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The apothecia Stock Photos and Images
RMPG0PG3–. A monograph of lichens found in Britain; being a descriptive catalogue of the species in the herbarium of the British Museum. Lichens. Plate 33. X 600 X 1500 X 60(J GLYPHIS LABYEINTHICA Ach, a. Plant on baik. b. Portion of thallus and apothecia. c. Vertical section of thallus. d. Vertical section of apothecia. e. Ascus with paraphysis. /. Spores.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. British Museum (Natural His
RMRH2N2C–. The Bryologist. Bryology; Bryology -- Periodicals. Fig. 2. Alectoria ochroleuca var. sarmentosa x 2. They do The apothecia are small, and dark chestnut in. Fig. 3. Alectoria Fremontii x 2. ends, where they grow much finer and are intertangled. small and yellow. This also is a western lichen. The apothecia are. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. American Bryological and Lichenological Society; American Bryolog
RF2TCK4EX–Verrucaria fuscella is a crustose lichen with black apothecia. This photo was taken in Arribes del Duero Natural Park, Zamora province, Castilla-Leon,
RMPG3W7E–. A monograph of lichens found in Britain; being a descriptive catalogue of the species in the herbarium of the British Museum. Lichens. X 400 X 1000 MELASPILEA PROXIMELLA Nyl. a. a. a. a. Plant on hark- 6. Poition of thallus and apotLecia c Ve-tical sectioi, ot thallus. d. Vertical section of apothecia. ,. A.scus and paraphyses. /. Spores.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. British Museum (Natural History). D
RMRDC1HE–. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. RHYTISMA. 245 eight needle-shaped unicellular spores; pycnidia (spermogonia) with little unicellular conidia are also formed. The fungus attacks leaves of sycamore {Acer Pseudoplatanus), the black spots making their appearance in September. The apothecia ripen on the ground during the following summer.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for rea
RF2TCK3PN–Lecidea atrobrunnea is a crustose lichen with black apothecia. This photo was taken in Arribes del Duero Natural Park, Zamora province, Castilla-Leon,
RMPG3WAD–. A monograph of lichens found in Britain; being a descriptive catalogue of the species in the herbarium of the British Museum. Lichens. r^<- (C 4 X 500 ^^ X lOUO. '^^^ X60U LECANAOTIS PREMNEA Wedd. a. Plant on bark, b. Portion of thallus and apothecia. c. Vertical section of thallus. d. Vertical section of apothecia. e. Aacua and parapbysis. /. Spores.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. British Museum (Nat
RMRDX30Y–. Lichens. Lichens. 194 REPRODUCTION in some lichens, such as Cerania (Thamnolid) vermiailaris, they are the only sporiferous organs known. Not unfrequently crustaceous thalli bear sper- mogonia only, and in some Cladomae, more especially in ascyphous species, spermogonia are produced abundantly at the tips of the podetial branches (Fig. 109), while apothecia are exceedingly rare. Usually they occur in scattered or crowded groups, more rarely they are solitary. Very often they are developed and the contents dispersed before the apothecia reach the surface of the thallus; hence the difficulty i
RF2TCK3R0–Lecidella carpathica is a crustose lichen with black apothecia. This photo was taken in Arribes del Duero Natural Park, Zamora province, Castilla-Leon
RMPG3W88–. A monograph of lichens found in Britain; being a descriptive catalogue of the species in the herbarium of the British Museum. Lichens. Plate 24. 1. X 10(1 o C^ ^o oop 17 'V V A. X 600 X 500 PTYCHOGBAPHA XYLOGBAPHOIDES Nyl. a. Plant on wood. b. Portion of thallus and apotheoia. c. Vertical section of thallus. d. Vertical section of apothecia. e. Ascus and paraphysis. /. Spores.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original w
RFT1RFT7–Common orange lichen, Xanthoria parietina, showing red fluorecence in ultraviolet light (365 nm). Lower image showing same sample in normal daylight.
RMREFBM2–. Comparative morphology and biology of the fungi, mycetozoa and bacteria. Fungi -- Morphology; Bacteria -- Morphology. 190 DIVISION II.—COURSE OF DEVELOPMENT OF FUNGI. the special literature. The most important and most general phenomenon of intercalary growth in the surface of the hymenium consists in the introduction of new asci already mentioned, which goes on for a long time at all points. This is the cause of the long continued superficial growth of many hymenia. Some smaller disk-shaped apothecia, those for example of Aseobolus and Pyro- nema, show no marginal progressive growth or only
RF2TCK3PA–Lecanora rupicola is a crustose lichen with pinkish apothecia. This photo was taken in Arribes del Duero Natural Park, Zamora province, Castilla-Leon,
RMPG44D4–. The fungal diseases of the common larch . Larches. THE LARCH CANKER 43 spores from the ascus of this species is between 10 and 15 mm. In a damp chamber such as that described, the spore-ejection may take place very rapidly, and from two small apothecia, measuring 1-25 mm. and 1-5 mm. respec- tively in diameter, 104 spores were found to have been ejected in 2 minutes. In a dry atmosphere the asci cease to shed their spores, a fact which is no doubt correlated with the closing of the apothecia in dry weather. The spores maj' germinate in either of the two following ways : (i) The spores first
RFT1RFT4–Common orange lichen, Xanthoria parietina, showing red fluorecence in ultraviolet light (365 nm). Smaller image showing same sample in normal daylight
![. Fungi, ascomycetes, ustilaginales, uredinales. Fungi. IV] PHACIDIALES 133 of calcium oxalate; when the fruit opens it forms a white border around the hymenium. The pale colour, and the ragged or tppthed dehiscence of the sheath are very characteristic. Phacidiaceae The Phacidiaceae are distinguished by their black, thick-walled apothecia, usually scattered, sometimes, as in Rkytisma, grouped on a black stroma. Where the fertile disc is circular the sheath splits in a stellate manner, but where it is elongated, dehiscence takes place by means of a slit running along its entire length. The spe Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/RDTNJ0/fungi-ascomycetes-ustilaginales-uredinales-fungi-iv-phacidiales-133-of-calcium-oxalate-when-the-fruit-opens-it-forms-a-white-border-around-the-hymenium-the-pale-colour-and-the-ragged-or-tppthed-dehiscence-of-the-sheath-are-very-characteristic-phacidiaceae-the-phacidiaceae-are-distinguished-by-their-black-thick-walled-apothecia-usually-scattered-sometimes-as-in-rkytisma-grouped-on-a-black-stroma-where-the-fertile-disc-is-circular-the-sheath-splits-in-a-stellate-manner-but-where-it-is-elongated-dehiscence-takes-place-by-means-of-a-slit-running-along-its-entire-length-the-spe-RDTNJ0.jpg ". Fungi, ascomycetes, ustilaginales, uredinales. Fungi. IV] PHACIDIALES 133 of calcium oxalate; when the fruit opens it forms a white border around the hymenium. The pale colour, and the ragged or tppthed dehiscence of the sheath are very characteristic. Phacidiaceae The Phacidiaceae are distinguished by their black, thick-walled apothecia, usually scattered, sometimes, as in Rkytisma, grouped on a black stroma. Where the fertile disc is circular the sheath splits in a stellate manner, but where it is elongated, dehiscence takes place by means of a slit running along its entire length. The spe Stock Photo")
RMRDTNJ0–. Fungi, ascomycetes, ustilaginales, uredinales. Fungi. IV] PHACIDIALES 133 of calcium oxalate; when the fruit opens it forms a white border around the hymenium. The pale colour, and the ragged or tppthed dehiscence of the sheath are very characteristic. Phacidiaceae The Phacidiaceae are distinguished by their black, thick-walled apothecia, usually scattered, sometimes, as in Rkytisma, grouped on a black stroma. Where the fertile disc is circular the sheath splits in a stellate manner, but where it is elongated, dehiscence takes place by means of a slit running along its entire length. The spe
RF2TCK3PY–Lecidea fuscoatra is a crustose lichen with black apothecia. This photo was taken in Arribes del Duero Natural Park, Zamora province, Castilla-Leon, S
RMPG3CRF–. Plant studies; an elementary botany. Botany. Fig. 371), A coniDion liclini < Plnj^cUi) i.n-oviiii^f nn liurk, slinw iii^ tin- sprciHlini; tliiilltis tmrl tlio iiuracroiis dark disks (apiiflu-fial Ituarin^,' tlie jisci.â(JoLDiiKRfiEli. of living together has been called symbiods, and the indi- viduals entering into this relation are called symhionts.. Fig. 371. /V ciiimon folinse [(:q (Piiynwlia) gâ¢i^â m^z ujion a Ivoanl. ami showinc: apothecia.âLioLDEEKGEii. 20. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readabi
RFRYJ6X9–Common orange shore lichen, Xanthoria parietina, and hoary rosette lichen, Physcia aipolia, photographed in ultraviolet light
RMRH27M9–. The Bryologist. Mosses; Liverworts; Lichens; Botany; Bryology. — 79 — ing. The apothecia are innate or depressed in the upper side of the thallus, they have no apparent margin and the disk is a dark reddish brown. The two species described in this article are the common ones and differ very much in the color of the thallus and in the position of the apothecia. SoLORiNA CROCEA (L.) Ach. Thallus small to medium, very brittle when dry, has round appressed lobes with crenate margins. It is a dull green, becoming cinnamon colored when pressed. The under surface is some- what villous, with thick,
RF2TCK3PR–Lecidea fuscoatra is a crustose lichen with black apothecia. This photo was taken in Arribes del Duero Natural Park, Zamora province, Castilla-Leon, S
RMPG4BH0–. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. Fia. 124.—lophodermium nervisequium on Abies pectinata (Silver Fir). 1, Under surface of needle with apothecia. 2, Upper surface with pycnidia. Fig. 125.—Lophodermium nervisequium. Section of a needle of Silver Fir. b, Pycnidium on upper surface shedding conidia. a, Apothe- cium on the lower surface. (After R. Hartig.). Fig. 126.—lophoderviium nervisequium on Silver Fir. Portion of a ripe apothe- cium. a a, Filament
RFRWRW51–Common orange shore lichen, Xanthoria parietina, and hoary rosette lichen, Physcia aipolia, photographed in ultraviolet light
RMRH27MT–. The Bryologist. Mosses; Liverworts; Lichens; Botany; Bryology. — 11 — tose. The underside is usually tomentose or slightly villous, sometimes there are short rhizoids, but no veining. The apothecia are large, reniform or kidney vShaped, they are borne on tlie underside of the lobes, which in fruiting specimens are elongated and turn over onto the upper side of the thallus. The apothecia are innate with a thin margin which soon disappears; the disk is a reddish brown. Nephroma arcticum (L.) Fr. Thallus usually large and smooth, with rounded lobes, the edges of which are folded or rolled over
RF2TCK3PT–Lecidea fuscoatra is a crustose lichen with black apothecia. This photo was taken in Arribes del Duero Natural Park, Zamora province, Castilla-Leon, S
RMPG416R–. The essentials of botany. Botany. 166 M0TAN7. They abound almost everywhere—on tree-trunks, rocks, old roofs, and in many regions upon the ground. They are for the most part of a greenish-gray color, and hence are often called Gray-mosses. Other colors, as black, purple, yellow, and white, are also common. 349. They are all of rather small size, varying from a millimetre or so to 20 or 30 cm. in length. For the greater. Fio. 90.—A a flat-^owinpr (foliaceous) Lichen (Sticta pulinonaria); B, a stemmed (trutlcose^ Lichen (Usueabarbata); a, a, fruit-discs (apothecia). Nat- ural size, part the pl
RFT1RFT3–Common orange shore lichen and hoary rosette lichen photographed in ultraviolet light (365 nm). Lower image photographed in normal visible light.
RMRDDC30–. Photomicrographs of botanical studies. Photomicrography. Limiting tissue of thallus. Pr(jtective hairs. Oogonia in varicius stages of development. iMouth of conceptacle. 4.—Y.S. Apothecia, Parmelia parietina.. Apothecia containing spores. Mycelium. Unicellular alga:. Rhizoides or root-hairs.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Flatters, Milborne & McKechnie Ltd. Manchester : Flaters, Milborne & McKe
RF2TCK3AF–Fruticulose lichens Cladonia subrangiformis (left) and Seirophora lacunosa or Teloschistes lacunosus (rigth, with orange apothecia) and crustose liche
RMPG4589–. A text-book of mycology and plant pathology . Plant diseases; Fungi in agriculture; Plant diseases; Fungi. 8o MYCOtOGY. Fig. 26.—A foliaceous lichen, Parmelia perlata. i, Plant slightly reduced in size; a, apothecia; b, lobe of thallus; c, patches of soredia; 2, longitudinal section of apothecium and cross-section of thallus; o, ascus; b, c, hypothecium; d. upper gonidial (upper algal) layer; e, medullary layer; /, lower gonidial layer; g, lower cortical layer; I, 3, cross-section of vegetative thallus. (From Gager. After Schneider.). Please note that these images are extracted from scanned
RFT1RFT5–Common orange shore lichen and hoary rosette lichen photographed in ultraviolet light (365 nm). Smaller image photographed in normal visible light.
RMREF7E8–. Comparative morphology of Fungi. Fungi. CHAPTER XXII PEZIZALES In the Pezizales are grouped all fleshy Discomycetes. They are characterized by the special structure of the fructifications which, as briefly mentioned in the introduction to the Ascomycetes, are called apothecia. A diagrammatic cross-section of a lichen apothecium is given in Fig. 208. This discoid fertile layer (the ascus hymenium or thecium) is desig- nated as t. It generally lies free in the later stages of development, as. — m Fig. 208.—Section of the apothecium of Physcia pulverulenta. (After Nienburg, 1913.) shown in Fig.
RF2TCK41J–Pertusaria pluripuncta is a crustose lichen with apothecia and Ramalina, fruticulose lichen. This photo was taken in Lanzarote Island, Canary Islands,
RMPG4GPN–. The fungi which cause plant disease . Plant diseases; Fungi. Fig. 92.-|-Sclerotinia on plum, o, section showing a spore pustule and chains of conidia; 6, part of a spore-chain; c, spores germinating; d, a mummy plum and ascophores; e, an ascophore; /, ascus; g, mature spores. After Longyear. in nature, usually at blossom time of the host, can also produce apothecia, a fact first demonstrated by Norton. ^^ These apothecia develop in large numbers from old fruits half buried in soil, and send forth ascospores to aid in infection. The ascospores germinate readily in water and it was proved by N
RMRDE1MJ–. The fungal diseases of the common larch . Larches. Fig. 15.—Apothecia of Dasyscypha calycina on dead larch stem (x f). Closed in dry weather.. Pig. 16. -Same apothecia as in Fig. 15, open in wet weather.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Hiley, W. E. (Wilfrid Edward). Oxford : Clarendon Press
RF2TCK1G1–Ochrolechia parella and red apothecia of parasitic lichen Caloplaca insularis. This photo was taken in La Albera, Girona province, Catalonia, Spain.
RMPG4GJY–. The fungi which cause plant disease . Plant diseases; Fungi. THE FUNGI WHICH CAUSE PLANT DISEASE 159. spreading the fungus during the summer though they have not yet actually been observed to germinate or to cause infection. Apothecia radiately arranged on the stroma which is about 0.5-1.5 cm. across; asci 120-130 X 9-10 ix; spores large, 65-80 Tt 1.5-3 m; paraphyses numerous, in- curved or hooked. Conidia (=Melasmia acerina Lev.) preceding the asci, producing numerous small, hyaline, 1-celled spores in an extended hy- menial layer. On various species of Fig. maple, apparently consist- ing o
RMREFBMD–. Comparative morphology and biology of the fungi, mycetozoa and bacteria. Fungi -- Morphology; Bacteria -- Morphology. CHAPTER V.—COMPARATIVE REVIEW.—ASCOMYCETES. 189 The Ascomycetes which bear apothecia are well known under the name of Discomycetes and Gymnocarpous Lichens. The apothecia in the largest species are compound sporophores of considerable size with limited growth in the direction of the apex or margin, club-shaped or cochleariform in Geoglossum, Spathulea, &c, a stalked cap in Morchella, Helvella, Leotia, Verpa, and others. The early stages of the development of these bodies
RF2TCK4HF–Xanthoria resendei is a foliose lichen with red apothecia growing in volcanic rock. This photo was taken in Lanzarote Island, Canary Islands, Spain.
![. A monograph of lichens found in Britain; being a descriptive catalogue of the species in the herbarium of the British Museum. Lichens. ^ & 0 X 20 #;fc|L p^; A M â kk ^0- ;^rric. 7 F'AV'-V.'. j>7--r"-: ^ '-Si'' -â '' '^ (;o(i b/w N>. X iL'Od X 600 SCLEROPHYTON CIRCUMSCRIPTUM A. Zahlbr. a. Whole plant, b. Portion of thaUus and apothecia. c. V^ertical section o( thallus. d. Vertical section of apothecia. e. Ascus. f. Spores.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of t Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/PG3W62/a-monograph-of-lichens-found-in-britain-being-a-descriptive-catalogue-of-the-species-in-the-herbarium-of-the-british-museum-lichens-amp-0-x-20-fcl-p-a-m-kk-0-rric-7-fav-v-jgt7-rquot-si-oi-bw-ngt-x-ilod-x-600-sclerophyton-circumscriptum-a-zahlbr-a-whole-plant-b-portion-of-thauus-and-apothecia-c-vertical-section-o-thallus-d-vertical-section-of-apothecia-e-ascus-f-spores-please-note-that-these-images-are-extracted-from-scanned-page-images-that-may-have-been-digitally-enhanced-for-readability-coloration-and-appearance-of-t-PG3W62.jpg ". A monograph of lichens found in Britain; being a descriptive catalogue of the species in the herbarium of the British Museum. Lichens. ^ & 0 X 20 #;fc|L p^; A M â kk ^0- ;^rric. 7 F'AV'-V.'. j>7--r"-: ^ '-Si'' -â '' '^ (;o(i b/w N>. X iL'Od X 600 SCLEROPHYTON CIRCUMSCRIPTUM A. Zahlbr. a. Whole plant, b. Portion of thaUus and apothecia. c. V^ertical section o( thallus. d. Vertical section of apothecia. e. Ascus. f. Spores.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of t Stock Photo")
RMPG3W62–. A monograph of lichens found in Britain; being a descriptive catalogue of the species in the herbarium of the British Museum. Lichens. ^ & 0 X 20 #;fc|L p^; A M â kk ^0- ;^rric. 7 F'AV'-V.'. j>7--r"-: ^ '-Si'' -â '' '^ (;o(i b/w N>. X iL'Od X 600 SCLEROPHYTON CIRCUMSCRIPTUM A. Zahlbr. a. Whole plant, b. Portion of thaUus and apothecia. c. V^ertical section o( thallus. d. Vertical section of apothecia. e. Ascus. f. Spores.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of t
RMRDBTH7–. Comparative morphology and biology of the fungi, mycetozoa and bacteria . Plant morphology; Fungi; Myxomycetes; Bacteriology. 190 DIVISION II.—COURSE OF DEVELOPMENT OF FUNGI. the special literature. The most important and most general phenomenon of intetcalary growth in the surface of the hymenium consists in the introduction of new asci already mentioned, which goes on for a long time at all points. This is the cause of the long continued superficial growth of many hymenia. Some smaller disk-shaped apothecia, those for example of Ascobohis and Fyro- nema, show no marginal progressive growth
RF2TCK4HP–Xanthoria resendei is a foliose lichen with red apothecia growing in volcanic rock. This photo was taken in Lanzarote Island, Canary Islands, Spain.
RMRDX32H–. Lichens. Lichens. i82 REPRODUCTION a. Open or closed Apothecia. Schwendener' drew attention to two types of apothecia directly influenced by the thallus: those that are closed at first and only open gradually, and those which are, as he says, open from the first. The former occur in genera and species in which the thallus has a stoutish cortex, as, for instance, in Lobaria where the young fructification has all the appearance of an opening perithecium. The open apothecia {primitus apertd) are found in non-corticate lichens, in which case the pioneer paraphyses arrive at the surface easily an
RF2TCK1FX–Ochrolechia parella is a crustose lichen cream color. At rigth Lecanora campestris (apothecia dark brown) and in the middle Caloplaca sp. (rust color)
RMRE1G75–. A monograph of lichens found in Britain; being a descriptive catalogue of the species in the herbarium of the British Museum. Lichens. 112 tICHENACEI. [bjeomtces. This is at once distinguished by the colour and form of the apothecia and by their internal structure. The thallus, when sterile, often spreads extensively, and is then more continuous and aspersed with large rosy- white or white cephalodine granules, when it is Variolaria terricola Tayl. in Mack. Fl. Hib. ii. p. 115. The apothecia are not common in this country; but the spermogones are frequent on otherwise barren thalli. They are
RMRDEFJ1–. A text-book of mycology and plant pathology . Plant diseases; Fungi in agriculture; Plant diseases; Fungi. MILDEWS AND RELATED FUNGI 167 contents into a single large one, from which the ascogenous hyphae then arise. Family 5. Pezizace^.—The apothecia of this family are saucer- or cup-shaped, sessile or stalked, arising from a mycelium which is found in the substratum. The peridium and hypothecium consists of rounded cells and they are of fleshy, or leathery consistency.. The asci, which are usually eight-spored, are separated by distinct para- physes. The spores are usually hyaline. Lacknea
RMRDGYXK–. A Manual of botany : being an introduction to the study of the structure, physiology, and classification of plants . Botany. LICHENES. 645 cortical or outer layer, it expands in the form of shield-like discs, called apothecia (amSrixii), a repository), or patellae (figs. 891 s, 892 a), (patella, a hollow disk), or linear expansions called lireUse (lira, a furrow). Sometimes the cortical matter forms a border round the fructification. ^,:/'. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of
![. A monograph of lichens found in Britain; being a descriptive catalogue of the species in the herbarium of the British Museum. Lichens. PHrSCTA.] rHTSCIEI. 295 somewliat- prominent, j-ellowi&h or blackish; sterigmata very rarely subsimple. Tbe species of this genus are di^•erse iu habit, some beiiig- everniiform, a few subplacodioid; but the larger number are parmelioid. They also vary somewhat in the structure of the cortical layer, the form of the spores, and the spermatia." Thej' agree, however, in what is more essential, the lecauorine apothecia. The colour of the thallus, here c Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/RE0KGR/a-monograph-of-lichens-found-in-britain-being-a-descriptive-catalogue-of-the-species-in-the-herbarium-of-the-british-museum-lichens-phrscta-rhtsciei-295-somewliat-prominent-j-ellowiamph-or-blackish-sterigmata-very-rarely-subsimple-tbe-species-of-this-genus-are-dierse-iu-habit-some-beiiig-everniiform-a-few-subplacodioid-but-the-larger-number-are-parmelioid-they-also-vary-somewhat-in-the-structure-of-the-cortical-layer-the-form-of-the-spores-and-the-spermatiaquot-thej-agree-however-in-what-is-more-essential-the-lecauorine-apothecia-the-colour-of-the-thallus-here-c-RE0KGR.jpg ". A monograph of lichens found in Britain; being a descriptive catalogue of the species in the herbarium of the British Museum. Lichens. PHrSCTA.] rHTSCIEI. 295 somewliat- prominent, j-ellowi&h or blackish; sterigmata very rarely subsimple. Tbe species of this genus are di^•erse iu habit, some beiiig- everniiform, a few subplacodioid; but the larger number are parmelioid. They also vary somewhat in the structure of the cortical layer, the form of the spores, and the spermatia." Thej' agree, however, in what is more essential, the lecauorine apothecia. The colour of the thallus, here c Stock Photo")
RMRE0KGR–. A monograph of lichens found in Britain; being a descriptive catalogue of the species in the herbarium of the British Museum. Lichens. PHrSCTA.] rHTSCIEI. 295 somewliat- prominent, j-ellowi&h or blackish; sterigmata very rarely subsimple. Tbe species of this genus are di^•erse iu habit, some beiiig- everniiform, a few subplacodioid; but the larger number are parmelioid. They also vary somewhat in the structure of the cortical layer, the form of the spores, and the spermatia." Thej' agree, however, in what is more essential, the lecauorine apothecia. The colour of the thallus, here c
RF2TCK3M1–Fuscidea sp. is a crustose lichen. This photo was taken in Alt Emporda, Girona province, Catalonia, Spain.
RMREFACC–. Comparative morphology and biology of the fungi, mycetozoa and bacteria. Fungi -- Morphology; Bacteria -- Morphology. 412 DIVISION III.—MODE OF LIFE OF THE FUNGI. Ephebella Hegetschwoilori' in the fresh condition lias quite the look of a Scytonema (Fig 167, B, g) ; but if the plant is heated in solution of potash the gelatinous sheath of the Scytoncma-filaments is seen to be traversed by a compacl weft of very delicate hyphae running chiefly in a longitudinal direction, out of which apothecia are sometimes, but rarely, developed. The thallus of Ephebe (Fig. 177, 178), Spilonoma, Gonionema, N
RMRDC1MR–. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. HYPODERMELLA. 235 apothecia were present on the upper surface of the needles as isolated black spots or united into lines; they dehisce by an elongated fissure. The asci are cylindrical with rounded apices, and measure about 110m in length; they are almost sessile. Each contained four hyaline, unicellular, club-shaped spores ii. Fic. 119.—Hypodermella sulcigena. The apothecia form black lines on the needles. Ascus
RF2RCHWJ5–Parmelia quercina is a foliose lichen. This photo was taken in Las Villuercas, Cáceres, Extremadura, Spain.
RMRH2MJD–. The Bryologist. Mosses; Liverworts; Lichens; Botany; Bryology. Theloschistes polycarpus (Ehrh.) Tuckm. (Fig. 4.) Thallus foliaceous, re- duced, with narrow, many cleft divisions, which are short and rounded. In color greenish-yellow, turning darker with age. The underside much wrinkled and covered with short white rhizoids. The apothecia are medium, the disk is concave, bright orange with crenulate margin. They are Fig. 4. Theloschistes often so numerous as to almost cover the polycarpus. j^^^g ^y^^ thallus, except at the outer edge. This species usually occurs in small, orbicular patches, b
RF2RCHWC6–Parmelia quercina is a foliose lichen. This photo was taken in Las Villuercas, Cáceres, Extremadura, Spain.
RMRHJ6XF–. Blind seed disease. Grasses; Grasses; Turfgrasses; Forage plants. ascospores infect flowers 63 ascospores released from apothecia. apothecia emerge from infected seeds in spring. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Alderman, Stephen C; National Forage Seed Production Research Center (U. S. ). Corvallis, OR : USDA, ARS, National Forage Seed Production Research Center
RF2RCHWJN–Ramalina siliquosa is a fruticulose lichen that grows on siliceous rocks of coastlines. This photo was taken in Ribadeo, Lugo, Galicia, Spain.
RMRDC1J1–. Diseases of plants induced by cryptogamic parasites : introduction to the study of pathogenic Fungi, slime-Fungi, bacteria, & Algae . Plant diseases; Parasitic plants; Fungi. 244 ASCOMYCETES. The disease is best combated by prompt removal of fallen leaves in autumn; where this rule is followed Rhytisma is seldom found (see p. 71). Rhytisma punctatum (Pers.) CBritain and U.S. America). Whereas the spots of the Rhytisma just considered are large, those of this species seldom exceed a few millimetres. They are. Fig. 129 —Kkytisma punctatum. Leaf of Acer Pseudoplatanvs with apothecia; the le
RF2RCHWKR–Squamarina cartilaginea is a squamulose lichen that grows on calcareous rocks. This photo was taken in Garraf Natural Park, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spai
RMRH2MY2–. The Bryologist. Mosses; Liverworts; Lichens; Botany; Bryology. —24— Physcia stellaris (L.) TucKM. (Fig. 6.) This species is a very common one, growing on living, as well as dead trees, sometimes almost covering the entire trunk. It is dainty and very pretty. It grows so closely to the substratum that it is difficult to collect. The thallus is grayish white, with many-cleft lobes, which are crowded together and are Fig. 6. Physcia stellaris X 2. somewhat convex. Beneath, the thallus is pale with short gray fibrils. The apothecia are small to medium in size, are sessile and usually very crowde
RF2RCHWMA–Toninia tumidula is a crustose lichen. This photo was taken in L'Ametlla de Mar, Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain.
![. A popular history of British lichens [microform] : comprising an account of their structure, reproduction, uses, distribution, and classification. Lichens; Lichens. 218 POPULAR HISTORY OF LICHENS. r» If. everywhere; it is abundant in woods and on roadside trees and walls. Some varieties are peculiar to certain trees or rocks; for instance, var. pinaslri, a non-granulose, leprose, yellowish or greenish form, grows on the bark of the Pirns sylvestris, the "Scotch fir r and var. nrenulata, which has small, flattened, subpruinose apothecia, with a tumid crenu- late margin, grows chiefly on Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/REP31W/a-popular-history-of-british-lichens-microform-comprising-an-account-of-their-structure-reproduction-uses-distribution-and-classification-lichens-lichens-218-popular-history-of-lichens-r-if-everywhere-it-is-abundant-in-woods-and-on-roadside-trees-and-walls-some-varieties-are-peculiar-to-certain-trees-or-rocks-for-instance-var-pinaslri-a-non-granulose-leprose-yellowish-or-greenish-form-grows-on-the-bark-of-the-pirns-sylvestris-the-quotscotch-fir-r-and-var-nrenulata-which-has-small-flattened-subpruinose-apothecia-with-a-tumid-crenu-late-margin-grows-chiefly-on-REP31W.jpg ". A popular history of British lichens [microform] : comprising an account of their structure, reproduction, uses, distribution, and classification. Lichens; Lichens. 218 POPULAR HISTORY OF LICHENS. r» If. everywhere; it is abundant in woods and on roadside trees and walls. Some varieties are peculiar to certain trees or rocks; for instance, var. pinaslri, a non-granulose, leprose, yellowish or greenish form, grows on the bark of the Pirns sylvestris, the "Scotch fir r and var. nrenulata, which has small, flattened, subpruinose apothecia, with a tumid crenu- late margin, grows chiefly on Stock Photo")
RMREP31W–. A popular history of British lichens [microform] : comprising an account of their structure, reproduction, uses, distribution, and classification. Lichens; Lichens. 218 POPULAR HISTORY OF LICHENS. r» If. everywhere; it is abundant in woods and on roadside trees and walls. Some varieties are peculiar to certain trees or rocks; for instance, var. pinaslri, a non-granulose, leprose, yellowish or greenish form, grows on the bark of the Pirns sylvestris, the "Scotch fir r and var. nrenulata, which has small, flattened, subpruinose apothecia, with a tumid crenu- late margin, grows chiefly on
RF2RCHWMC–Toninia tumidula is a crustose lichen. This photo was taken in L'Ametlla de Mar, Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain.
RMRH2N0Y–. The Bryologist. Mosses; Liverworts; Lichens; Botany; Bryology. —22 — stratum but when damp is easily removed. It is found in the Eastern and Southern States, but is not common in the West, Physcia HYPOLEUCA (MuHL.) TucKM. Plate III. 2.) Thallus large and smooth, light gray-brown, the lobes rather flat with crenate margins, which are sometimes powdery. Beneath the thallus is either white or light brown, densely covered with tufts of black bristle-like fibrils, with which it adheres •closely to the substratum. The apothecia are rather large, crowded at the centre, cup-shaped, the disk black wi
RF2TBJ255–Xanthoria elegans is a beautiful crustose lichen that grows on calcareous or siliceous rocks. This photo was taken near Cantavieja, Teruel province, A
RMRDDC42–. Photomicrographs of botanical studies. Photomicrography. 12 PhotoinicrograpJis of Botanical Studies. 3.—T.S. Female conceptacle, fucus vesiculosus. m^.. Limiting tissue of thallus. Pr(jtective hairs. Oogonia in varicius stages of development. iMouth of conceptacle. 4.—Y.S. Apothecia, Parmelia parietina.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Flatters, Milborne & McKechnie Ltd. Manchester : Flaters, Milborne
RF2TBJ254–Xanthoria elegans is a beautiful crustose lichen that grows on calcareous or siliceous rocks. This photo was taken near Cantavieja, Teruel province, A
RMRH2NRH–. The Bryologist. Mosses; Liverworts; Lichens; Botany; Bryology. Substrata: On maritime rocks. Distribution: Uncommon in the Transition Zone on the southern Pacific Coast. Seen only from the following stations: Stations: California: Pt. Lobos; Pt. San Pedro; Catalina Island; San Diego; Monterey. Lower California: Guadalupe Island. Observations: This Nylander species, not recognized by Tuckerman, seems possibly to deserve recognition as more than a phase of homalea. Its shorter, more spatulate, dull laciniae and terminal apothecia may deserve for it nomenclatural designation. It occurs with hom
RF2TBJ24M–Squamarina lentigera is a squamulose lichen that grows on calcareous soil. This photo was taken near Aliaga, Teruel province, Aragon, Spain.
RMRH2MGR–. The Bryologist. Mosses; Liverworts; Lichens; Botany; Bryology. so deep a yellow or orange. Apothecia are not common, but soredia are frequent, covering the curled over margins of the lobes so that they are very granular. Found on rocks, but more frequently on living trees, especially on old elms. Theloschistes concolor (Dicks.) Tuckm. Thallus foliaceous with very narrow, finely dissected, branching lobes of uniform width, adhering closely- to the substratum. Greenish-yellow in color, white on the underside, with short, white rhizoids. The apothecia are small, sessile and not very numer- ous,
RMRGKACE–. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). Botany; Botany. PARMELIA {AMPHIGYMNIA) IN EAST AFRICA 219 As mentioned under 'Circumscription of the species' we have found the variation in the vegetative propagules unsuitable for a taxonomic division at species level in this case. There is no difference between P. tinctorum and P. pseudotinctorum in characters of spores and conidia, perforation of the apothecia, or substrate preference. Both morphotypes have their main distribution between 1000 and 2000 m altitude, with occasional records up to 2700 m, but only P. tinctorum s. str. has bee
RF2RCHWKW–Squamarina lentigera is a squamulose lichen that grows on calcareous rocks. This photo was taken in Serranía de Cuenca, Castilla-La Mancha, Spain.
![. A monograph of lichens found in Britain; being a descriptive catalogue of the species in the herbarium of the British Museum. Lichens. LEPTOGItlM.] 63 to the anatomical structure of the thallus and the character of the apo- thecia, it is divided by Nylander into four subgenera, all of which occur in our Islstnds. Subgeii. HOMODIUM Nyl. Flora, 1875, p. 297 {efr. Cromb. Grevillea, xv. p. 12).—ThaUus microphylline, granulose, or variously lobed or fruticulose, entirely cellular within ; gonimia rarely in part moniliform. Apothecia urceolate or biatoroid; spores variously septate and divided.. F Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/RE1GD6/a-monograph-of-lichens-found-in-britain-being-a-descriptive-catalogue-of-the-species-in-the-herbarium-of-the-british-museum-lichens-leptogitlm-63-to-the-anatomical-structure-of-the-thallus-and-the-character-of-the-apo-thecia-it-is-divided-by-nylander-into-four-subgenera-all-of-which-occur-in-our-islstnds-subgeii-homodium-nyl-flora-1875-p-297-efr-cromb-grevillea-xv-p-12thauus-microphylline-granulose-or-variously-lobed-or-fruticulose-entirely-cellular-within-gonimia-rarely-in-part-moniliform-apothecia-urceolate-or-biatoroid-spores-variously-septate-and-divided-f-RE1GD6.jpg ". A monograph of lichens found in Britain; being a descriptive catalogue of the species in the herbarium of the British Museum. Lichens. LEPTOGItlM.] 63 to the anatomical structure of the thallus and the character of the apo- thecia, it is divided by Nylander into four subgenera, all of which occur in our Islstnds. Subgeii. HOMODIUM Nyl. Flora, 1875, p. 297 {efr. Cromb. Grevillea, xv. p. 12).—ThaUus microphylline, granulose, or variously lobed or fruticulose, entirely cellular within ; gonimia rarely in part moniliform. Apothecia urceolate or biatoroid; spores variously septate and divided.. F Stock Photo")
RMRE1GD6–. A monograph of lichens found in Britain; being a descriptive catalogue of the species in the herbarium of the British Museum. Lichens. LEPTOGItlM.] 63 to the anatomical structure of the thallus and the character of the apo- thecia, it is divided by Nylander into four subgenera, all of which occur in our Islstnds. Subgeii. HOMODIUM Nyl. Flora, 1875, p. 297 {efr. Cromb. Grevillea, xv. p. 12).—ThaUus microphylline, granulose, or variously lobed or fruticulose, entirely cellular within ; gonimia rarely in part moniliform. Apothecia urceolate or biatoroid; spores variously septate and divided.. F
RF2RCHWM1–Squamarina lentigera is a squamulose lichen. This photo was taken in Serranía de Cuenca, Castilla-La Mancha, Spain.
RMRH2MPH–. The Bryologist. Bryology; Bryology -- Periodicals. —6i — Parmelia stygia (L.) Ach. The dark brown, almost black, of the thallus of this species is a distinguishing mark. It is smooth and shining, the lobes are linear, many cleft and contorted, with curved tips. Beneath it is black, with fine fibrils. The apothecia are not common, the disk is very dark chestnut, with granulate margin. This species is found on rocks in the higher mountains of the Eastern States. It is very abundant in Alaska.. Fig. 6. (Reduced !^.) P. conspcrsa. Parmelia conspersa (Ehrh.) Ach. (Fig. 6.) Thallus divided into sl
RF2RCHWM3–Squamarina lentigera is a squamulose lichen. This photo was taken in Serranía de Cuenca, Castilla-La Mancha, Spain.
RMRDTPCB–. Lichens. Lichens. 142 MORPHOLOGY observed and commented on by succeeding botanists: first by Malpighi' who judged them to be seeds, he having seen them develop new plants; by. Fig. 8i. Vertical section of young soralium oi Evernia Jurfuracea var. soralifera Bitter x 60 (after Bitter). Micheli^ who however distinguished between the true fruit and those seeds; and by Linnaeus^ who considered them to be the female organs of the plant, the apothecia being, as he then thought, the male organs. Hedwig*, on the other hand, regarded the apothecia as the seed receptacles and the soredia as male bodie
RF2RCHWC4–Parmelia quercina is a foliose lichen that grows on tree bark. This photo was taken in Las Villuercas, Cáceres, Extremadura, Spain.
RMRDCEMW–. Comparative morphology and biology of the fungi, mycetozoa and bacteria . Plant morphology; Fungi; Myxomycetes; Bacteriology. 413 DIVISION III.—MODE OF LIFE OF THE FUNGI. Ephebella Hegetschweileri' in the fresh condition has quite the look of a Scytonema (Fig 167, B, g); but if the plant is heated in solution of potash the gelatinous sheath of the Scytonema-filaments is seen to be traversed by a compact weft of very delicate hyphae running chiefly in a longitudinal direction, out of which apothecia are sometimes, but rarely, developed. The thallus of Ephebe (Fig. 177, 178), Spilonema, Gonion
RF2RCHWJ3–Parmelia quercina is a foliose lichen that grows on tree bark. This photo was taken in Las Villuercas, Cáceres, Extremadura, Spain.
RMRH2MK9–. The Bryologist. Mosses; Liverworts; Lichens; Botany; Bryology. — 6o — pothecia are medium, have a yellow or orange disk with cilia on the margin. Found fertile in the Southern States, and sterile in the North, where it is not common.. Theloschistes parietinus (L.) Norm. (Fig. 3.) Thallus foli- aceous, usually orbicular; the lobes, which are short, thin, rounded, crenate and somewhat rugose, turn upward at their mar- gins, otherwise cling closely to the substratum by means of short rhizoids. The apothecia are smaller than in T. chrysophthal- mus and are sessile; the disk is Fig. 3. Theloschis
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