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Spores bacteria Black & White Stock Photos
RMKTWT5X–Under a magnification of 6, 408X, this scanning electron micrograph (SEM) depicted spores from the Aimes strain of Bacillus anthracis bacteria. See PHIL 10124 for a colorized version of this image. A key characteristic of the Aimes strain of B. anthracis is the smooth surface of the protein coat of these bacterial spores. These spores can live for many years which, enables the bacteria to survive in a dormant state. Image courtesy CDC/Laura Rose, 2002.
RFRXR0NJ–Many little microbes and bacteria are on surface, computer generated modern abstract background, 3d rendering
RF2C9C39P–The endogenous spores of the hay bacillus, like spores inside rod, vintage line drawing or engraving illustration.
RM2AWTKTY–Essentials of bacteriology; being a concise and systematic introduction to the study of bacteria and allied microörganisms . wth.—Somewhat more rapid than the favus, and thegelatin quickly liquefied. Old cultures are of an orange-yeUow color. Colonies have a star-shaped form. On agar and potato the organism can be cultivated byfirst treating the infected hairs and scales with potassiumhydroxid (dilute solution); this liberates the spores and dis-solves sorne of the bacteria which usually contaminates theculture. Some of the colonies are crateriform. Pathogenesis.—Herpes tonsurans and the vari
RF2BTGEMM–A typical representation of a Clostridium, one cell containing two spores, vintage line drawing or engraving illustration.
RF2HNF69K–Blood test Simple vector icon. Illustration symbol design template for web mobile UI element.
RF2C9BTE4–The various stages in the development of the endogenous spores in a Clostridium, the small letters indicate the order, vintage line drawing or engravi
RMPG3J23–. Comparative morphology and biology of the fungi, mycetozoa and bacteria . Plant morphology; Fungi; Myxomycetes; Bacteriology. CHAPTER V.âCOMPARATIVE REVIEW.âASCOMYCETES. 241 of the jelly, and which must necessarily be communicated to such small and light bodies. With these characteristics the spermatia cannot be certainly distinguished from small spores. The distinction however is, that, like those of CoUema or Polystigma, they are all, as far as has been hitherto observed, incapable of germination. Secondly, these organs all agree in having the spermatiophores collected together into close
RMKTWT5P–Under a very high magnification of 31, 207X, this scanning electron micrograph (SEM) depicted spores from the Sterne strain of Bacillus anthracis bacteria. For a colorized version of this image see PHIL 10023. A key characteristic of the Sterne strain of B. anthracis is the wrinkled surface of the protein coat of these bacterial spores. These spores can live for many years which, enables the bacteria to survive in a dormant state. Image courtesy CDC/Laura Rose, 2002.
RFRXR0NH–Many little microbes and bacteria are on surface, computer generated modern abstract background, 3d rendering
RFR4EMHG–Many microbes and bacteria are on surface, computer generated modern abstract background, 3d render
RM2AWX3FT–Essentials of bacteriology; being a concise and systematic introduction to the study of bacteria and allied microörganisms . ^fcy Fig. 16.—Autoclave. Horizontal form. is subjected to 60° C. for four hours, in which time a part atleast of those spores have developed into bacteria, and thebacteria destroyed by the further application of the heat.The next day more bacteria will have formed, and fourhours subjection to 60° C. heat will destroy them, and so,at the end of a week, using four hours application each day,all the spores originally present will have germinated and thebacteria be destroye
RF2C9C301–A typical representation of a Spirillum containing many spores, 'a', which are liberated at, 'b', by the breaking up of the parent cells, vintage line
RMPG4CE6–. Comparative morphology and biology of the fungi, mycetozoa and bacteria . Plant morphology; Fungi; Myxomycetes; Bacteriology. CHAPTER III.—SPORES OF FUNGI. 93 Section XXV. In most Lichen-fungi with open hymenia the mechanism for the ejection of the spores is similar to that which has now been described, though it differs from it in particular points which appear to me to require further investigation. The structure of the hymenia is essentially the same as in the Discomycetes; there is, according to Tulasne, the same turgescence of the mature ascuii in both, and the same simultaneous ejectio
RF2BTGE10–A typical representation of a chair of cocci of Leuconostoc mesenterioides, with two resting spores, anthrospores, vintage line drawing or engraving i
RMKTWT5K–Under a high magnification of 12, 483X, this scanning electron micrograph (SEM) depicted spores from the Sterne strain of Bacillus anthracis bacteria. For a black and white version of this image see PHIL 10122. A key characteristic of the Sterne strain of B. anthracis is the wrinkled surface of the protein coat of these bacterial spores. These spores can live for many years which, enables the bacteria to survive in a dormant state. Image courtesy CDC/Laura Rose, 2002.
RMKW108F–This illustration depicts a photomicrographic view of a gentian violet-stained culture specimen revealing the presence of numerous Gram-positive Clostridium botulinum, formerly known as Bacillus botulinus bacteria, and bacterial endospores. Botulism is a rare but serious paralytic illness caused by a nerve toxin that is produced by the bacterium Cl. botulinum and sometimes by strains of Cl. butyricum and Cl. baratii . These bacteria can be found in soil. They are rod-shaped organisms that grow best in low oxygen conditions. The bacteria form spores (seen here), which allow them to survive in a
RM2AWTTC4–Essentials of bacteriology; being a concise and systematic introduction to the study of bacteria and allied microörganisms . color themselves strongly at thepoles, giving rise to the dumb-bell shape (Fig. 97). Theydo not take the Gram stain; they are without spores, and donot liquefy gelatin. They have been divided into three groups. Bacillus avi-septicus, as it appears in fowls; Bacillus hovisepticus, as itattacks cattle; Bacillus suisepticus, as it attacks swine.The prominent members of each group are: Bacillus of HEMOREHAGIC SEPTICEMIA GROUP I93 chicken cholera of Pasteur, bacillus of swin
RMPG44X5–. Comparative morphology and biology of the fungi, mycetozoa and bacteria . Plant morphology; Fungi; Myxomycetes; Bacteriology. CHAPTER III.—SPORES OF FUNGI. 63 The acrogenous abjunction of the greater number of propagative cells is either simultaneous or successive. It is simultaneous when a number of shoots make their appearance at the same time at the apex of the basidium, grow with the same rapidity, and experience abjunction at the same time, either at their point of insertion or beneath their apex which is borne by the stalk (sterigma). The protoplasm of the basidium is used up in the pr
RF2BTGKJR–A typical representation of the early stages in the germination of the spores, after being dried several days, vintage line drawing or engraving illus
RM2AWTRTB–Essentials of bacteriology; being a concise and systematic introduction to the study of bacteria and allied microörganisms . igment-granules appear, whUe instained specimens a nucleus containing chromatin granulesis visible. As the parasite approaches maturity the chroma-tin becomes scattered, and finally the protoplasm or mother-cell, known as sporocyte, divides into six to twenty spores,daughter-cells or merozoites, each containing a portion of thechromatin. The number of spores formed and their arrange-ment before segmentation takes place differ in the threevarieties and will be noted belo
RMPG4DTR–. Comparative morphology and biology of the fungi, mycetozoa and bacteria . Plant morphology; Fungi; Myxomycetes; Bacteriology. CHAPTER III.—SPORES OF FUNGI. 67 of which those named Cladosporium herbarum, Dematium are the best known; to these may be added the delicate botryosporum^ and many others. Connected with these three kinds of acrogenous abjunction of spores is one which is less distinctly marked and which may be termed the mode of eross- septation (Querzergliederung). In this the terminal por- tion of a hypha or hyphal branch grows first of all to a certain length, and then ceases to e
RF2BTGMC3–A typical representation of the various phases of germination of spores of Bacillus ramosus, as observed in hanging drops under high powers, vintage l
RM2AWTKJD–Essentials of bacteriology; being a concise and systematic introduction to the study of bacteria and allied microörganisms . Fig. III.—Aspergillus fumigatus (X 500) (Frankel and Pfeiffer). Growth.—^Best upon fruit-juices. Non-pathogenic. Themold is green. Aspergillus flavus has the tufts and spores ofa yellow color. Aspergillus Fumigatus.—Is pathogenic for rabbits wheninjected into them. At the autopsy their visceraare foundfilled with the mold. Examination of Yeasts and Molds.—^Yeasts and moldsare best examined in the unstained condition. A small por-tion of the colony rubbed up with a mixtu
RMPG2XTJ–. Comparative morphology and biology of the fungi, mycetozoa and bacteria . Plant morphology; Fungi; Myxomycetes; Bacteriology. 28o DIVISION II.—COURUE OF DEVELOPMENT OF FUNGI. the outer surface of somewhat cushion-shaped bodies, which are formed by the interweaving of mycelial hyphae immediately beneath the epidermis of the host, more rarely at a greater depth, and burst through it when they form spores. Both are formed acrogenously on crowded sporiferous cells (sterigmata, basidia), which cover the outer surface of the hymenium, either alone or in certain species mixed with or surrounded by
RF2BTGFFR–A typical representation of the various phases of germination of spores of Bacillus ramosus, as observed in hanging drops under high powers, vintage l
RF2BTH53Y–A typical representation of the successive stages in the development of the spores, like spheres lined inside a rod, vintage line drawing or engraving
RFTCYDTA–Microorganisms and various bacteria causing human disease under strong microscope magnification
RM2AKMA02–Practical dairy bacteriology, prepared for the use of students, dairymen, and all interested in the problems of the relation of milk to public health . ^ iL -CL dl st FIG. 10—COMMON MOLDj ASPERGILLUSMycelium and method of forming spores tinguishing spores, does not, however, belong to our immediatesubject. Such types as are concerned in dairy problems willbe mentioned later in the proper places. (See frontispiece.) NAMES APPLIED TO BACTERIA The detailed classification of bacteria is rather complicatedand difficult, and need not detain the dairy student. A fewterms, however, are so general that
RMPG2J8K–. Comparative morphology and biology of the fungi, mycetozoa and bacteria . Plant morphology; Fungi; Myxomycetes; Bacteriology. 3IO DIVISION II.—COURSE OF DEVELOPMENT OF FUNGI. Corda; or it is composed of a tough gelatinous felt, as in Hysterangium and Melanogaster. The peridia show no marked peculiarities of structure, having a close weft like that of the walls of the chambers formed of hyphae which run chiefly in the direction of the surface. They decay after the spores have ripened and while the gleba is gradually becoming disintegrated. The Seeotieae, or at least the genus Seootiuin and Ca
RF2BTGW4B–A typical representation of the various phases of germination of spores of Bacillus ramosus, as observed in hanging drops under high powers, vintage l
RM2AWTM9K–Essentials of bacteriology; being a concise and systematic introduction to the study of bacteria and allied microörganisms . cillium glaucum (X 500) (Frankel and Pfeiffer). walls break down, and the wind scatters the spores, leavingthe cap or columella behind. The rounded sporangium isusually black. Growth.—^Takes place at higher temperatures on acid media.It is not pathogenic. Achorion Schonleinii. Trichophyton Tonsurans.Microsporon Furfur.—^These three forms are similar toeach other in nearly every particular, and resemble in somerespects the Oidium lactis, in other ways, the mucors. The YE
RMPG407C–. Comparative morphology and biology of the fungi, mycetozoa and bacteria . Plant morphology; Fungi; Myxomycetes; Bacteriology. CHAPTER V.—COMPARATIVE REVIEW.—ASCOMrCETES.—COLLEMACEAE. ail covered on the inside with periphyses which converge towards the median line. All the periphyses, those of the neck as well as those beneath it, converge till their extremities touch, but without becoming firmly united, so that asci or spores can pass between them to the outside when they are mature. In Melanospora parasitica the future canal of the ostiole is to some extent marked out from the first, for th
RF2BTGGP0–A typical representation of the various phases of germination of spores of Bacillus ramosus, as observed in hanging drops under high powers, vintage l
RM2AWWH5C–Essentials of bacteriology; being a concise and systematic introduction to the study of bacteria and allied microörganisms . any years investigation, that he found specific bacil-lus in all leprous processes. Form.—SmaU slender rods,somewhat shorter than tu-bercle bacilh, otherwise verysimilar in appearance.Neither in the form norstaining reactions can B.lepra be distinguished fromB. tuberculosis. In the interior of the celltwo or three oval spaces areusually seen, not believed tobe spores. They are immotile.Growth. — Bordoni-Uffred-uzzi have obtained growthsupon blood-serum to which peptone
RMPG4DN0–. Comparative morphology and biology of the fungi, mycetozoa and bacteria . Plant morphology; Fungi; Myxomycetes; Bacteriology. CHAPTER III.—SPORES OF FUNGI. 69 A- also the rest of the hymenial tissue, becomes entirely dissolved by processes of decom- position not accurately known, and the spores are thus set at liberty. They lie at first in the place where they were formed; their subsequent fortunes are described in Division II. The history of the basidia, which make their appearance as branches of the simple sporophores and form gonidia in Peziza Fuckeliana ('Botrytis cinerea'), is essential
RM2AWW7M0–Essentials of bacteriology; being a concise and systematic introduction to the study of bacteria and allied microörganisms . at one end. Old agar cultures showstraight forms; S-shaped forms not uncommon, made of twovibrios end to end (Fig. 64). Properties.—^The spirilla are very motile; liquefy gelatin.They are easUy affected by heat and dryness. Spores havenot been found. Growth.—^At ordinary temperatures on all nutrient media that have an alkaline or neutral reaction. Strongly aerobic. Colonies, Gelatin.—After twenty-four hours, small white points which gradually come to the surface, the ge
RMPG3CTE–. Comparative morphology and biology of the fungi, mycetozoa and bacteria . Plant morphology; Fungi; Myxomycetes; Bacteriology. 276 DIVISION II.—COURSE OF DEVELOPMENT OF FUNGI. one another without interstices, the uppermost inchning towards one another and closing over the apex of the spore-chains; and as this is done from the first, before the hyraenial layer has reached its definitive breadth, the envelope is formed at least at the same time as the first basidia, and perhaps before them. All cells of the envelope are polyhedric in form, and are distinguished from the spores by their larger s
RM2AKMANA–Practical dairy bacteriology, prepared for the use of students, dairymen, and all interested in the problems of the relation of milk to public health . FIG. 6—RELATIVE SIZE OF YEAST (6)MOLD SPORES (c) AND BACTERIA (o) WHAT ARE BACTERIA? two may break apart at once, or each of them may in turnproduce other buds before separating; but in either case thereare now two cells where there was originally but one. Yeastsalso multiply with considerable rapidity, but not, as a rule, asrapidly as many of the bacteria; nevertheless their great powerof multiplication makes them of great importance among the
RMPG07C1–. Diseases of bees. Bees. The bacteria of American foulbrood are hardy compared with the average forms of germs. If they were not so hardy they would not be able to continue the disease in spite of all adverse conditions to which they are subjected in attempted control measures. This point is im- portant because of its bearing upon the apparent disappearance of the disease in the treated colonies and apriary and the unexplained ap- pearance of the disease at a later time. The spores remain capable of producing bacteria for 30 or 40 years, so that when the material is once contaminated it is ex
RFTD8KAX–The microorganisms and viruses causing various diseases of a man under a strong magnification of the microscope
RM2AWW8P5–Essentials of bacteriology; being a concise and systematic introduction to the study of bacteria and allied microörganisms . curs; in-dol is usually not formed. Typhoid sera do not agglutinateparacolon baciUi, and vice versa; also different paracoloninfections may not agglutinate each other. Bacillus Botulinus (Van Ermengem).—An anaerobic ba-cillus cultivated by Van Ermengem in 1896 from ham whichhad caused poisoning. Form.—A large bacillus with rounded or spindle-shapedends, and often with oval terminal spores, motile, with lateralflageUa (Fig. 62). THE COLON-TYPHOID GROUP 145 Staining.—Gram
RMPG44CC–. Comparative morphology and biology of the fungi, mycetozoa and bacteria . Plant morphology; Fungi; Myxomycetes; Bacteriology. CHAPTER 111.—SPORES OF FUNGI. 65 In basidia exhibiting successive abjunction of many propagative cells the process of abjunction is repeated several times on the same basidium. There are three very distinct sub-forms of successive abjunction, each of which has some special pecu- liarities connected with it. These sub-forms may be distinguished as the sympodial and the serial or concatenate (Reihen-weise, Kettenweise), the latter being again divided into the simple and
RM2AWTMDR–Essentials of bacteriology; being a concise and systematic introduction to the study of bacteria and allied microörganisms . ia g-ndculture-media. Form.—From the mycelium, hyphas spring which divideinto basidia (branches), from which tiny filaments arise(sterigmata), arranged like a brush or tuft. On each sterigmaa little bead or conidium forms, which is the spore. In thisparticular fungus the spores m mass appear green. Growth.—It develops only at ordinary temperatures, form-ing thick, grayish-green molds on bread-mash. At first theseappear white, but as soon as the spores form, the green pr
RMPG4CAK–. Comparative morphology and biology of the fungi, mycetozoa and bacteria . Plant morphology; Fungi; Myxomycetes; Bacteriology. 96 DIVISION I.—GENERAL MORPHOLOGY. as it was described in Peziza Sclerotiorum, &c. (Fig. 43), which is extended by stretching into a thin membrane, it becomes a question whether the thickenings in the cases we are considering are not extended in the same way into thin membranes with the expansion of the ascus, and are to be considered therefore as reserve-pieces of membrane destined to be extended and to assist in the ejection of the spores, and comparable with th
RFTCRCHT–Microbes and various microorganisms under strong microscope magnification.Texture or background
RM2AWW4K8–Essentials of bacteriology; being a concise and systematic introduction to the study of bacteria and allied microörganisms . Usually found inpairs, sometimes in filaments of three and four elements. Inthe material from the body a capsule surrounds each coccus.In the artificial cultures this is not found (Figs. 71 and 72). Properties.—^Variable in form, approaching the bacillaryt3rpe. Do not liquefy gelatin. There are no spores. Non-motile. Growth.—Best between 27° C. and 41° C, seldom below25° C. Facultative anaerobic. The culture-media must beslightly alkaline; the growth is slow. iS8 ESSENT
RMPG4B35–. Comparative morphology and biology of the fungi, mycetozoa and bacteria . Plant morphology; Fungi; Myxomycetes; Bacteriology. CHAPTER V.—COMPARATIVE REVIEW.—USTILAGINEAE. 177 episporium is almost or altogether colourless. The envelope-cells which adhere to the spores in Urocystis have likewise pale-coloured membranes at the time of maturity, and their contents are almost entirely watery. The germination of the resting-spores takes place when they are suflBciently supplied with moisture and have absorbed it to a sufficient degree. The form diflfers according as only water is supplied to the s
RM2AWWD0W–Essentials of bacteriology; being a concise and systematic introduction to the study of bacteria and allied microörganisms . no specific action. CHAPTER XX . THE COLON-TYPHOm GROUP In this group are placed a variety of organisms similar inform and growth and having many biologic properties incommon, but differing in pathogenesis. The more impor-tant members of this group are: Bacillus coli, B. typhosus,B. enteritidis, B. dysenterim. Another closely related organismis the B. suipestifer (hog cholera). The form is usually aplump rod with rounded ends. Gram-negative. No spores. 134 ESSENTIALS OF
RMPG2145–. Comparative morphology and biology of the fungi, mycetozoa and bacteria . Plant morphology; Fungi; Myxomycetes; Bacteriology. 244 DIVISION II.—COURSE OF DEVELOPMENT OF FUNGI. The small rod-like cells which sprout from the cells of the spores of Nectria inaurata and N. Lamyi * while still inside the ascus, filling it quite full and giving rise to strange misunderstandings, may also be mentioned in this place, though it is not very probable that they are of the same significance. The point of agreement between all these forms lies in their outward resemblance and in the absence of any certain
RM2AWWM56–Essentials of bacteriology; being a concise and systematic introduction to the study of bacteria and allied microörganisms . iththe ordinary spore stain. Bacterium Zopiii (Kurth) (1883).—Origin.—Intestines of a fowl. Form.—Short thick rods forming longthreads coiled up, which finally break upinto spores, which were once thought tobe micrococci. Properties.-—Very motile; does not dissolve or liquefy gelatin. Produces putrefaction in albuminous media, with gas formation. Growth.—In thirty hours abundant growth; aerobic; grows best at 20° C. Agar Plates.—Small white points which form the center
RMPG28BW–. Comparative morphology and biology of the fungi, mycetozoa and bacteria . Plant morphology; Fungi; Myxomycetes; Bacteriology. 422 SECOND PART.—MrCETOZOA. without success. Germination takes place under conditions which will be more particularly related in a subsequent page; in most species when the spores are placed in water. The germinating spore (Fig. 182) swells first of all by absorption of water, and one or two small vacuoles, which disappear and reappear alternately, are seen near the upper surface of the protoplasm in which rotating movements are often observed; at length, and usually
RM2AWWMGK–Essentials of bacteriology; being a concise and systematic introduction to the study of bacteria and allied microörganisms . Fig. 38.—Colony of Bacillusmesentericus vulgatus. SOME COMMON BACTERIA SLIGHTLY PATHOGENIC 99 Spores.^Are very resistant; are colored in the mannerdescribed in first part of the book for spores in general. Bacillus Megateritom (de Bary) (Fig. 39).—Origin.—Found on rotten cabbage and garden-soil. Form.—^Large rods, four times as long as they are broad,2.5 ju. Thick, rounded ends. Chains with ten or more mem-bers often formed; granular cell contents. Abundant spore format
RMPG4AMF–. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. Fig. 257.—Bxobasidium vaccinii. The basidial layer is shown developing from the intercelUilar myceliiim of the shoots. (After Woronin.). Fig. 258.—Exobasidium vaccinii, Germinating basidiospores. The septate spores have given off germ-tubes which penetrate into the cowberry leaves, either by stomata or through the epidermis. The lowest spore is forming conidia. (After Woronin.) This Eosobasidium is very common on th
RM2AWWK3J–Essentials of bacteriology; being a concise and systematic introduction to the study of bacteria and allied microörganisms . Fig. 42.- -Bacillus anthracis, stained to show the spores (X 1000)(Frankel and Pteiffer). Form.—Rods of variable length, largest of pathogenic or-ganisms 4 At to 10 /i in length, nearly the size of a human blood-corpuscle; broad, cup-shaped ends; in bouillon cultureslong threads are formed, with large oval spores (Figs. 42, 43). Spores.—Single, large, very resistant. Dry heat, 140° C,in three hours; steam in five minutes; necessary to kill. Do io6 ESSENTIALS OF BACTEEIO
RMPG46DM–. Comparative morphology and biology of the fungi, mycetozoa and bacteria . Plant morphology; Fungi; Myxomycetes; Bacteriology. CHAPTER VII.—PHENOMENA OF VEGETATION.—PARASITES. 361. spores; they appear in nature rather as epiphytic growths on the walls of cavities in the bodies of animals which are easily accessible from without, such as the passages of the ear and the bronchi. In most cases the spore of the parasite begins the emission of a germ-tube independently of the host, either after simple absorption of water or by appropriation at the same time of food-material produced outside the ho
RM2AWWJJ1–Essentials of bacteriology; being a concise and systematic introduction to the study of bacteria and allied microörganisms . Fig. 45- Fig. 46. Figs. 45, 46.—Stab-cultures of anthrax in gelatin. Agar Stroke.—Grayish-white, slightly wrinkled layer wiliiirregular edges. ^ Gelatin Stab-cultures.—A white growth with thom-Kkeprocesses along the needle-track (Uke an inverted fir tree).Later on, gelatin liquefied, and flaky masses at the bottom;(See Figs. 45, 46-) Io8 ESSENTIALS OF BACTERIOLOGY Potato.—A dry, creamy layer, and when placed in incu-bator, rich in spores. Staining.—Rta.diy take the ani
RMPFTR0J–. A laboratory manual of soil bacteriology. Soil microbiology. Fig. 8.—Iron bacteria: A, Crenothrix thread showing germination of spores within sheath; X 850. B, Chlamydothrix showing simple and curved threads; X 850. 85. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Fred, Edwin Broun, 1887-1981. Philadelphia, London, W. B. Saunders Company
RM2CE4P9K–. Pathogenic microörganisms; a practical manual for students, physicians, and health officers . Fig. 6.—B. diphtherije No. 8 from10 days broth pelhcle, showing longi-tudinal fusion and position of metachroma-tic granules. Stained with Lofflersmethylene blue. X 2000 diameters. W i (1 «.;. Fig. 7.—Bacillus biltschlii: a to c, incomplete division of the cell; d to/, gradual collec-tion of chromatin granules at ends of cells; g to i, formation of end spores from thesechromatin end masses. (After Schaudinn.) The true spores (endospores) of the lower bacteria are definitebodies. These are strongly
RMPG4420–. Comparative morphology and biology of the fungi, mycetozoa and bacteria . Plant morphology; Fungi; Myxomycetes; Bacteriology. CHAPTER III.—SPORES OF FUNGI. lOI Others perform no such function and are therefore only simple pores or pits. The position of the pores on the membrane is different in different species. The spores, for instance, of Sordaria fimiseda, de Not. have at their apex a germ-pore which is closed only by the outermost lamella of the membrane (Fig. 52). The germ-pores of the uredospores which I have examined, those of Puccinia for example and Uromyces, are sharply defined rou
RM2CE4H73–. Pathogenic microörganisms; a practical manual for students, physicians, and health officers . Fig. 157.- -Baoillus aerogenes capsulatus. 1, bacilli; S, spores; 3, culture in dextrose-nutrient agar. » Biology.—Anaerobic, non-motile, non-liquefying bacilli. They arepositive to Gram, but are more easily decolorized than many bacteria.Growth is rapid at 37° C, in the usual culture media in the absence ofoxygen, and is accompanied by the production of gas. Nutrient gelatinis not liquefied, but it is gradually peptonized. On agar colonies aredeveloped which are from 1 to 2 mm. or more in diameter
RMPG4DFX–. Comparative morphology and biology of the fungi, mycetozoa and bacteria . Plant morphology; Fungi; Myxomycetes; Bacteriology. 72 DIVISION I.—GENERAL MORPHOLOGY. one belonging to the sixth youngest spore in the chain. Phenomena essentially the same occur in other species of the Uredineae, but with considerable variations in form in the different species'. Where filiform sporophores rise free into the air, a further mechanical arrange- ment is found which greatly assists the shedding and scattering of the abscised spores. It may be readily observed in the Hyphomycetes, in Peronospora, for exam
![. Pathogenic microoÌrganisms; a practical manual for students, physicians, and health officers . .m^- - 21 SPORES 22 ^^ ^ES25 CSZl r F G IRREGULAR FORMS IN OLD CULTURES (INVOLUTION FORMS] («^^* A. W. WILLIAMS, DEL. O 9^ . 27 «â¢-» % tP 4 4 â â *⢠BACTERIA 33 Structure of Bacterial CeUs.âWhen examined living in a hangingorop (see p. 71) under the microscope, bacteria appear usually as color-less retractive bodies with or without spores or other more highlyretractive areas. It is only by the use of stains that we are able tosee more of their structure. Capsule.âSpecial staining methods (see Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/2CE4PFM/pathogenic-microorganisms-a-practical-manual-for-students-physicians-and-health-officers-m-21-spores-22-es25-cszl-r-f-g-irregular-forms-in-old-cultures-involution-forms-a-w-williams-del-o-9-27-tp-4-4-bacteria-33-structure-of-bacterial-ceuswhen-examined-living-in-a-hangingorop-see-p-71-under-the-microscope-bacteria-appear-usually-as-color-less-retractive-bodies-with-or-without-spores-or-other-more-highlyretractive-areas-it-is-only-by-the-use-of-stains-that-we-are-able-tosee-more-of-their-structure-capsulespecial-staining-methods-see-2CE4PFM.jpg ". Pathogenic microoÌrganisms; a practical manual for students, physicians, and health officers . .m^- - 21 SPORES 22 ^^ ^ES25 CSZl r F G IRREGULAR FORMS IN OLD CULTURES (INVOLUTION FORMS] («^^* A. W. WILLIAMS, DEL. O 9^ . 27 «â¢-» % tP 4 4 â â *⢠BACTERIA 33 Structure of Bacterial CeUs.âWhen examined living in a hangingorop (see p. 71) under the microscope, bacteria appear usually as color-less retractive bodies with or without spores or other more highlyretractive areas. It is only by the use of stains that we are able tosee more of their structure. Capsule.âSpecial staining methods (see Stock Photo")
RM2CE4PFM–. Pathogenic microoÌrganisms; a practical manual for students, physicians, and health officers . .m^- - 21 SPORES 22 ^^ ^ES25 CSZl r F G IRREGULAR FORMS IN OLD CULTURES (INVOLUTION FORMS] («^^* A. W. WILLIAMS, DEL. O 9^ . 27 «â¢-» % tP 4 4 â â *⢠BACTERIA 33 Structure of Bacterial CeUs.âWhen examined living in a hangingorop (see p. 71) under the microscope, bacteria appear usually as color-less retractive bodies with or without spores or other more highlyretractive areas. It is only by the use of stains that we are able tosee more of their structure. Capsule.âSpecial staining methods (see
RMPG4CTX–. Comparative morphology and biology of the fungi, mycetozoa and bacteria . Plant morphology; Fungi; Myxomycetes; Bacteriology. CHAPTER III.—SPORES OF FUNGI. 87 it is the apical and most extensible portion of the wall and chiefly the area forming the lid in that portion which is most distinctly coloured blue with iodine. In the Sordarieae also I frequently saw the ascus open by a comparatively tall lid. There is a third series of cases in which the spores are ejected through an apical perfectly circular hole which before ejection of the spores is a circumscribed thinner or less compact portion
RMRDCRWJ–. Comparative morphology and biology of the fungi, mycetozoa and bacteria . Plant morphology; Fungi; Myxomycetes; Bacteriology. CHAPTER V.âCOMPARATIVE REVIEW.âASCOMYCETES. 241 of the jelly, and which must necessarily be communicated to such small and light bodies. With these characteristics the spermatia cannot be certainly distinguished from small spores. The distinction however is, that, like those of CoUema or Polystigma, they are all, as far as has been hitherto observed, incapable of germination. Secondly, these organs all agree in having the spermatiophores collected together into close
RMPG4B6A–. Botany for agricultural students . Botany. BACTERIA 341 of the organism, develop abnormally, producing scabby formations which constitute the scabby areas on the tuber or root. The Plasmodia are finally transformed into spores which are liberated as powdery masses as the infected tissues die and the spore masses break open. It has been found that the spores can live in the ground for a num- ber of years and may also live adhering to the rind of the Potato. Treating seed Potatoes with weak solu- tions of formaldehyde or corrosive subhmate to kill the spores adhering to the tubers, and rotatin
RMRE483A–. Applied bacteriology; an introductory handbook for the use of students, medical officers of health, analysts and sanitarians. Bacteriology. THE STEAM STERILISER 33 the bacteria present and most of the spores, but some of the latter remain and develop by the next day into adult organ- isms; these are killed on heating the second time; any organ- isms that remain are finally destroyed by the third heating. The steam steriliser is also conveniently employed in hasten- ing the filtration of nutrient agar, in preference to the use of the hot-water funnel. For this purpose the flask to receive the
RMPG1R1X–. Comparative morphology and biology of the fungi, mycetozoa and bacteria . Plant morphology; Fungi; Myxomycetes; Bacteriology. Fig. 143. Tulostotna ntammosum, FlG. 144. Secotiumerythrecephalum, Fr. Basidia with fully formed spores TuL Sporophore divided in half^ of highly magnified. After Schrcjter. the natural size. After Tulasne. the constituents of the hymenium; and stouter tubes usually non-septate, which are members or branches of the same hyphae as the delicate elements and run for the most part in the trama, but may also, as in Lycoperdon and Bovista, send branches transversely through
RMRDD1PT–. Comparative morphology and biology of the fungi, mycetozoa and bacteria . Plant morphology; Fungi; Myxomycetes; Bacteriology. CHAPTER III.—SPORES OF FUNGI. 93 Section XXV. In most Lichen-fungi with open hymenia the mechanism for the ejection of the spores is similar to that which has now been described, though it differs from it in particular points which appear to me to require further investigation. The structure of the hymenia is essentially the same as in the Discomycetes; there is, according to Tulasne, the same turgescence of the mature ascuii in both, and the same simultaneous ejectio
RMPG43C7–. Comparative morphology and biology of the fungi, mycetozoa and bacteria . Plant morphology; Fungi; Myxomycetes; Bacteriology. iia DIVISION I.—GENERAL MORPHOLOOr. A more noteworthy special case which recalls the formation of swarm-spores is that of the germination of the acrogenously formed spores (gonidia) of the plasmato- parous Peronosporeae (Peronospora densa, Rab. and P. pygmaea, Unger); here when a spore is placed in water the whole of the protoplasm suddenly swells and issues from the papilla-like tip of the spore which opens to admit its passage, and assumes the form of a spherical bo
RMRDD1YF–. Comparative morphology and biology of the fungi, mycetozoa and bacteria . Plant morphology; Fungi; Myxomycetes; Bacteriology. CHAPTER III.—SPORES OF FUNGI. 63 The acrogenous abjunction of the greater number of propagative cells is either simultaneous or successive. It is simultaneous when a number of shoots make their appearance at the same time at the apex of the basidium, grow with the same rapidity, and experience abjunction at the same time, either at their point of insertion or beneath their apex which is borne by the stalk (sterigma). The protoplasm of the basidium is used up in the pr
RMPG4B7G–. Comparative morphology and biology of the fungi, mycetozoa and bacteria . Plant morphology; Fungi; Myxomycetes; Bacteriology. CHAPTER V.— COMPARATIVE REVIEW.—VSTILAGINEAE. ^15 abjunction; all the sporogenous hyphae divide, according to Winter, by transverse walls arising from the extremities of their curved terminal branches in basipetal succession into short members, which develope into spores united together in pairs. The development of the spores of TTstilago may be briefly desciibed in about the same words, only in this case the ripe spore-cells are. not united in couples, but are isolat
![. A manual of bacteriology. Bacteriology. EXAMINATION OF BACTERIA WITH THE MICROSCOPE. 27 should be employed, but none of these appear exact, and one soon acquires by practice an idea as to how long the manip- ulation should take. Indeed, this varies with the character of the preparation. The heat of the flame serves to dry the bacteria upon the cover-glass and make them adhere per- manently in position. It also aids in the penetration of the staining dyes; but it is not sufficient, when applied" in this mahner, to kill all kinds of bacteria, especially those containing spores. After it h Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/RE1DCA/a-manual-of-bacteriology-bacteriology-examination-of-bacteria-with-the-microscope-27-should-be-employed-but-none-of-these-appear-exact-and-one-soon-acquires-by-practice-an-idea-as-to-how-long-the-manip-ulation-should-take-indeed-this-varies-with-the-character-of-the-preparation-the-heat-of-the-flame-serves-to-dry-the-bacteria-upon-the-cover-glass-and-make-them-adhere-per-manently-in-position-it-also-aids-in-the-penetration-of-the-staining-dyes-but-it-is-not-sufficient-when-appliedquot-in-this-mahner-to-kill-all-kinds-of-bacteria-especially-those-containing-spores-after-it-h-RE1DCA.jpg ". A manual of bacteriology. Bacteriology. EXAMINATION OF BACTERIA WITH THE MICROSCOPE. 27 should be employed, but none of these appear exact, and one soon acquires by practice an idea as to how long the manip- ulation should take. Indeed, this varies with the character of the preparation. The heat of the flame serves to dry the bacteria upon the cover-glass and make them adhere per- manently in position. It also aids in the penetration of the staining dyes; but it is not sufficient, when applied" in this mahner, to kill all kinds of bacteria, especially those containing spores. After it h Stock Photo")
RMRE1DCA–. A manual of bacteriology. Bacteriology. EXAMINATION OF BACTERIA WITH THE MICROSCOPE. 27 should be employed, but none of these appear exact, and one soon acquires by practice an idea as to how long the manip- ulation should take. Indeed, this varies with the character of the preparation. The heat of the flame serves to dry the bacteria upon the cover-glass and make them adhere per- manently in position. It also aids in the penetration of the staining dyes; but it is not sufficient, when applied" in this mahner, to kill all kinds of bacteria, especially those containing spores. After it h
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