RM2CEYFAR–. Die Forstinsekten Mitteleuropas; ein Lehr- und Handbuch. meistens nur in der Form einfacher, einen schimmel-artigen Flaum bildender Fruchth3phen auf,^) kann aber zuweilen isaria-ähnliche Stromata bilden. Die aus dem Innern von infolge des Befalls ver-endeten Raupen herorbrechenden Fruchthyphen sind aufrecht, unverzweigtoder seltener gabelig mit kurzen Ästen, farblos und durch Scheidewände inlange Zellen geteilt (Fig. 206, A). Sie treiben einzelne oder gegenständige,einzellige Zweige, welche nun entweder selbst an ihren zugespitzten Enden,oder an denen der von ihnen entspringenden Zellen zwe
RMPG3XJH–. Comparative morphology and biology of the fungi, mycetozoa and bacteria . Plant morphology; Fungi; Myxomycetes; Bacteriology. Fig. 108. Ciavueps purpurea^ TuL A sderotium wbich has given rise to seven stromata. Supper portion of a stroma in median longitudinal section; cp perithecia. C highly magnified perithedum divided through the middle with the surrounding parts; cp orifice, sk cortical tissue, ky inner tissue of the stroma. D ascus isolated; sfi ascospores issuing. After Tulasne from Sachs" Lehrbuch. A natural size. B slighdy, C and D highly magnified. Fig. 109. Ciavicepi purpurea,
RMT0TDMR–Dr L Rabenhorst's Kryptogamen-Flora von Dr. L. Rabenhorst's Kryptogamen-Flora von Deutschland, Oesterreich und der Schweiz drlrabenhorstskr16rabe Year: 1901 564 Cijtospora Cytospora niicrospora (Corda) Eabenh. a. Der Pilz in natürlicher Grösse. h. u. c. Zwei Stromata von oben gesehen, schwach vergrössert. d. Senkrechter Durchschnitt eines Stroma, stark vergrössert. e. Sporen träger und Sporen, sehr stark vergrössert. Nach Corda, Icon. IH. t. IV. fig. 69. Cytospora niphostoma Sacc. a. Der Pilz in natürlicher Grösse. h. Ein Stroma von oben gesehen, schwach vergrössert. c. Senkrechter Durchs
RMMCTJHA–. B T^innnnnrr'^^^'*'''''''' '''^'^'^'nriitinmnhiinnnr ta^nrtinnnnr,n Fig. 198. Parmularia S/j/raci's Löveill. A Habitus, nat, Gr., und einige Stromata vergr.; B Querschnitt durch eiu Stroma; C Sporen. (Original.) 6. Hysterostomella Speg. Fruchtkörper in einem unregelmäßig rundlichen, flachen Stroma dicht und unregelmäßig verteilt, mit Längsriss aufspringend, von unregelmäßiger Gestalt. Schläuche eiförmig oder fast rund, Ssporig. Sporen eiförmig, Szellig, rußbraun. Paraphysen O. Wenig bekannte Gattung, zu der Spegazzini 3 Arten stellt. H. guaranitica Speg. an lebenden Eupliorbia-B. in Brasilie
RMREF5GH–. Comparative morphology of Fungi. Fungi. 616 COMPARATIVE MORPHOLOGY OF FUNGI In another direction Hdhnel (1923) attempts in a posthumous work to rearrange the entire system. He divides the Fungi Imperfecti into three groups: the Hyphomycetes, which correspond to Saccardo's group of the same name; the Synnematomycetes, which in the main include the Coremiales of Potebnia; and the Histiomycetes, to which belong collec- tively the forms with plectenchymatous stromata or fructifications (Acervulales, Pseudopycnidiales and Pycnidiales of Potebnia). The gigantic group of Histiomycetes he divides ag
RMPG4BFJ–. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. Fig. 130.—Sections of Maple leaves showing the upper epidermis ruptured by 1, RKytisma acerinwm; 2, Rhytisma 2mnctatum. Fig. 131.—Rhytisma symvietricum Miill. Two leaves of Salix purpurea vrith stromata. A, The upper side. B, The lower side. C, Longitudinal section through the same leaf, showing numerous apothecia on the upper side, fewer on the lower ; the shaded middle part represents leaf-tissue, the remainder is
RMT0TXPE–Dr L Rabenhorst's Kryptogamen-Flora von Dr. L. Rabenhorst's Kryptogamen-Flora von Deutschland, Oesterreich und der Schweiz drlrabenhorstskr0109rabe Year: 1910 812 2213a. Isaria iimbrina Pers. Syn. p. 689 flSOl). — Sacc. Syll. IV, 59U. — Ferraris in Ann. niyc. VII. 279 ic. Syu. Die unter 1279 bei den Synonymen angeführten Kamen außer Trichosporium umbriuum. Koremien sehr kurz stielförmig, fast dichotom verzweigt, braun, 1,5—2,5 mm hocli, am Rande der Stromata des Hypoxylons fast im Kreise stehend. Aste geteilt, gestrichelt, an der Spitze Isaria umbrina Pers. Habitus, seliwach und stärker v
RMME6C55–. Die Natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien nebst ihren Gattungen und wichtigeren Arten, insbesondere den Nutzpflanzen, unter Mitwirkung zahlreicher hervorragender Fachgelehrten begründet . Fig. 190. Ä—B Placosphaeria Campanulae (DC.) Bäuinl. A Blatt von Cam- panula Trachelium mit dem Pilz in nat. Gr. B Querschnitt durcli ein Stroma, stärker vergr. C—E Lamyella sphaerocephala (Schwein.) Fries. C Stromata, wenig vergr. D Mündungen der Pykniden 50/1. i.' Sporen- träger und Sporen 020/1. -f Torsellia Sacculus (Schwein.) Fries. Stromata, schwach vergr. G Ccuthospora CattUyae Delacr. Pyknide im Querschnitt,
RMRM6XPG–. Annual report of the Agricultural Experiment Station. Cornell University. Agricultural Experiment Station; Agriculture -- New York (State). 32 Bulletin 125. The various cultures and innoculations detailed in the preceding paragraphs were made in the hope that it would be possible, finally, to trace in artificial cultures the exact relation and connection existing between the Tubercularia^ and the perithecial forms of Nedria and Pleonedria. It may be said, how- ever, that at the time of the present waiting, after a lapse in some cases of many months, nothing but the stromata of TuberciUaria h
RMPG4GBB–. The fungi which cause plant disease . Plant diseases; Fungi. 204 THE FUNGI WHICH CAUSE PLANT DISEASE Germ tubes from ascospores or conidia enter the cortex and develop a rich mycelimn in the sieve tubes and soft host. This advances most rapidly during the dormant period of the bast. White or yellow stromata the size of a pin- head appear and bear numerous conidia. Later come the red perithecia whose ascospores ripen in winter or spring. N. ribis (Tode) Rab. Fig. 144.—n. ipo- Cespitose, Stroma compact; perithecia sub- of perithecia. globose, smooth; ostiole papillate; asci subclavate, After H
RMMAAH9D–. Dr. L. Rabenhorst's Kryptogamen-Flora von Deutschland, Oesterreich und der Schweiz . Cytospora Terebinthi Bresadola. a. Der Pilz in natürlicher Grösse. h. Senkrechter Durchschnitt zweier Stromata, schwach vergrössert. c. Sporenträger, stark vcrgriissert. d. Sporen, sehr stark vergrössert. Nach Bresadola, Fungi Tridentini. IL t. U9. Cytospora Salicis (Corda) Eabenh. o. Der Pilz in natürlicher Grösse. h Ein Stroma von der Seite und c. von oben gesehen, schwach vergr. d. Senkrechter Durchschnitt eines Stroma, stark vergrössert. e. Ein horizontal durchschnittenes, vergrössertes Stroma. f. Sporen
RMREF7N2–. Comparative morphology of Fungi. Fungi. 304 COMPARATIVE MORPHOLOGY OF FUNGI 1912, 1914; Theissen and Sydow, 1917; Hoehnel, 1917, 1918; Arnaud, 1918; Doidge, 1920). It is difficult to describe briefly the characters of the Microthyriaceae, as all their forms merge into each other and into related families. In any case, they are usually superficial ectoparasites. The ascus stromata are provided with radial covers. In the Microthyrieae there is no aerial mycelium at maturity; in the Asterineae, the mycelium is persistent, dark colored, squarrose, asterinoid, often like the sooty moulds, aerial
RMPG15NB–. Chestnut blight. Chestnut blight; Chestnut. Bui. 380, U. S. Depi, of Agriculture. Plate XVI.. ENDOTHIA PARASITICA AND E. FLUENS. VERTICAL SECTIONS OF STROMATA. X 20. Fig. 1.—E. parasitica. Showing Perithecia Arranged in Several Irregular Layers. Fig. 2.—E. parasitica, Showing Perithecia Arranged in a Single Layer. Fig. 3.—E. fluens, from Italy, Showing Perithecia Arranged in Several Layers.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble th
RMMCK6RK–. oo OG K- Fig. 109.—Fa/«a oxystoma on Alnus viridls. A, Portion of branch with stroma of Vaha breaking through the periderm at four places. B, Enlarged section through a stroma from A. C, Asci and ascospores, isolated from a perithecium. D, Portion of younger branch with periderm ruptured by stromata, in which, however, the perithecia are not yet developed. E, Enlarged section through a stroma of D. (After v. Tubeuf.) with the exterior by means of long projecting necks. The asci contain eight unicellular spores of a slightly bent, rod- like shape. Maturity is reached on the dry dead twigs. Ex
RMREERGY–. Comparative morphology of Fungi. Fungi. 260 COMPARATIVE MORPHOLOGY OF FUNGI While the Chaetomieae in Chaetomidium probably show the root of the family, the Sordarieae (Griffiths, 1901; Griffiths and Seaver, 1910) in Sporormiella and in some species of Sordaria (subgenus Hypocopra) in which the perithecia (as in the higher Melanospora species of the Hypocreales) are embedded in the stromata and extend in the direction of the stromatic Pyrenomycetes. The Sordarieae also are richer in. Fig. 174.—Philocopra coeruleotecta. Development of ascospores. 1. Young ascus with primary nucleus. 2. Elongat
RMPG15WA–. Chestnut blight. Chestnut blight; Chestnut. UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE BULLETIN No. 380 Contribatlon tiom the Bureau of Plant Indnatiy WM. A. XAYLOB, Chief Washington. D. C. feOFESSIONAL PAPER January 15,1917 ENDOTHIA PARASITICA AND RELATED SPECIES By C. L. SHEAR, Pathologist, and NEIL E. STEVENS, Pathol- ogist, Fruit-Disease Investigations, and RUBY J. TILLER, Scientific Assistant, Office of Investigations in Forest Pathology â CONTENTS Page Taxonomy 1 Introduction 1 The Genus Endothia 3 The Spedes of Endsthia 13 Morphology and Development .... 22 Mycelium 22 Stromata ⢠. . 23
RMMCK5GM–. o o^*^ ly Fio. Ujy.— Valm oj-i/itomu on Atnus tiiulis. A, I'ortion ol liniiu-li witli stroiiui of Vatsa breaking tbinrngh the periderm at four places. W, Knbirgod section through :i stroma from A. C, And and aHcospores, isoLited from a i>eritliucium. D, I'ortion of younger liranch witli periderm ruptured Jiy stromata, in wliicli, however, the jieritlieeia are not yet developed. £, Enlarged section through a stroma of J). (After v. Tulieuf.) with the exterior liy means of long projecting necks. Tht- asci contain eigiit unicellular spores of u slightly bent, md like shajtc. Maturity is reac
RMREF80R–. Comparative morphology of Fungi. Fungi. 244 COMPARATIVE MORPHOLOGY OF FUNGI tened (Fig. 160); its upper side is covered by a solid rind while the lower only form the perithecia. In this form, the Hypocreales have a type of fructification which one would, without study, consider polyporaceous. In Ascopolyporus, the imperfect forms are Fusaria, while in Mycomalus they are reminiscent of Ustilaginoidea. The second series of the Scolecosporeae, Epichloe-Claviceps, is epi- phytic or parasitic on Gramineae. Epichloe possesses flat undifferentiated stromata which correspond to the lower species of
RMPG4G8G–. The fungi which cause plant disease . Plant diseases; Fungi. Fio. 155.âP. morbosa. b. magnified section of a knot showing the penthecia; c, conidiophores and conidia; d. section of a peri- thecmm showing numerous asci, one of which is shown more highly magnified at «,â /several of the two-celled ascospores germinating m water. After Longyear. P. morbosa (Schw.) Sacc.'^="i^"' =â¢>« Stromata elongate, cushion-shaped, rarely tubercular, up to 2 or. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - colorati
RMMAAH9G–. Dr. L. Rabenhorst's Kryptogamen-Flora von Deutschland, Oesterreich und der Schweiz . Cytospora niicrospora (Corda) Eabenh. a. Der Pilz in natürlicher Grösse. h. u. c. Zwei Stromata von oben gesehen, schwach vergrössert. d. Senkrechter Durchschnitt eines Stroma, stark vergrössert. e. Sporen träger und Sporen, sehr stark vergrössert. Nach Corda, Icon. IH. t. IV. fig. 69. Cytospora niphostoma Sacc. a. Der Pilz in natürlicher Grösse. h. Ein Stroma von oben gesehen, schwach vergrössert. c. Senkrechter Durchschnitt eines Stroma mit den Kammern. d. Sporenträger, stark vergrössert. e. Sporen, noch s
RMRM8MY5–. Annual report of the Commissioner of Agriculture ... Agriculture -- New York (State). 32 Bulletin 125. The various cultures and innoculations detailed in the preceding paragraphs were made in the hope that it would be possible, finally, to trace in artificial cultures the exact relation and connection existing between the Tubcradaria, and theperithecial forms of Ncdria and Plconectria. It may be said, how- ever, that at the time of the present writing, after a lapse in some cases of many months, nothing but the stromata of Tubercularia has appeared in the cultures. In exjjlanation one might
RMPG4G99–. The fungi which cause plant disease . Plant diseases; Fungi. THE FUNGI WHICH CAUSE PLANT DISEASE 217 Spores hyaline Spores 1-celled 16. Scirrhiella. Spores 2-celled 17. Scirrhia. Spores 4 to 8-celled, fusiform. .. 18. Monographus. Spores colored, multicellular, fusi- form 19. Rhopographus. Stromata sunken, permanently united to the epidermis and substratum Spores 1-celled 20. Phyllachora, p. 220. Spores 2-celled Spores of similar cells 21. Dothidella, p. 221. Spores of dissimilar cells 22. MunMella. Stromata from the first superficial Stromata encrusted, widely spreading... 23. Hyalodothis.
RMRDJF35–. Fungous diseases of plants : with chapters on physiology, culture methods and technique . Fungi in agriculture. 284 FUNGOUS DISEASES OF PLANTS The fungus. The mycelium penetrates the bark and later the wood beneath to a considerable extent. The course of the fungus through the bark and wood is very largely through the paren- chymatous and medullary cells. From these, however, it infests neighboring tissues, especially the xylem vessels. The stromata and fruit bodies are developed from the latter part of the summer into the autumn and winter. From the upper surface of the stroma a mat of coni
RMPG15W7–. Chestnut blight. Chestnut blight; Chestnut. Bui. 380, U. S. Dept. of Agriculture. Plate II.. -â â cj; *â '^ â ."'^ â jt-i^ ;â â '-.rt--J-- HERB. MUS. PARIS- 77 wi-. /z' / / // - { Ex. herb. All. Bronf;nia)t. Anno 1«43 ). Fig. 1.âPerithecia and Pycnidial Stromata of Endothia parasitica with Cankers ON Castanea dentata. Fig. 2.âCotype of Sphaeria gyrosa Schw. on Fagus. Spr^cimcn now in the Piiris Musenm sent to Bronffniart liy Schwoinitz, showing Tulasno's label "Mclograiiitiia fii/ntf^uia" and Schweinil/.'s antograph labol.. Please note that these images are extracted from s
RMMCR795–. (B. 757.) Fig. 149. Cordyccps niiUtaris (Linne). Die Keulensphärie der Schmetterlinge. II Eine durch den Pilz getödtete Raupe mit mehreren aus ihr hervorgewachsenen .Stromata von der Form gestielter Keulen. Die Schlauchfrüchtchen sitzen in dem oberen Theile der Keule und sind durch die Punkte derselben kenntlich. I Eine durch den Pilz abgetödte Raupe mit der in Form von Conidienbündeln entwickel- ten Conidienfructification (früher Isaria fari- nosa genannt). III Eine einzelne vielzellige Schlauchspore. Alles nach Tulasne. I und II in natürl. Grösse. III ca. 300 fach. stattlichen, bis 6 Centi
RMREF81D–. Comparative morphology of Fungi. Fungi. 242 COMPARATIVE MORPHOLOGY OF FUNGI forms lumps 2 to 3 cm. in diameter, in whose periphery are embedded the perithecia (Hennings, 1901). The second group of the Hypocreales, that of the Didymosporae- Phragmosporae-Dictyosporae, shows morphologically the same funda- mental characters as the first group, the Amerosporae. It begins with simple forms without stromata and develops gradually to a continually more differentiated stromatic type which reaches a height of development in each of three spore series corresponding to that of the lower Polyporales of
RMMCTJB9–. Fig. 24.5. A—E Epichloe typhina (Pers.) Tul. A Habitus au Grashalmen, nat. Gr.; B ein Stroma im Längsschnitt, vergr.; C Schlauch (200|l); D Schlauchspore (200/1); E keimende Schlauchsporen (200|1). — F Hypocrella abnormis P. Henn. Habitus. — Ö—K Dussiella tuberiformis (Berk. et Rav.) Pat. e Habitus, nat. Gr.; if Conidien tragendes Stroma im Querschnitt, vergr.; J Stück des C'onidienlagers, stark vergr.; K Conidien, stark vergr. — L—0 Oomijces carneo-albus (Lih.) Berk. et Br. L Stromata, vergr.; if Mündungen der Fruchtkörper am Stromaseheitel, vergr.; JV Schlauch, stark vergr.; 0 Spore, stark
RMRM8MXN–. Annual report of the Commissioner of Agriculture ... Agriculture -- New York (State). A BlSEASE OF SURRANT @ANKS. 33 were present, from the bases and sides of which the perithecia wore pro- jecting. All gradations could be seen, from the simple tubercles covered with conidia, through those bearing one or several perithecia, to those en- tirely covered by clusters. Conidia were present on all of these stromata. A microscopical examination showed, as was suspected, that the fungus in question was none other than Neclria cinnabarina ( Tode) Fr. If a peri- thecium be split longitudinally an appe
RMMCTJ7N–. Fig. 2S0. A—E Melunconis stilbostoma (Fr.) Tul. A Habitus, im oberen Teil das Periderin abgelöst (ca. 20(1); B Stroma im Läiigssclinitt (ca. 20jl); C Schlauch (350|1); D Stück eines Conidieiilagers (38ü|l); E Conidienträger (350|l). — F—J Pstudovalsa Betulae (Schum.) Schrot, i'Habitus des Pilzes, vergr.; 6 ein Stroma im Längs- schnitt, vergr.; U Schlauch (380|1); J Stück des Couidienlagers, stark vergr. — KP. irrerjularis (DC.) Schrot., Stromata mit Conidienlagern nnd Schlauchfrüchten im Längsschnitt, vergr. — L Titania Berkeleyi BeT., Schlauch, stark vergr. (.1, B, D, F—KivMh Tulasne; C, E
RMREF821–. Comparative morphology of Fungi. Fungi. HYPOCREALES 241 its name (Fig. 156, 3). When conidial formation is exhausted, the small, dark red perithecia, about 1 mm. high, with a conical ostiole arise beneath the drop of slime that crowns the typical fructification. This genus connects directly with the stromatic Nectriaceae; it has in common with them the development of a succession of conidia and perithecia on the same stroma, and differs from them only in the more highly differentiated structure of its stromata. Towards a third direction has developed the Mycocitrus-Shiraia group, of which we
RMMCTJ6P–. Fig. 2S(). A äypoxijlon cocchttum Bull., Stromata im Längsscliuitt, rechts ein solches mit Conidienlager (11|1). — B H. fnscum (Pers.) Fr., Stücli eines Couidieulagers (380/1). — C U. nduin (Pers.) Fr., Habitus. — D Daldinia con- centrica (Bolt.) Ces. et de Not., Habitus und ein Fruchtkörper im Längsschnitt. — E—G Camülta Leprieurii Mont. E Stromata des Pilzen, nat. Gr.; /'Längsschnitt durch ein Stroma, vergr.; G Schlauch, stark vergr. — i? Kretzsch- maria PechueUi V.Henn., Hahitus und einige l'ruchtkörper, vergr.. c Conidien. {A, B nach Tulasne; E—Q nach Patouillard; C, ß, H. Original.)
RMREERC7–. Comparative morphology of Fungi. Fungi. «*Sitt$x mmmlr. Fig. are directly connected to the Diatry- paceae and Diaporthaceae. They form round, discoid, generally amorphous, crustose black stromata, as N. Bulliardi on beech branches. Their mycelia in cultures have branched, fibrous conidiophores with heads of colorless spores. In the interior of the young hypophloedal stroma, there arises in a simple cavity, a flat conidial hymenium which cuts off similar conidia. The outer layer of the stroma covering it is pushed off with the periderm of the twig, so that at maturity the stromata of the peri
RMMCR784–. (B, 7G0.) l''g- '52. Xylaria Hypoxylon L. I Fragment] eines Baumstumpfes mit den hirschgeweih-artig verzweigten F'ruchtlagern </, welche in dem oberen helleren Theile die Conidien tragen; bei /' sieht man die die Schlauchfruchte tragenden, keuligen Stromata. Die Schlauchfrüchte sitzen in dem warzigen Theile der Lager. II Querschnitt durch eine Stroma mit Perithecien, ca. 4 fach. III Schlauch mit seinen 8 Sporen. IV Conidienträger und Conidien von der Region a, stark vergr. I III und IV nach Tui.asne. (Fig. 34, I—IV //) und später von den Schlauchfrüchten abgelöst werden. Die- selben sind
RMREF5FW–. Comparative morphology of Fungi. Fungi. FUNGI IMPERFECT I 617 or its user. In this sense, it appears that Saccardo's system, as expanded by Lindau (1900, 1907-1910), by Allescher (1901-1903) and by Die- dicke (1915), serves all practical purposes. In Saccardo's system, the Hyphomycetes are classified in four sub- groups : in the Mucedineae and Dematieae the hyphae and conidiophores are always solitary, in the first, hyaline or brightly colored, in the latter, brown or black; in the Stilbeae the hyphae are united into coremia, and in the Tubercularieae to pulvinate stromata. Each of these sub
RMMCTJBH–. Fig. 24:3. A—D Hijpocrea rufa (Pers.) Fries. A Stromata, natürl. Gr.; B ein Stroma im yiiHr>clinitt (20|1); CSchläuclie (i50/l);OConidientrri,ger (3S0/1). — EH. fungicola Karst. Habitus des Pil/.es auf einem Polpporus-Stü.c'k, nat. Gr. — F—H Podocrea ulutacea (Pers.) Sacc. F Habitus des Pilzes, nat. Gr.; G Längsschnitt durch ein Stroma (4/1); H Schläuche und Sporen (380/1). — J P. Cornu-damae (Pat.) Lindau. Habitus des Pilzes (1/2). (A, B, D—H nach Tuiasne; C nach Brefeld; J nach Patouillard; E Original.) 46. Hypocreopsis Karst. [Dozi/a Karst.) Slroma fleischig, ausgedehnt, lappig, ober-
RMRDTNE3–. Fungi, ascomycetes, ustilaginales, uredinales. Fungi. V] HYPOCREALES 145 merit of the sheath has begun, may correspond to the septation of the fertihzed oogonium in other forms. Further, the origin of the asci from a single cell points to the Erysiphales and Laboulbeniales, and in view of the longitudinal divisions, perhaps especially to the latter. In Nectria the usually red or yellow perithecia are produced in groups on stromata of the same colour; the asci contain eight ascospores which are two- celled, and often produce conidia by budding while still in the ascus. The genus is large, inc
RMMCTJCC–. Fig. 236. A—F Uypomyccs ochraceus (Pers.) Tul. A Stromata, nat. Gr.; B reife Fruclitkörper (20/1); C Scliläuche (3S0/1); D Sporen |380/1); E Conidienträger (ca. 130/1); /" Ohlamydosporen (ca. 20ü|l). — 0—J E. chry^ospermus (Bull.) Tul. 0 Fruchtkörper, vergr.; R Schläuche (380J1); J Chlamydosporen und C'onidien (3S0|1). — A' ü. viridis (Alb. et Schw.) Berk. et Br., Habitus des Pilzes auf Lactaria (3|l). — L ff. rosellus (Alb. et Schw.) Tul., Conidien- träger fca. 130|IJ. (A'Original; das übrige nach Tulasne.) werden. Der l'ilz ist von Deutschland bis England verbreitet und in Nordamerika
RMRDJF7G–. Fungous diseases of plants : with chapters on physiology, culture methods and technique . Fungi in agriculture. 242 FUNGOUS DISEASES OF PLANTS hyphae as yeast-like conidial cells. The cushion-like masses also produce conidia in quantity. Mayr described certain macroconidia borne upon small, white stromata preceding the usual cushions on the canes ; but Durand was unable to detect such spores.. FIG. IO3. PLEONECTRrA BEROLINENSIS: A CLUSTER OF PERITHECIA (Photograph by E. J. Durand) Control. It would seem that the most practical method of control consists in eradicating diseased vines as they
RMMCTJJ9–. Fig. ISS. Ã, D Päeudophacidium Calliinae Ka.rst. A Habitus, nat. Gr., und einige Fruclitkörper vergr.; B Sclilaucli mit Paraphyse. â CâE Dothiora sphaeroides (Pers.) Fries. C Habitus, nat. Gr., und einige Fruektkörper vergr.; D Schlauch, vergr.; E Sporen, stark vergr. â FâU Coccophacidivm Pini (Alb. et Schwein.) Eehm. i'Habitus, nat. Gr.; G Schlauch mit Paraphysen, stark vergr.; H Spore, stark vergr. (Alles nach Kehm.) â 1 Art, R. Hemitellae P. Henn. et Lindau, auf dem Farn Hemitelia samoensis auf Samoa (Fig. 189). Der Pilz bildet kleine, ganz flache, schwarze Stromata auf der Unterseite
RMRMMEK5–. Annals of applied biology. Biology, Economic; Biochemistry. VV. N. C. Bklorave 185 noticeable on wetting the bark. Dark red tendrils were extruded, spores as above, 5/x by 1 /x. (4) A piece of bark only. The stromata were large and pulverulent,. Fig. 2.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Association of Applied Biologists; Association of Economic Biologists. [Wellesbourne, Warwick, etc. ] Association of Appli
RMMCTJ67–. Fig. 2SS. à Xylüvia polymorpha (Pers.) Grev., eine Anzahl von verscliieden gestalteten Stromata, eins der Lauge nacli durchsclinitten. nat. Gr. â B, C X. corpophila (Pers.) Fr. B Stromata auf einer Buchecker, nat. Gr.; C ein Stroraa im Längsschnitt, vergr. â 1)â6 Poronia pimctata (L.) Fr, D Habitus, von der Seite und von oben; E ein Stroma im Längsschnitt; F conidientragende Hyphen (350|1); Q Schlauch (350)1). â RâK Xylobotryum andiman Pat. ff Habitus, vergr.: J ein Ast des Stromas im Längsschnitt, vergr,; A" Schlauch, stark vergr. (A Original; i;⣠nach Tulasn e; /â , G nach Br ef
RMRDJF71–. Fungous diseases of plants : with chapters on physiology, culture methods and technique . Fungi in agriculture. 246 FUNGOUS DISEASES OF PLANTS Germination really consists in absorption of water, increase in size of the sclerotial mass, and the pushing into growth, some- times from many different points on the sclerotium, of compact masses of hypha?, which develop into sporo- phores. These sporophores may be from one fourth to one inch in height, and they bear at the summit head-shaped stromata within which the perithecia are differentiated. A cross sec- tion of the head-shaped stroma is show
RMREF815–. Comparative morphology of Fungi. Fungi. HYPOCREALES 243 growth continues at the base, forming new perithecia in the new growth zones. Thus the fructifications may attain a cross section of several centimeters. The species of Hypocrella are also epiphytic or ectoparasitic on stems and leaves. The Brazilian H. cavernosa corresponds in the essentials of its form to Konradia bambusina. On Merostachys speciosa, it forms spherical stromata on which Fusarium conidia are cut off in depressions and labyrinthine cavities and later form perithecia. In the Brazilian H. verruculosa, on bamboo, the surfac
RMRDX16B–. Fungi, ascomycetes, ustilaginales, uredinales. Fungi. V] SPHAERIALKS 167 frequent lateral anastomoses occur and crj'stals of calcium oxalate, which have become separated from the substratum, are found among the filaments. Hyphae become massed together to form the stroma which in the cry young stages consists entirely of vegetative filaments densely inter-. Vig. 124. Xyidi/u Hypo.ylon ViX'^w, after Tulahiie. woven and rising vertical!)' from the surface of the substratum. As the - grow the stromata assume their characteristic shape, conidia appear and drojjs of pinkish or }-cllowisli fluid
RMREERBF–. Comparative morphology of Fungi. Fungi. SPHAERIALES 289 growth, while daylight or blue light are favorable to stromatal formation (Freeman, 1910; Bronsart, 1919). The growing tip of the stromata remains white for a long time and is covered with a strikingly regular hymenium of palisade-like conidiophores which, if unicellular, cut off ovoid conidia; if they are multicellular, how- ever, at any position they cut off fusiform conidia at their tips. In cultures similar conidia are cut off directly on the mycelium. In two American species, X. tentaculata and X. trachelina, the conidia do not ari
RMREF87K–. Comparative morphology of Fungi. Fungi. MYRIANGIALES 217 In B. mascarensis (Fig. 141, 4) they develop entirely above the surface of the stroma upon which they rest at maturity; hence these are true, sterile, basal stromata, as in Bagnisiopsis peribebuyensis. Along with this development, there has been a fundamental alteration in the course of the stromatal hyphae. While in the lower forms, as in B. inflata, they still run entirely irregularly, in the higher forms they have become increasingly vertical and finally run parallel from the base to the top of the stroma. In the highest stage, as i
RMREF847–. Comparative morphology of Fungi. Fungi. HYPOCREALES 235 differentiated to special, more or less developed conidiophores. Often they are embedded in slimy masses which are called pionotes. In Nectria oropensoides and N. Peziza, the conidia adhere to the conidio- phores in small slimy heads; in luxuriant cultures, the conidiophores unite to coremia surrounded by capitate spore masses (Fig. 150, K). Under certain cultural conditions, the conidiophores change to flat, pulvinate stromata, or sporodochia (Fig. 150, F); these suggest, morpholo- gically, horizontally broadened coremia and often cons
RMRGC6YK–. Bulletin of the U.S. Department of Agriculture. Agriculture; Agriculture. Bui. 380, U. S. Dept. of Agriculture. Plate XV.. ENDOTHIA PARASITICA. VERTICAL SECTIONS OF STROMATA. X 49. Fig. 1 .—Showing a Young, Simple Pycnidial Cavity at the Base. Fig. 2.—In Which Neither Pycnidia Nor Perithecia Have Begun to Develop. Fig. 3.—With Irregular Chambered Pycnidia. All the above are about the same age—four months after hioculation.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrati
RMRDC1RX–. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. VALSA. 225 where leaves of the alder are dried in summer for use as winter-fodder for goats. In the branches attacked, a mycelium is developed in the vessels of the wood, whereby the supply of water is stopped and the bark dries up. Black lens-shaped stromata arise under the epidermis of the twig and rupture it. The perithecia are produced under the stromata in the bark, and communicate. Fig. 109.— Valsa oxy&tom
RMREF5GW–. Comparative morphology of Fungi. Fungi. A B Fig. 404.—Pestalotia versicolor. A. Conidia on branched hypha. B. Young stromatic layer formed in a solution. (After Leiniger, 1911.) (1909) attempts to classify these fungi into five instead of three, groups: the Hyphales, in which the conidial hyphae are free; the Coremiales, in which they are united into coremia; the Acervulales, in which the conidia are borne on the upper surface of stromata; the Pseudopycnidiales, in which the conidia are borne in pseudopycnia, which either, as in the perithecia of the Plectascales, rupture irregularly or by n
RMRDFE0Y–. Chestnut blight. Chestnut blight; Chestnut. Endothia Canker of Chestnut S6i- are not typically curved is an additional reason why this stage should not be referred to Cytospora. The spore membrane is thin and smooth. The spores are filled with dense homogeneous protoplasm, and each spore contains a single smaU, elongated nucleus near the center. There is also a polar body in each end. Perithecia The mature stromata on older cankers have numerous projecting papilla on the surface (Plate XXXVIII, Fig. 2). The black speck at the tip of each papilla is the opening of a perithecium, the body of w
RMRT0GNN–. Bulletin. Natural history; Natural history. Fig. 2.—Dothiorella dieback on red oak. The brown to black, cankerous bark ot each branch contains numerous black, erumpent stromata of Dolhiorelta. X 2.. Fig. 3.—Wood discoloration of white oak associated with Dothiorella infection. Discoloration of the xylem tissue is characterized by fine to broad streaks that frequently coalesce and appear as solid regional discolorations. X 1^.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustr
RMRE3CKC–. A handbook of cryptogamic botany. Cryptogams. ASCOMYCETES 377 He will find there also more information on the development of the sporocarps (both discocarpous and pyrenocarpous) of the types. Fig. 311.—Claviccps purpurea. Tul. A, sclerote which has produced seven stromata.' 'B, upper portion of a stroma in longitudinal section, cp^ peritheces. C, longitudinal section of perithece. cp, ostiole : sh^ cortical tissue ; hy, inner tissue of stroma. Z", ascus isolated. sp, ascospores issuing. (^, natural size, B slightly, C and D highly magnified.) (After Tulasne.) quoted than it is possible
RMRE0P95–. Agricultural botany, theoretical and practical. Botany, Economic; Botany. 760 FUNGI such short segments that sections of it resemble a parenchymatous tissue of the higher plants. After being kept through winter and moistened, the ergot germinates and sends up several fleshy-pink stalks at the end of which are round heads or stromata {s, Fig. 257). Imbedded within the substance of the latter are a large number of flask-shaped perithecia (n, Fig. 257), the narrow ends of which have a small opening outwards. From the base of the interior of the perithecia long club-shaped asci arise in which ar
RMRDBBNJ–. Chestnut blight. Chestnut blight; Chestnut. Bui. 380, U. S. Depf. of Agriculturi Plate XV.. ENDOTHIA PARASITICA. VERTICAL SECTIONS OF STROMATA. X 49. Fig. 1 .—Showing a Young, Simple Pycnidial Cavity at the Base. Fig. 2.—In Which Neither Pycnidia Nor Perithecia Have Begun to Develop. Fig. 3.—With Irregular Chambered Pycnidia. All the above aie about the same age—four moulh.s after iuoculatiou.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble
RMRDBBPK–. Chestnut blight. Chestnut blight; Chestnut. ENDOTHIA GYROSA. VERTICAL SECTIONS OF STROMATA ON BEECH. X 32. FiQ. 1.—Showing Numerous Pycnidial Cavities andTwo Mature Perithecia. Fig. 2.—Showing Mature Pycnidia and Perithecia Side by Side. Except where otherwise indicate'l, the photomicrographs of strou]ata are from unytained sections cut with a freezing mlcrotouie. y. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. 1906-19
RMRDJF4X–. Fungous diseases of plants : with chapters on physiology, culture methods and technique . Fungi in agriculture. ASCOMYCETES 263 hibernation is supposed to be effected in some cases by means of the tuberculate stromata, which retain their vitality and serve as minute sclerotia, germinating the following spring. The asci average 40 /u, long, and the spores measure about 15 X 3-4 fi. Control. Healthy plants only should be set, and all spotted leaves should be pinched off. A thorough spraying with Bor- a b deaux mixture may be given FlG- "5- Mycosphmrella Fragar/^e, before the flowers arepp
RMREGGPB–. Dr. L. Rabenhorst's Kryptogamen-Flora von Deutschland, Oesterreich und der Schweiz. Cryptogams -- Germany; Cryptogams -- Austria; Cryptogams -- Switzerland. Äbies 532 Bahenhorstia XXT. Kabi'iiliorstia Fries, Summa veg. Scand. p. 410. Sacc, Syll. III. p. 243. Stromata hervorbrechend, abgestutzt-kugelig, innen zellig (mit Fruchtgehäusen oder Kammern), lederartig-kohlig, an der Spitze oft ringsherum aufgerissen und mit der Rinde verschwindend; Sporen eiförmig-länglich, einzellig, hyalin, gestielt. Dieser Gattung, welche dem sehr verdienstvollen, deutschen Kryptogamenforscher, Ludwig Eabenhorst,
RMRDC1T4–. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. 224 ASCOMYCETES. rupture of the epidermis. Numerous leaves may be diseased and each carry many cushions, yet Vuillemin, who described the disease,^ does not believe the host-plant is affected to any serious degree. M. (Gnom.) coryli Batsch. (Britain and U.S. America). The black stromata are found in withered spots on the leaves of hazel {Corylus); as a rule, each stroma carries only one peri- thecium with a long bea
RMRGWDDJ–. Bulletin. Natural history; Natural history. Fig. 11.— Cytospora canker and dieback on black oak. Only a few scattered, erumptnt stromata are present in the light to dark brown, sunken, diseased region. The border ot this region is made conspicuous by the contrast in color of the living and diseased bark and by the shrunken appearance of the diseased bark. X 1.. Fig. 13.—Culture of Cylospora on corn meal agar. The black stromata are embedded in white to greenish-white tutts ot hyphae. and they are exposed through the ruptured host tissues. The locules are irregularly arranged. The conidia are
RMRGWCXP–. Bulletin. Natural history; Natural history. Fig. 42.âDieback of pin oak with Rhodosticta fruiting in the diseased tissue. The central region of the shrunken and smooth diseased bark is pale yellow but it blends into a light brown and then into a dark brown at the border. The scattered, ovoid to irregular, red stromata are present in the discolored, diseased tissue. X 2. diameter, had become infected through the stub of a lateral. The color of the diseased bark in the central region is white to pale yellow, blending into a light brown and then into a dark brown toward the margin. A raised reg
RMREF84F–. Comparative morphology of Fungi. Fungi. 234 COMPARATIVE MORPHOLOGY OF FUNGI Gemmae and conidia are known as imperfect forms. The gemmae are mostly hyaline or brownish and occasionally verrucose; they develop (especially in drying cultures) on hyphae, singly or catenulately, and. Fig. 150.—Nectria cinnabarina. A. Conidial stromata (shown light) perithecial stromata (dark) erumpent from bark of host, B. Section through a stroma which is still cutting off conidia at the top while it has formed perithecia on the sides. C. Ascus. D. Hypha with microconidia. Nectria ditissima. E. Perithecial layer
RMRDTND4–. Fungi, ascomycetes, ustilaginales, uredinales. Fungi. Fig. I ro. a. Cordyiips niililayis {,. Linl< ; /'. Cordycps opJiiL'i^Iossoides [^.)JrV after Tulasnc. Tlie mature sclerotium is a compact mass of interwoven h 'phac hose cells are rich in glycogen and oily matter. During its development the in- ternal organs of the host are completely destro)-ed and replaced b- the m-celium, the skin alone remaining intact. From this mummified structure one or more stromata arise, emerging between two segments of the skin, usual!)' near the head. The stroma is dift'erentiated into an e
RMRGC76J–. Bulletin of the U.S. Department of Agriculture. Agriculture; Agriculture. -SP^::. '^//yj' Z-r^:£. %^^^ HERB. MUS. PARIS. { Ex. lierb. Ad. Bronguiait. Anno 1843 ). '^^ Fig. 1.—Perithecia and Pycnidial Stromata of Endothia parasitica with Cankers ON Castanea dentata. Fig. 2.—Cotype of Sphaeria gyrosa Schw. on Fagus. Specimen now in the Paris Mnseum sent to Brongniart by Schweinitz, showing Tulasne's label "Melogramma gyrosum" and Schweinitz's autograph label.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability -
RMRDC1PJ–. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. Fio. 112.—Section of stroma of j4^/aospora. a, Boundary of stroma formed of dark brown fungus - m ycelium; b, sclerenchyma-strand of the cortex ; c, conidial cushion ; d, union of necks of two perithecia. (After Hartig.). Fig. 113.—a, Conidia; b, asco- spore of Aglaospoi-u taleola ( X ^). (After Hartig.) superficially abjointed from the stromata; while embedded in it are groups of perithecia with necks which join to
RMRHG7G9–. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Biology; Marine Biology. 236 PARRINELLO ET AL.. ^^^^# Figure 4. Tunic wound induced by ascidian oocyte injection, (a): Oocyte debris inside the wound, 850X; (b): granulocytes on the edge of the wound, 850X. g = granulocyte; tm = tunic matrix; tw = tunic wound; arrow indicates granules. type of chronic inflammation. The results also suggest that encapsulation is not only elicited by particulate invaders of large size but soluble proteins can also induce capsules while large amounts of colloidal carbon or stromata fail to produce strong reactions. The
RMRGC73W–. Bulletin of the U.S. Department of Agriculture. Agriculture; Agriculture. *t!^i t ^^ '-^"â ^.^". '40**^ ENDOTHIA GYROSA. VERTICAL SECTIONS OF STROMATA ON BEECH. X 32. FiQ. 1.âShowing Numerous Pycnidial Cavities andTwo Mature Perithecia. Fig. 2.âShowing Mature Pycnidia and Perithecia Side by Side. Except where otherwise indicated, t)ie photomicrographs of stromata are from unstained sections cut with a freezing microtome.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these il
RMREF826–. Comparative morphology of Fungi. Fungi. 240 COMPARATIVE MORPHOLOGY OF FUNGI Somewhat higher stands the Brazilian, H. pezizoidea forming cup- shaped pezizoid fructifications in whose interior are embedded the perthecia. Higher still is H. poronioidea in which the stromata, as in the agarics, are differentiated into a stipe and pileus and on whose upper surface are embedded the perithecia. Highest of all are Podostroma alutacea and P. comu-damae. P. alutacea grows through the whole north temperate zone, forming a vertical clavate fructification (up to 3 cm. high), which divides into a sterile
RMRGWCKD–. Bulletin. Natural history; Natural history. Fig. 1.—Cross sectional view in the mesophyll in the region of a lesion, showing how the mycelium of the causal fungus grows within the mesophyll cells and brings partial disintegration of these cells.. Fig 2 —Fragments of infected needles after overwintering. Stromata appear in various stages f development. Not until the ectostroma is fully developed, as on the needle at the bottom of „. „^.elop...- , . • 1 J J the illustration, do locules form and spores begin to be produced. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images th
RMRDJ67H–. Fungous diseases of plants : with chapters on physiology, culture methods and technique . Fungi in agriculture. Fig. 165. Cylindrosporium Pom. (Photographs by Charles Brooks) a, spot induced by inoculation of apple; b, mycelium in agar breaks through it to expose spores and sporophores. The spores are hyaline, from one to five celled, and variously curved and con- torted. They are from 2 to 2.5 fi in diameter and from 15 to 80/a long. The chlamydospores and stromata are probably the agencies that carry the fungus over the winter. Under ordinary conditions of preparing separation cultures thi
RMRGWD9H–. Bulletin. Natural history; Natural history. Fig. 20.—Perithecia ot Dialrype. . vertical section ot stromatic tissue which shows the arrangement ot perithecia. X 75.. Fig. 21.—.Asci and ascospores ot Dialrype, .ich hyaline and clavate ascus contains S In aline, botulitorm, 1-celled ascospores. X 320. Miiiken region on the branch. The canker iv conspicuous because of the contrast be- tween the healthy and the diseased tissues, and it is surrounded by a callus. Dieback deelops when the branches are completely L'irdled by cankers. The stromata of Diiitrype deelop sub- t-pidermally, and they
RMREF7N8–. Comparative morphology of Fungi. Fungi. Fig. 201.—Asterinella Puiggarii. 1. Section of recently opened fructification. 2. Part of mycelium, showing young and mature fructifications. (1 X 250; 2 X 34; aftir Arnaud, 1918.) seen. As a substitute for this, the stromata of Cycloschizon put out from time to time peculiar sinkers which penetrate the interior of the leaf through stomata, serving to anchor and to nourish the stromata (Fig. 200, 3 right). In contrast to Hysterostomella, only one loculus, instead of several, is present in the fructification. While in Fig. 199 one must imagine, to right
RMREF86X–. Comparative morphology of Fungi. Fungi. Fig. 141.—Development of stroma in Botryosphaeria. 1. B. inflata. 2, 3. B. Viburni. 4. B. mascarensis. 5. B. Bakeriana. (After Theissen, 1916.) B. Quercuum (Melanops Quercuum) forms its brown stromata on oak bark between the periderm and the bark parenchyma beneath and pushes out the periderm which it ruptures with radial splits, so that the perider- mal lobes remain like steep walls. Meanwhile it has grown higher, but seldom to such a degree that it projects over the peridermal lobes. As in Myriangium, there develop columnar outgrowths which broaden s
RMRG8Y06–. [Bulletins on forest pathology : from Bulletin U.S.D.A., Washington, D.C., 1913-1925]. Trees; Plant diseases. ENDOTHIA GYROSA. VERTICAL SECTIONS OF STROMATA ON BEECH. X 32. Fig. 1.—Showing Numerous Pycnidial Cavities andTwo Mature Perithecia. Fig. 2.—Showing Mature Pycnidia and Perithecia Side by Side. Except where otherwise indicated, the photomicrographs of stromata are from unstained sections cut with a freezing microtome.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustr
RMRH9T11–. Botanische Untersuchungen ber einige in Java vorkommende Pilze, besonders ber Bltter bewohnende, parasitisch auftretende Arten. Fungi -- Indonesia Java; Phytopathogenic fungi -- Indonesia Java. !40 BOTANISCHE UNTERSUCHUNGEN, U.S.W. II. Stilbaceae — Pliaeost ilbeae — Plira giuo sporeae. Liudauomyces Kooud. iiov. gen. — Stromata stipitato-capitata ex bypliis coinpactis composita, rigida, erecta, fiisca. Stipes para- plectenchvmaticus tenax, sursum in capitulum globosum conidio- pliorum productiis. Conidia in liyphis fasciculatis, snbbrevibus, fnHgineis, filiformibus, in capi- tulo periphericis
RMRDC25Y–. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. NECTRIA. 185 Nectria. Perithecia yellow or red in colour, and generally produced in close tufts on stromata of the same colour. The asci con- tain eight bicellular spores and few or no paraphyses. Conidia â of various kinds and shapes are also produced. Nectrina cinnabarina Fr.^ (Britain and U.S. America). The -bright-red, button-shaped conidial cushions of this fungus may. Please note that these images are extracte
RMRGWDAC–. Bulletin. Natural history; Natural history. T^-. Fig. 18.—Diatrype canker and dieback on red oak. The diseased tissue is light to dark reddish brown and sunken. The border of the diseased region is raised where Hving and dead tissues meet. The stromata are irregular, black, erumpent, roughened and fissured. X Y2. Fig. 19.—Diatrype canker on red oak. Por- tion of an old canker which shows a large, fissured, mature stroma that has almost cov- ered the whole cankered region. X j4.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for rea
RMRDC1PR–. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. Fig. 111.—Aglaospora taleola. Portion of cortex with embedded stromata. a. Corky layer; b, after removal of corky layer; c, section of stroma. ( X y.) (After Hartig.). Fio. 112.—Section of stroma of j4^/aospora. a, Boundary of stroma formed of dark brown fungus - m ycelium; b, sclerenchyma-strand of the cortex ; c, conidial cushion ; d, union of necks of two perithecia. (After Hartig.). Please note that these images
RMREF88P–. Comparative morphology of Fungi. Fungi. MYRIANGIALES 213 localized in definite regions of the stromata, i.e., they are differentiated into sterile and fertile parts. The first type may be illustrated by Kusanoopsis guianensis in British Guiana, which on dicotyledonous leaves forms dark-colored pulvinate stromata, up to 1 mm. in diameter, erumpent from the interior of the host at maturity (Fig. 136). They lack a definite rind, although the pseudo-. Fig. 137.—Myriangium Diiriaei. A. Habit (natural size). B. Same (X5). C. Section through an immature fructification (X 30). D. Section of concepta
RMREERC1–. Comparative morphology of Fungi. Fungi. SPHAERIALES 287 a conidial hymenium but later become brittle, hard and carbonaceous. A related species, U. zonata, causes a root disease of Hevea and tea. In the higher genera these external stromata, as in the higher Hypo- creales, gradually attain characteristic limits and become true fructifi- cations. At first they arch in the middle and become hemispherical or (as in Mycocitrus and its relatives) tuberous, e.g., in Hypoxylon (Fig. 187) and Daldinia; but one may not draw a sharp line between these two genera and Ustulina as their stromata, especial
RMRGW29C–. Bulletin. Natural history; Natural history. 202 ILLINOIS NATURAL HISTORY SURVEY BULLETIN '(jl. 21, Alt. 6 each spore pushes out as an evagination of Spore germination as high as 66 per cent the spore cell wall, and the cell contents occurs in approximately 10 hours. This pass from the spore into the germ tube. high germination percentage is obtained. Fig. 2.—Dothiorella dieback on red oak. The brown to black, cankerous bark ot each branch contains numerous black, erumpent stromata of Dolhiorelta. X 2.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been d
RMRPY2GF–. Hawaiian Fungi. Fungi. Stevens—Hawaiian Fungi 19 21. ACTINODOTHIDOPSIS Stevens n. gen. Stroma clypeate, subcuticular, composed of narrow bands of pseudo-parenchy- matic structure (not radiate). Perithecia solitary, globular, ostiolate, upper part merging into the clypeus, lower part thin walled. Asci 8-spored, spores 1 to 3-celled, hyaline. Stromata epiphyllus, linear and irregularly arranged, about 150/* wide, composed of irregularly radiating threads. No. 31. Actinodothidopsis coprosmae Stevens n. sp. Stromata subcuticular, clypeate, consisting of a compact, black mycelial mass between the
RMRGWD6X–. Bulletin. Natural history; Natural history. June 1041 CARTER: OAK DISEASES IN ILLINOIS 215 'mr'n :s. Fig. 28.âPortion of a stroma of Fiisicocciim trom red oak. This vertical section shows the internal cavity of the stroma and the hiack stromatic tissue that has pushed through the host tissue. X 5S. ^ ^/ Fig. 27.- Kusicoccum cankers on red oak. The erumpent stromata and fissures in the shrunken, cankerous bark are conspicuous in the larger canker, which has developed around the base of a twig. The smaller canker, below, has developed trom infection through an in- jury. X 3. tinuous, and the
RMRE0N45–. A manual of botany. Botany. Fig.^i. Portion of thehoru-shaped sclerotium of Clai)icepspm-jmrea,oxttie JSrgot Fungus, bearing four stromata. Fig. 846. Longitudinal section of a stroma, magnified, showing the perithecia. After Tulasne. numbers of gonidia [fig. 844). This form is known as the Sphacelia. Later in the year the mycelium becomes very dense and hard, and protrudes from the ear as a black elongated body which is known as a. sclerotium [fig. 843). After a period of rest extending through the winter, the sclerotimn germinates, putting. Please note that these images are extracted from s
RMREF7X4–. Comparative morphology of Fungi. Fungi. taaOttLv.r. m-ms?m. Fig. 168.—Cordyceps rhynchoticola. Habit, on dead leaf-louse. ( X 3; after Mailer, 1901.) The perithecial stromata of the simpler forms, as in the Brazilian C. rhynchoticola found on dead leaf lice, are reminiscent of the higher species of the Amerosporae. C. rhynchoticola surrounds the cadavers with a loose hyphal felt, clings firmly to the substrate, and spreads out on it somewhat as in Fig. 168. The necks of the solitary, flask-shaped perithecia project over the stroma about 0.25 mm. In the higher forms, as in all the Hypocreales
RMRGWDCX–. Bulletin. Natural history; Natural history. 208 ILLINOIS NATURAL HISTORY SURVEY BULLETIN Vol. 21, Art. 6 with a very sparse growth of interwoven mycelium. Later a more dense growth of white surface and aerial mycelium de- velops. Tufts of hyphae appear more or less concentrically or promiscuously inter- spersed with the mycelium. They are white to greenish white above and green below. In some instances the hyphae adjacent to the developing tufts are liglit brown. The stromata are black, firm, multilocular, tu- bercular, 525-1600 /i in diameter, 600- 1500 /JL high and embedded in tufts of hyp
RMRDC1H4–. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. Fig. 130.—Sections of Maple leaves showing the upper epidermis ruptured by 1, RKytisma acerinwm; 2, Rhytisma 2mnctatum. Fig. 131.—Rhytisma symvietricum Miill. Two leaves of Salix purpurea vrith stromata. A, The upper side. B, The lower side. C, Longitudinal section through the same leaf, showing numerous apothecia on the upper side, fewer on the lower ; the shaded middle part represents leaf-tissue, the remainder is
RMRGW23G–. Bulletin. Natural history; Natural history. Fig. 12.—Portion of a stroma o( Cylospora. The erumpent appearance of the stroma is shown in vertical section. The black stromatic tissue with its locules and spores is embedded in the cankerous host tissue. X 5.S. ^ d. Fig. 11.— Cytospora canker and dieback on black oak. Only a few scattered, erumptnt stromata are present in the light to dark brown, sunken, diseased region. The border ot this region is made conspicuous by the contrast in color of the living and diseased bark and by the shrunken appearance of the diseased bark. X 1.. Please note t
RMREE58R–. Comparative morphology and biology of the fungi, mycetozoa and bacteria. Fungi -- Morphology; Bacteria -- Morphology. FIG. 108. Claviceps purpurea, Tul. A sclerotium which has given rise to seven stromata. B upper portion of a stroma in median longitudinal section ; cp perithecia. C highly magnified perithecium divided through the middle with the surrounding parts; cp orifice, sh cortical tissue, hy inner tissue of the stroma. D ascus isolated ; sfi ascospores issuing. After Tulasne from Sachs' Lehrbuch. A natural size. B slightly, C and D highly magnified. FIG. 109. Claviceps purpurea, Tul.
RMRGC783–. Bulletin of the U.S. Department of Agriculture. Agriculture; Agriculture. sJ^'^^u. Washington, D. C. PROFESSIONAL PAPER January 15, 1917 ENDOTHIA PARASITICA AND RELATED SPECIES. By C. L. Shear, Pathologist, and Neil E. Stevens/ Pathologist, Fruit-Disease Investigations, and Ruby J. Tillee, Scientific Assistant, Office of Investiga- tions in Forest Pathology. CONTENTS. Taxonomy 1 Introduction 1 Thegenus Endothia 3 The species of Endothia 13 Morphology and development 22 Mycelium 22 Stromata 23 Spore measurements 30 Physiology 36 Cultural studies 36 Physiology—Continued. Distribution of the s
RMRGC6YB–. Bulletin of the U.S. Department of Agriculture. Agriculture; Agriculture. Plate XVI.. ENDOTHIA PARASITICA AND E. FLUENS. VERTICAL SECTIONS OF STROMATA. X 20. Fig. 1.-E. parasitica. Showing Perithecia Arranged in Several Irregular Layers. Fig. 2.-E. parasitica, Showing Perithecia Arranged in a Single LAYER. Fig. 3.-E. FLUENS, FROM ITALY, SHOWING PERITHECIA ARRANGED IN Spvpp., â w.oc. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the origina
RMRDDBKA–. The fungi which cause plant disease . Plant diseases; Fungi. 206 THE FUNGI WHICH CAUSE PLANT DISEASE Clanostachys theobromse "' probably as its conidial stages, is on fruits and stems of cacao. C. bahiensis Hem. reported in South America on cacao stems is really an Anthostomella; C. gigaspora Mass." is found on sugar-cane. Gibberella Saccardo (p. 198) Stromata tuberculate, more or less effused; perithecia cespitose or occasionally scattered on or surrounding the stroma; asci clavate, 8-spored; spores fusoid, 4 to many-celled, hyaline; conidial phase a Fusarium. Of the thirteen spec
RMRDCRXR–. Comparative morphology and biology of the fungi, mycetozoa and bacteria . Plant morphology; Fungi; Myxomycetes; Bacteriology. Fig. 108. Ciavueps purpurea^ TuL A sderotium wbich has given rise to seven stromata. Supper portion of a stroma in median longitudinal section; cp perithecia. C highly magnified perithedum divided through the middle with the surrounding parts; cp orifice, sk cortical tissue, ky inner tissue of the stroma. D ascus isolated; sfi ascospores issuing. After Tulasne from Sachs" Lehrbuch. A natural size. B slighdy, C and D highly magnified. Fig. 109. Ciavicepi purpurea,
RMRDDBHC–. The fungi which cause plant disease . Plant diseases; Fungi. THE FUNGI WHICH CAUSE PLANT DISEASE 217 Spores hyaline Spores 1-celled 16. Scirrhiella. Spores 2-celled 17. Scirrhia. Spores 4 to 8-celled, fusiform. .. 18. Monographus. Spores colored, multicellular, fusi- form 19. Rhopographus. Stromata sunken, permanently united to the epidermis and substratum Spores 1-celled 20. Phyllachora, p. 220. Spores 2-celled Spores of similar cells 21. Dothidella, p. 221. Spores of dissimilar cells 22. MunMella. Stromata from the first superficial Stromata encrusted, widely spreading... 23. Hyalodothis.
RMRGWER7–. Bulletin. Natural history; Natural history. HARRIS: INITIAL STUDIES OF ELM DISEASES 57. Fig. 33.—Petri-dish culture of Xylaria. showing the mycelium ami stro- matal branches after two and one-half months on acidified potato dextrose agar. The positive phototropic reaction of the stromata during growth is evident. Abrupt bending- of tbe stalks with their tendency to elongate hori- zontally, shown in figure 33, is evidence of this reaction. This culture was ke])t at the far side of a room rather dimly lighted by windows on one side, first in one position and then in the opposite with refer- en
RMRG8XTC–. [Bulletins on forest pathology : from Bulletin U.S.D.A., Washington, D.C., 1913-1925]. Trees; Plant diseases. Bui. 380, U. S. Dept. of Agriculture. Plate XV.. ENDOTHIA PARASITICA. VERTICAL SECTIONS OF STROMATA. X 49. Fig. 1 .—Showing a Young, Simple Pycnidial Cavity at the Base. Fig. 2.—In Which Neither Pycnidia Nor Perithecia Have Begun to Develop. Fig. 3.—With Irregular Chambered Pycnidia. All the above are about the same age—four months after inoculation.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloratio
RMRGW241–. Bulletin. Natural history; Natural history. June 1941 CARTER: OAK DISEASES IN ILLINOIS 207 periderm and epidermis are ruptured by the time the conidia are mature. An erumpent stroma is shown in vertical sec- tion in fig. 12. Stromata are black, val- soid, tubercular, pulvinate, compact, 550- 2000 ,, in diameter and 400-600 /j, high,. Fig. 12.—Portion of a stroma o( Cylospora. The erumpent appearance of the stroma is shown in vertical section. The black stromatic tissue with its locules and spores is embedded in the cankerous host tissue. X 5.S. ^ d. Please note that these images are extract
RMRGWCY6–. Bulletin. Natural history; Natural history. 222 ILLINOIS NATURAL HISTORY SURVEY BULLETIN 'ol. 21, Art. 6 Rhodosticta Rhdiiosticta was found fruiting on a single specimen of dieback, taken from a pin oak growing in a nursery row. The diseased branch, approximately 1 inch in parenchymatous hyphae that compose the bases of the stromata. The overlying phellem and epidermis are ruptured and forced back to form a collar around the erumpent stromata. Erumpent stromata are shown in fig. 42.. Fig. 42.âDieback of pin oak with Rhodosticta fruiting in the diseased tissue. The central region of the shru
RMRDBBTA–. Chestnut blight. Chestnut blight; Chestnut. UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE BULLETIN No. 380 Contribatlon tiom the Bureau of Plant Indnatiy WM. A. XAYLOB, Chief Washington. D. C. feOFESSIONAL PAPER January 15,1917 ENDOTHIA PARASITICA AND RELATED SPECIES By C. L. SHEAR, Pathologist, and NEIL E. STEVENS, Pathol- ogist, Fruit-Disease Investigations, and RUBY J. TILLER, Scientific Assistant, Office of Investigations in Forest Pathology â CONTENTS Page Taxonomy 1 Introduction 1 The Genus Endothia 3 The Spedes of Endsthia 13 Morphology and Development .... 22 Mycelium 22 Stromata ⢠. . 23
Download Confirmation
Please complete the form below. The information provided will be included in your download confirmation