. The vegetable kingdom : or, The structure, classification, and uses of plants, illustrated upon the natural system. iaparietina, Borrera furfuracea, Evernia prunastri, Cenomyce pyxidata and coccifera, arereputed astringents and fe-brifuges, and Peltidea aph-thosa an anthelmintic. Alec-toria Arabum (Oschnah) issaid to be sedative and sopo-rific. Peltigera canina wasonce regarded as a specificin hydrophobia. Sticta pul-monacea is used in Siberiafor giving a bitter to beer,and in this coimtry is em-ployed, under the name ofLungs of the Oak, as a nou-rishing diet for weak persons.Evernia ATilpin

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. The vegetable kingdom : or, The structure, classification, and uses of plants, illustrated upon the natural system. iaparietina, Borrera furfuracea, Evernia prunastri, Cenomyce pyxidata and coccifera, arereputed astringents and fe-brifuges, and Peltidea aph-thosa an anthelmintic. Alec-toria Arabum (Oschnah) issaid to be sedative and sopo-rific. Peltigera canina wasonce regarded as a specificin hydrophobia. Sticta pul-monacea is used in Siberiafor giving a bitter to beer, and in this coimtry is em-ployed, under the name ofLungs of the Oak, as a nou-rishing diet for weak persons.Evernia ATilpina, called Ulf-mossa by the Swedes, isbehoved by that people tobe poisonous to wolves ; butthis requires confirmation.See De Cand. Essai Med.318, and Agardh, A]:>?i. 94. According to the chemists, Lichens contain several pe-cuhar principles; such asCetrarine, Picrolichenine, Stictine, and Variohne, whichare bitter ; and the colour-ing matters called Orcine, Erythrine, Parmelochro-mine (also called Vulpulmeand Vulpinic acid), Strych-nochromme, Strychnery-thrine, Lecanorine, &c.: andfinallv, from Usnea florida, . Fig. XXXIII. * Nothing, however, can be more heterogeneous than the mass of genera collected by Fries underthe unfortunate name of Byssack^. Many of them are spurious genera, others true Fungals, a fewanomalous Lichens, and a small portion not easily arranged under Fungals, Algals, or Lichens. Anexcellent notice will be found by Dr. Montague in the History of Cuba, and the latest information onthe subject in the article Byssacees in the new Diet. dHist. Nat. By excluding such genera as Ciliciaand Ccenogium, which the example of Parmelia gossypina will justify us in uniting with Lichens, wehave remaining a very natural, though small group, which may be distinguished under the name ofCoUemaceas; and Dr. Montagne, who has lately had some correspondence on the subject with Fig. XXXII.—Cetraria islandica : a a. its shields ; b. a shield magnified and divided vertically.Fig. X