cell {Us-tilago (fig. 147 e)). The nucleus of theparent cell does not travel into thebasidiospore but divides, sending onedaughter nucleus into the spore, whilethe other, remaining in t
RMBENWM0–Close up of fungus/fungi in The Mens ancient woodland near Petworth
RM2KX69AA–Wet leaves and fungi, Beacon wood, Penrith, Cumbria, UK
RMA1C8XE–Fungus
RMPG3NP8–. Fungous diseases of plants : with chapters on physiology, culture methods and technique . Fungi in agriculture. PROTOBASIDIOMYCETES 397 advances. These spores are 20-35 * T5â22/*> an<i a spore ger- minates by the production of the characteristic promycelium, di- vided ordinarily into four cells, each producing its sporidium. The germination of the teleutospore would seem to take place ordinarily several weeks prior to the appearance of the spermogonium and aecidium, both of which arise only from teleutosporic infection. Sydow accepts the separation of the rust of clovers into two spe-
RMPM5BXH–Fly agaric, Amanita muscaria, mushrooms growing on woodland floor.
RM2DDRG68–Honey Fungus (Armillaria mellea)
RFBWCEK2–Fungi
RM2HT7CBY–Person squeezing common puffball to release spores (also known as the devil's snuffbox) on a still autumn day in the woods.
RM2H3E6GN–Clustered Brittlestem fungi - Psathyrella multipedata - on a rotting silver birch tree stump in a lawn, England
RMB1YDFW–Sparassis crispa Close up shot showing the intricate details of the wavy spore producing organs
RM2AJAJH0–Elementary botany . es of the scales. VII. The Fruit of Ferns, Mosses, etc. 890. The term fruit is often applied in a general or popu-lar sense to the groups of spore-producing bodies of ferns (jriiit-dots, or sori), the spore-capsules of mosses and liverworts, andalso to the fruit-bodies, or spore-bearing parts, of the fungi andalgae. CHAPTER XLV. SEED DISPERSAL. 891. Means for dissemination of seeds.—During late summer or autumna walk in the woods or afield often convinces us of the perfection and varietyof means with which plants are provided for the dissemination of theirseeds, especially
RMBENPMY–Close up of fungus/fungi in The Mens ancient woodland near Petworth
RMA1C8Y0–Dead tree fungus.
RMPG3YGY–. Fungous diseases of plants : with chapters on physiology, culture methods and technique . Fungi in agriculture. 262 FUNGOUS DISEASES OF PLANTS The fungus. The life history of the fungus has been con- siderably studied, and it is probable that some spore stages which have been described are not at any rate common stages in the life cycle. In general, two spore-producing stages may be found, the conidial and the ascigerous stages. The conidial stage has been described as Ramularia Tulasnei. This appears in early summer, as a rule, or so soon as the pale centers of the spots have been developed
RMPM5BXC–Fly agaric, Amanita muscaria, mushrooms growing on woodland floor.
RM2DDRG6A–Honey Fungus (Armillaria mellea)
RM2HT7CDK–Person squeezing common puffball to release spores (also known as the devil's snuffbox) on a still autumn day in the woods.
RM2H3E6FX–Clustered Brittlestem fungi - Psathyrella multipedata - on a rotting silver birch tree stump in a lawn, England
RMB1YG2X–Sparassis crispa Close up shot showing the intricate details of the wavy spore producing organs
RM2AN37FE–Fungi, Ascomycetes, Ustilaginales, Uredinales . lago Scabiosae Sow.; development of basidium; after Harper. least two divisions; the basidium in turn produces a number of uninucleatesporidia or basidiospores. The basidium may be unicellular, giving rise toa bunch of basidiospores at its apex (Tilletia (fig. 148c?)), or multicellular,usually four-celled, producing one ormore basidiospores from each cell {Us-tilago (fig. 147 e)). The nucleus of theparent cell does not travel into thebasidiospore but divides, sending onedaughter nucleus into the spore, whilethe other, remaining in the basidial ce
RMBENW2C–Close up of fungus/fungi in The Mens ancient woodland near Petworth
RMPG4DJ2–. Comparative morphology and biology of the fungi, mycetozoa and bacteria . Plant morphology; Fungi; Myxomycetes; Bacteriology. FIG. 35. a Cysteptts Portulacae; nt mycelial branch bearing two basidia which are producing gonidia byabjunction; the figure is explained in the text. * Eurolium Asptrgillus gtaucus; r extremity of a sporopbore covered with radiating sterigmata, on which the formation of spores is just beginning, s and / isolated portions showing smgle sterigmata^ with their spores; « youngest spore of a chaiiL a magn. 390, the rest 300 times.. Please note that these images are extrac
RMPM5BY2–Fly agaric, Amanita muscaria, mushrooms growing on woodland floor.
RM2H3E6FB–Clustered Brittlestem fungi - Psathyrella multipedata - on a rotting silver birch tree stump in a lawn, England
RMB1YGMJ–Sparassis crispa Close up shot showing the intricate details of the wavy spore producing organs
RMRDJ5YD–. Fungous diseases of plants : with chapters on physiology, culture methods and technique . Fungi in agriculture. PROTOBASIDIOMYCETES 397 advances. These spores are 20-35 * T5â22/*> an<i a spore ger- minates by the production of the characteristic promycelium, di- vided ordinarily into four cells, each producing its sporidium. The germination of the teleutospore would seem to take place ordinarily several weeks prior to the appearance of the spermogonium and aecidium, both of which arise only from teleutosporic infection. Sydow accepts the separation of the rust of clovers into two spe-
RMBENPN6–Close up of fungus/fungi in The Mens ancient woodland near Petworth
RMPG4032–. Fungous diseases of plants : with chapters on physiology, culture methods and technique . Fungi in agriculture. Fig. 41. Synchytrium on Puerarta, Stages in the For- mation OF THE POLYNUCLEATE FUNGOUS BODY AND THE Lysigenous Cavity. (After Kusano) The simple protoplasmic mass resulting from the growth of the penetrating swarm spore becomes either a fruit body, sorus, or a resting spore; in the latter case it becomes a fruit body ulti- mately, and this, at maturity, breaks up into numerous sporangia, and may therefore be termed a sorus, each sporangium eventually producing swarm cells. Harper
RM2DDRG66–Honey Fungus (Armillaria mellea)
RFT9CE4J–Penicillium fungus and Roquefort cheese, composite image
RM2H3E6FM–Clustered Brittlestem fungi - Psathyrella multipedata - on a rotting silver birch tree stump in a lawn, England
RMB1YDET–Sparassis crispa Close up shot showing the intricate details of the wavy spore producing organs
RM2H2X6BW–Clustered Brittlestem fungi - Psathyrella multipedata - on a rotting silver birch tree stump in a lawn, England
RMRDJF52–. Fungous diseases of plants : with chapters on physiology, culture methods and technique . Fungi in agriculture. 262 FUNGOUS DISEASES OF PLANTS The fungus. The life history of the fungus has been con- siderably studied, and it is probable that some spore stages which have been described are not at any rate common stages in the life cycle. In general, two spore-producing stages may be found, the conidial and the ascigerous stages. The conidial stage has been described as Ramularia Tulasnei. This appears in early summer, as a rule, or so soon as the pale centers of the spots have been developed
RMBENT8P–Close up of fungus/fungi in The Mens ancient woodland near Petworth
RMPFYEG9–. A text-book of botany for secondary schools. Botany. 15S A TEXT-BOOK OP BOTAXY in other cases the spores are scattered by the wind and the infection starts in the tree tops. Almost all full-grown trees are diseased at some point. 86. Puffballs.—The puffballs are fleshy Fungi that differ from the mushrooms in having the spores enclosed until they are ripe (Fig. 152). There is a subterranean mycelium, as in the mush- rooms; but the spore- bearing structure is a fleshy, globular body, con- taining irregular cham- bers lined with the spore- producing layer. When young, this body is solid and whi
RM2DDRG6E–Honey Fungus (Armillaria mellea)
RFT9CE3J–Penicillium fungus and Roquefort cheese, composite image
RM2H2X6C5–Clustered Brittlestem fungi - Psathyrella multipedata - on a rotting silver birch tree stump in a lawn, England
RMRE3MW5–. Introduction to cryptogamic botany. Cryptogams. 44 INTRODUCTION TO CEYPTOGAMIC BOTANY. of Phssnogams, which, at times, are equally capable of re- production in the shape of buds. 31. The spores, or what have the appearance of spores, do not always reproduce the plant immediately, even in plants of such a low grade as Fungi. In the higher Fungi, certain cells swell and become clavate, producing on their surface a number of little points, each of which is terminated by a spore. In Tremella, this clavate swelling has much the appearance of fruit, but the points upon its surface are greatly elon
RMBENT9G–Close up of fungus/fungi in The Mens ancient woodland near Petworth
RMPG465B–. The fungi which cause plant disease . Plant diseases; Fungi. 318 THE FUNGI WHICH CAUSE PLANT DISEASE Urocystis Rabenhorst"' (p. 314) Sori usually in the leaves or stems, occasionally in other parts, producing dark-colored, usually dusty, spore-masses; spore-balls permanent, composed of an enveloping cortex of tinted sterile cells and usually one to Fig. 233.—Spore several interior fertile cells; fertile cells generally balls of U. ce- , , , , . ,. , , puia5. After dark-colored; germmation often by a short promyce- Thaxter. jj^^^ ^^^^^ ^^.^ duces terminally-grouped spori- dia; these give
RM2DDRG64–Honey Fungus (Armillaria mellea)
RFT9CE45–Penicillium fungus and Roquefort cheese, composite image
RM2H2X6CB–Clustered Brittlestem fungi - Psathyrella multipedata - on a rotting silver birch tree stump in a lawn, England
RM2H31YY6–Chlorophyllum rhacodes - Shaggy Parasol - mushroom in the soil beneath a woodland hedgerow in England, UK
RMREEPGF–. Comparative morphology of Fungi. Fungi. Fig. 341.— Tremella compacta. Habit and cross section. (Natural size; after Moller, 1895.) more gelatinuous than those of Auricularia. These gelatinous masses are hygroscopic, having the ability to swell greatly in wet weather, while in dry weather the imbibed water readily evaporates, producing great. Fig. 342.— Tremella fuciformis. Habit. (Natural size; after Moller, 1895.) shrinkage and change of form, as well as practical suspension of life processes. With the return of rainy weather, they renew their growth and spore formation. They are very resis
RMBENW7F–Close up of fungus/fungi in The Mens ancient woodland near Petworth
RMPG402R–. Fungous diseases of plants : with chapters on physiology, culture methods and technique . Fungi in agriculture. PHYCOMYCETES 139 of a cell (Fig. 42), which becomes a spore, or properly a spo- rangium, producing upon germination a mass of swarm spores. These spores, being dependent upon abundant moisture for their distribu- tion, may be rendered more or less ineffective by withholding water from the cranberry plants during the winter. This fungus also occurs upon other ericaceous plants more or less closely FlG. 4,. blackberry Gall: related to the cultivated cranberry. resting Spore Stage IV.
RFT9CE47–Penicillium fungus and Roquefort cheese, composite image
RM2H31YPY–Chlorophyllum rhacodes - Shaggy Parasol - mushroom in the soil beneath a woodland hedgerow in England, UK
RMRDD1W6–. Comparative morphology and biology of the fungi, mycetozoa and bacteria . Plant morphology; Fungi; Myxomycetes; Bacteriology. FIG. 35. a Cysteptts Portulacae; nt mycelial branch bearing two basidia which are producing gonidia byabjunction; the figure is explained in the text. * Eurolium Asptrgillus gtaucus; r extremity of a sporopbore covered with radiating sterigmata, on which the formation of spores is just beginning, s and / isolated portions showing smgle sterigmata^ with their spores; « youngest spore of a chaiiL a magn. 390, the rest 300 times.. Please note that these images are extrac
RMBENX95–Close up of fungus/fungi in The Mens ancient woodland near Petworth
RMPFYEGR–. A text-book of botany for secondary schools. Botany. I5r, A TKXT-BOOK OF BOTANY but numerous forms display the spore-producing la}'er in other ways. For example, the pore Fungi are so named because they have pore-like depressions or tubes lined by the basidium-laycr, instead of gills. In addition to umbrella- like forms among the pore Fungi (Fig. 148), there are the numerous bracket Fungi, which appear as hard hoof-like outgrowths on tree trunks (Fig. 149), stumps, etc. Some. ViG. 149.—A bracket-fungus (pore-fungus) growing on red oak. of these bracket Fungi are perennial, showing annual lay
RFT9CE3M–Penicillium fungus and Roquefort cheese, composite image
RM2H31YYB–Chlorophyllum rhacodes - Shaggy Parasol - mushroom in the soil beneath a woodland hedgerow in England, UK
RMRDW23K–. A manual of poisonous plants, chiefly of eastern North America, with brief notes on economic and medicinal plants, and numerous illustrations. Poisonous plants. Fig. 101. Spores of Yellow Leaf Disease of Barley (Helminthosporium gramineum). a. and e. Spores germinating, d. Conidiophore. 2. Leaf browning of Corn (.Helmin- thospOTum turcicum). Spore and conidiophore to the left. To the right, conidiophore pushing through stoma. Distribution and hosts. On corn, widely distributed in North America. Poisonous properties. All of these fungi may be regarded as injurious, possibly producing stomatit
RMBENPRN–Close up of fungus/fungi in The Mens ancient woodland near Petworth
RFT9CE43–Penicillium fungus and Roquefort cheese, composite image
RM2H31YPP–Chlorophyllum rhacodes - Shaggy Parasol - mushroom in the soil beneath a woodland hedgerow in England, UK
RMRE53MD–. Special pathology and therapeutics of the diseases of domestic animals. Veterinary medicine. Fig. 99. Streptothrix Actino- myces. Agar culture in dilute fuchsin solution.. Fig. 100. Actinomyces colonies and single ckib-shaped individ- uals. From tumor of maxilla; examined in caustic potash so- lution. spores which, however, may also be found in the interior of the filament (according to Domec, at the ends only), thus producing torula-like structures. (These spore-like bodies, unlike the spores of bacteria or those of some mold fungi, e. g., those of the Oidium species, are readily stained wi
RMBENPGF–Close up of fungus/fungi in The Mens ancient woodland near Petworth
RFT9CE3T–Penicillium fungus and Roquefort cheese, composite image
RM2H31YPM–Chlorophyllum rhacodes - Shaggy Parasol - mushroom in the soil beneath a woodland hedgerow in England, UK
RMRDWC4G–. The essentials of botany. Botany. ASCOSPOREAE 213 C. Spore fruits much reduced, containing teliospores. Class Teliospobeae. D. Asci, basidia or teliospores unknown (artificial group). Fungi Impeefecti. Class 14. ASCOSPOREAE. The Ascus Fungi. 333. This large class includes chlorophyll-less plants which differ much in size and appearance, but which agree in producing their fruit-spores (carpo- spores) in sacs (asci), and because they are in sacs they are called sac-spores or ascospores. These spore-bearing sacs (singular, ascus; plural, asci) are end- cells in the sporogenous tissue of the fru
RMBENWD9–Close up of fungus/fungi in The Mens ancient woodland near Petworth
RFT9CE44–Penicillium fungus and Roquefort cheese, composite image
RMRE0C33–. Senescence and rejuvenescence. Age; Reproduction. AGE CYCLE IN PLANTS AND LOWER ANIMALS 249 viduals. Various investigators, prominent among whom is Klebs/ have investigated and analyzed the external conditions which determine spore formation in the algae and fungi, and the results of their work agree well with this idea.. Figs. 106-108.—^Formation of spores in lower fungi: Fig. 106, a terminal cell of Saprolegnia producing zoospores; Fig. 107, A-C, three stages in the development of the sporangium in Mucor; Fig. 108, branches of the sporophore of Penicillium, pro- ducing series of conidia. F
RMBENTMR–Close up of fungus/fungi in The Mens ancient woodland near Petworth
RFT9CE3F–Penicillium fungus and Roquefort cheese, composite image
RMRDX103–. Fungi, ascomycetes, ustilaginales, uredinales. Fungi. h I c /d Fig. 147. Ustilago Scabiosae Sow.; development of basidium; after Harper. least two divisions; the basidium in turn produces a number of uninucleate sporidia or basidiospores. The basidium may be unicellular, giving rise to a bunch of basidiospores at its apex (Tilletia (fig. %d)), or multicellular, usually four-celled, producing one or more basidiospores from each cell (Us- tilago (fig. 147 e)). The nucleus of the parent cell does not travel into the basidiospore but divides, sending one daughter nucleus into the spore, whi
RMBENPJE–Close up of fungus/fungi in The Mens ancient woodland near Petworth
RFT9CE3X–Penicillium fungus and Roquefort cheese, composite image
RF2C9JCJ7–Computer illustration of green mould (Aspergillus flavus) conidiophore (fruiting structure) producing conidia (asexual conidia). Aspergillus flavus is
RMRJ6M38–. Grasses of North America [microform] : chapters on the physiology, composition, selection, improving and cultivation of grasses, management of grass lands, also chapters on clovers, injurious insects and fungi. Grasses; Forage plants; Graminées; Plantes fourragères. In the earlier part of the season small Avhitisli or i)ale-l)rown spots appear in the leaf, which contains the mycelium of a fungus. This fruits on the lower surface, producing num- erous tufts of necklace-shaped threads, each of which ends in a ^.'-celled, egg- shaped conidia-s])ore. These tufts of threads, which, like the spore
RMBENP64–Close up of fungus/fungi in The Mens ancient woodland near Petworth
RF2C9JCH1–Computer illustration of green mould (Aspergillus flavus) conidiophore (fruiting structure) producing conidia (asexual conidia). Aspergillus flavus is
RMRDX109–. Fungi, ascomycetes, ustilaginales, uredinales. Fungi. h I c /d Fig. 147. Ustilago Scabiosae Sow.; development of basidium; after Harper. least two divisions; the basidium in turn produces a number of uninucleate sporidia or basidiospores. The basidium may be unicellular, giving rise to a bunch of basidiospores at its apex (Tilletia (fig. %d)), or multicellular, usually four-celled, producing one or more basidiospores from each cell (Us- tilago (fig. 147 e)). The nucleus of the parent cell does not travel into the basidiospore but divides, sending one daughter nucleus into the spore, whi
RMBENPJA–Close up of fungus/fungi in The Mens ancient woodland near Petworth
RF2C9JCJ8–Computer illustration of green mould (Aspergillus flavus) conidiophore (fruiting structure) producing conidia (asexual conidia). Aspergillus flavus is
RMRDJFWH–. Fungous diseases of plants : with chapters on physiology, culture methods and technique . Fungi in agriculture. Fig. 41. Synchytrium on Puerarta, Stages in the For- mation OF THE POLYNUCLEATE FUNGOUS BODY AND THE Lysigenous Cavity. (After Kusano) The simple protoplasmic mass resulting from the growth of the penetrating swarm spore becomes either a fruit body, sorus, or a resting spore; in the latter case it becomes a fruit body ulti- mately, and this, at maturity, breaks up into numerous sporangia, and may therefore be termed a sorus, each sporangium eventually producing swarm cells. Harper
RMBENX05–Close up of fungus/fungi in The Mens ancient woodland near Petworth
RF2C9JCHP–Computer illustration of green mould (Aspergillus flavus) conidiophore (fruiting structure) producing conidia (asexual conidia). Aspergillus flavus is
RMRE5BDN–. Cronartium comandrae in the Rocky Mountain States. Cronartium comandrae Rocky Mountains Region; Fungi Rocky Mountains Region. Each plot consisted of lodgepole pines with 10 marked cankers and 10 marked branch shoots on the same trees, and 10 comandra shoots in nearby open areas. Length of marked shoots and occurrence of spore-producing structures were recorded at least once each month of the growing season. Analysis of these plots (fig. 15) tells us much about the phenology of the hosts and parasite in the Rocky Mountains. Comandra sprouts early in the spring; it emerges through the soil soo
RF2C9JCGY–Computer illustration of green mould (Aspergillus flavus) conidiophore (fruiting structure) producing conidia (asexual conidia). Aspergillus flavus is
RMRR1F2J–. Agricultural plant pest control : a study manual for commercial and governmental pesticide applicators . Weeds; Pests. Figure 1-3 Developing fungal spores. Vegetative growth (mycelia, hyphae) of the fungus usually gives rise to reproductive structures producing fungal spores (Figure I- 3) which act to spread the disease from infected to healthy plants. The life cycles of certain fungi are extremely complex and may involve a number of different spore stages and more than one plant host (Figure 1-4). Fungi cause local or general disintegration of plant cells or tissue, stunting of plant organs
RMRDAAJ0–. A text-book of botany for secondary schools. Botany. 15S A TEXT-BOOK OP BOTAXY in other cases the spores are scattered by the wind and the infection starts in the tree tops. Almost all full-grown trees are diseased at some point. 86. Puffballs.—The puffballs are fleshy Fungi that differ from the mushrooms in having the spores enclosed until they are ripe (Fig. 152). There is a subterranean mycelium, as in the mush- rooms; but the spore- bearing structure is a fleshy, globular body, con- taining irregular cham- bers lined with the spore- producing layer. When young, this body is solid and whi
RMRDJFW7–. Fungous diseases of plants : with chapters on physiology, culture methods and technique . Fungi in agriculture. PHYCOMYCETES 139 of a cell (Fig. 42), which becomes a spore, or properly a spo- rangium, producing upon germination a mass of swarm spores. These spores, being dependent upon abundant moisture for their distribu- tion, may be rendered more or less ineffective by withholding water from the cranberry plants during the winter. This fungus also occurs upon other ericaceous plants more or less closely FlG. 4,. blackberry Gall: related to the cultivated cranberry. resting Spore Stage IV.
RMRDE674–. The fungi which cause plant disease . Plant diseases; Fungi. 318 THE FUNGI WHICH CAUSE PLANT DISEASE Urocystis Rabenhorst"' (p. 314) Sori usually in the leaves or stems, occasionally in other parts, producing dark-colored, usually dusty, spore-masses; spore-balls permanent, composed of an enveloping cortex of tinted sterile cells and usually one to Fig. 233.—Spore several interior fertile cells; fertile cells generally balls of U. ce- , , , , . ,. , , puia5. After dark-colored; germmation often by a short promyce- Thaxter. jj^^^ ^^^^^ ^^.^ duces terminally-grouped spori- dia; these give
RMRDAAJC–. A text-book of botany for secondary schools. Botany. I5r, A TKXT-BOOK OF BOTANY but numerous forms display the spore-producing la}'er in other ways. For example, the pore Fungi are so named because they have pore-like depressions or tubes lined by the basidium-laycr, instead of gills. In addition to umbrella- like forms among the pore Fungi (Fig. 148), there are the numerous bracket Fungi, which appear as hard hoof-like outgrowths on tree trunks (Fig. 149), stumps, etc. Some. ViG. 149.—A bracket-fungus (pore-fungus) growing on red oak. of these bracket Fungi are perennial, showing annual lay
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