Text-book of structural and physiological botany . Fig. 417.—^ticta Puhnonacea, a Foliaceous Lichen, with apothecia. one time included in that class, they are nevertheless reallymore nearly allied to Mosses, not only in their mode ofgermination, but because they are Acrogens in contradistinc-tion to Thallogens. They grow in fresh water, and consistof cellular filaments, which are branched in a verdcillateu 2 292 Structural and Physiological Botany. manner at regular intervals (Eig. 418 i.). There are onlytwo genera, Chara and Nitella. known as -Brittle-worts/ II.. Fig. 4,1^. —Chara fragilis :

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Text-book of structural and physiological botany . Fig. 417.—^ticta Puhnonacea, a Foliaceous Lichen, with apothecia. one time included in that class, they are nevertheless reallymore nearly allied to Mosses, not only in their mode ofgermination, but because they are Acrogens in contradistinc-tion to Thallogens. They grow in fresh water, and consistof cellular filaments, which are branched in a verdcillateu 2 292 Structural and Physiological Botany. manner at regular intervals (Eig. 418 i.). There are onlytwo genera, Chara and Nitella. known as -Brittle-worts/ II.. Fig. 4, 1^. —Chara fragilis : I. natural size ; II. germina-ting spore (magnified) ; the lower part as far as thesecond whorl of roots is the pro embryo ; III. part ofthe fertile thallus (more strongly magnified) ; beneaththe ovoid nucule b is the spherical globule a. including a considerable number of species distributed overthe whole globe. In Nitella each internode consists of only special Morphology and Classification, 293 a single cell, while in the stem of Chara there is a centralor axial cell, surrounded in a spiral manner by other cells, which form a cortex. Multiplication takes place pardy bysingle cells becoming detached, partly by impregnation. Insome species, as Chara hispida (Fig. 419) an antheridium or